Afrika y'Epfo: Menya uno mwicanyi ruhebwa "yahiga buhongo" abirabure avuga ko igipolisi camutera intege

Umwicanyi wo muri Afrika y'Epfo yagiriwe n'icaha co kugandagura abirabure batari bake mu gihe ca ya ntwaro y'ivangura (apartheid) yabwiye BBC ko igipolisi cakingira ikibaba ubwicanyi bwiwe.

Louis van Schoor avuga ko hari abandi bategerezwa gusangira icaha c'ubwicanyi yakoze, nk'abari bajejwe umutekano. Ariko igihe yavugana na BBC Africa Eye, igisata ca BBC cegeranya amakuru y'igendereza, mu myaka ine iheze, yashize ahabona amakuru ateye ubwoba atuma umuntu yibaza igituma irekurwa ryiwe ryihuse.

Uhagararanye n'umwicanyi mu cumba ciwe, amaso yawe aguma araba irya n'ino kugira ntihagire akagucika.

Igitanda ca Van Schoor gishashe neza cane- ishuka yifuka nta mupfunyunyu n’umwe ifise ku buryo isa n’iyatewe ipasi.

Icumba cuzuye umunuko w’itabi, imitwe y’imisogoto isigaye ari ikirundo mu gakopo atamwo uwo ahejeje. Ku gisenge henena udupapuro tw’ubwome, twumiyeko isazi zafashwe n’iziriko zirapfa.

Uno mugabo azwi "nk'umwicanyi wa Apartheid" nta menyo agifise. Ni magara make. Inyuma y'ingwara y'umutima, aherutse gucibwa amaguru yompi, ubu akaba agendera ku gakinga k'abamugaye, n'inkovu zimubabaza cane.

Igihe bamubaga, Van Schoor yasavye ko bamutera umuti wo kutumva ububabare aho kumutera umuti wo kumusinziriza - kugira ngo ashobore kuraba ingene bamuca amakuru.

Atwengera imbere, avuga ati: “Narashaka kumenya ingene bigenda. Nabonye baca...bakata igufa bakoresheje umusumenu".

Mu kuvugana na BBC World Service, Van Schoor yashaka kutwumvisha ko atari "igihume nk'uko abantu bamvuga".

Mu kiringo c'imyaka itatu mu myaka ya 1980 ahagarikiwe n'intwaro y'ivangura yari muri ico gihugu - yaha uburenganzira bwose abanya-Afrika y'Epfo b'abazungu - Van Schoor yishe arashe nibura abantu 39.

Abishwe bose bari abirabure. Umuto muri bo yari afise imyaka 12. Ubu bwicanyi bwabaye muri East London, igisagara co mu ntara ya Eastern Cape kirangwamwo umuyaga mwinshi.

Van Schoor yari umuzamu ico gihe, yari yahawe akazi ko gukingira ibibanza vy'ubudandaji vy'abazungu vyashika kuri 70% : amazu y'uburiro, amaduka, inganda hamwe n'amashure. Abandanya avuga ko abo yishe bose zari "inkozi z'ikibi" yafashe mpiri bariko baramena ngo binjire muri izo nyubakwa.

“Yari inderetsi yica abantu. Yari umukinyi wa firime Dirty Harry,” bivugwa na Isa Jacobson, umunyamakuru wo muri Afrika y'Epfo akongera akaba n'umwanditsi w'amafirime, yamaze imyaka 20 akora amatohoza ku rubanza rwa Van Schoor.

“Ni abantu biyadukiza, akenshi batagira ic'epfo n'ica ruguru (baburaniwe). Bagenda baratoragura mu mayarara, kumbure bakiba ivyo kurya... ivyaha nyene bito bito”.

Ubwicanyi bwa Van Schoor - rimwe na rimwe ugasanga yishe abatari bake mw'ijoro rimwe gusa - bwateje ubwoba mu banyagihugu b'abirabure muri East London.

Amakuru yazunguruka mu gisagara yavuga umugabo w'ubwanwa - yari yataziriwe “whiskers” mu rurimi rw'ikiXhosa - yanyuruza abantu mw'ijoro. Ariko abo yarasa ntiyabikora yinyegeje.

Ubwicanyi bwose yakoze hagati ya 1986 na 1989 ni we wenyene yaja kubumenyesha igipolisi. Ariko irekurwa rya Nelson Mandela mu 1990 yari arongoye abarwanya intwaro ya apartheid ryabaye ikimenyetso ko uku kudahana kurangiye.

Igihuhusi c'impinduka carakwiragiye muri Afrika y'Epfo, inyuma y'igitsure caterwa n'abaharanira agateka ka muntu hamwe n'abamenyeshamakuru, uno muzamu yahavuye afatwa mu 1991.

Urubanza rwa Van Schoor ni rumwe mu manza zabaye ndende muri kahise ka Afrika y'Epfo, rwabayemwo ivyabona bitari bike n'ibihumbi vy'inzandiko zerekana ivyemezo.

Hagati aho, urubanza rwiwe rusa n'urwapfiriye muri sentare. Igihe bamusomera, menshi mu mategeko ya apartheid ni yo yari agikora mu butungane. Nubwo yishe abantu 39, yafashwe n'ubwicanyi indwi gusa. Yapfunzwe imyaka 12 yonyene.

Igipolisi kiracafata ko ubu bundi bwicanyi 32 "bwari bufise ishingiro". Amategeko yo mu gihe c'intwaro ya apartheid yaraha abantu uburenganriza bwo kwica abantu b'ivyaduka iyo banse guhagarikwa canke bakarondera kwiruka bamaze gufatwa.

Van Schoor ashingiye cane kuri iyi mvo mu kwerekana ko ataco yagirizwa, aho avuga ko abo yishe yabishe bariko bariruka.

Itohoza rya BBC kuri Van Schoor ryarahagaze kuri ubu bwicanyi bufatwa ko bwari "bufise ishingiro", rikaba ryinjiye cane mu vyegeranyo vy'igipolisi vyibagiwe, ibipimo vyo kwa muganga hamwe n'ivyavuzwe n'ivyabona.

Iri tohoza ryari rirongowe na Isa Jacobson, rikaba ryarimwo inzandiko zo mu bubiko z'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bisagara bitari bike mu ntara ya Eastern Cape. Inzandiko nyamukuru zari zikwiragiye mu majana n'amajana y'ibikarato, binyegejwe mu vyumba ntamenwa.

Ati: “Ibi bintu birasiga ubwenge. Biratangaje kwumva ingene hoba sentare ishobora kureka ngo ibi bibe".

Bimwe mu vyemezo vy'incamugongo umupfasoni Jacobson yabonye ni ivyavuzwe n'ivyabona biri mu bantu bakomerekejwe na Van Schoor, ariko bagakira. Ibi vyemezo bitandukanye n'ibivugwa n'uno muzamu mu kwiregura, aho avuga ko yabarashe bariko bariruka.

Abantu batari bake bavuze ko Van Schoor yabarashe bakirije amaboko, bamaze kwishikana. Abandi nabo bavuga ingene yabakina ku muvyimba, ababaza nimba bashaka guhagarikwa canke kuraswa - imbere yo kubarasa mu gikiriza.

Uwundi yavuze ingene yarashwe mu nda, ariko asaba amazi imbere yo gukubitwa imigere mu gikomere ciwe na Van Schoor.

Uno muzamu yari afise ibastola (pistole) ya 9mm, akenshi yaba yuzuye amasasu adasongoye cane ku mutwe, ibi bigatuma iyo urusasu rwinjiye mu muntu rumutabagura nabi cane. Igihe kimwe, yarashe amasasu nk'aya umunani umugabo atari afise ikirwanisho.

Mu bwicanyi bw'ubugome budasanzwe yakoze ku wa 11 Mukakaro (7) 1988, Van Schoor yarashe umwana w'umuhungu w'imyaka 14 yari yinjiye mu nzu y'uburiro arondera udufaranga.

Uno mwana - izina ryiwe ritavuzwe hano ku mvo zo gukingira ubuzima bwiwe - yabwiye igipolisi ko yinyegeje mu kazu ka surwumwe amaze kubona Van Schoor n'inkoho yiwe. Avuga ko uno muzamu yamutegetse gusohoka, agahagarara ku ruhome hanyuma akamurasa amasasu menshi.

Mu vyemezo yatanze, agira ati: “Yantegetse guhagarara, ariko ntavyo nashobora. Igihe nari ndyamye yanteye imigere mu kanwa. Yarantoye hanyuma anshira ku meza yongera kundasa".

Uno mwana yararokotse, ariko ntibemeye ivyo yavuze. Yagirijwe kwitera mu nzu ku nguvu. Abenshi mu birabure bakiri bato bavuga amabi bakorewe bakaraswa na Van Schoor bose vyabagendeye nk'uko.

Ivyabona nk'ibi vyarumvirijwe igihe Van Schoor yariko araburanywa, ariko umucamanza yapfishije ubusa ibi vyemezo, avuga ko "ataco bimaze" kandi ko "bitizewe". Nta murwi w'abacamanza wiga urubanza muri Afrika y'Epfo. Irivuzwe n'umucamanza ni ryo rya nyuma.

Igihe Van Schoor yariko araburanywa, abenshi mu bazungu baba muri East London baramushigikiye. Umwe mu barwizatunga yasohoye udusanamu two gushira ku modoka turiko ishusho y'uyu muzamu. Twari twanditseko ngo “Ndagukunda Louis”, hafi y'umutima wuzuye ibitoboro vy'amasasu.

“Biraboneka ko ubutungane bwarangwamwo ivangura”, bivugwa na Patrick Goodenough, umunyamakuru wa Afrika y'Epfo yayoboye iri tohoza kuri Van Schoor mu myaka ya 1980. Yaranitavye urubanza rwiwe.

“Ni benshi cane bamushigikira...ntako yari gushobora kuva imbere y'icaha nk'iki".

Nta gihe ntarengwa co gukurikirana icaha co kwica canke kugerageza kwica muri Afrika y'Epfo. Mu bisanzwe, nta kintu na kimwe cobuza igipolisi gusubira kwugurura urubanza rwa Van Schoor kigasubira kwihweza ubu bwicanyi buvugwa ko bwari "bufise ishingiro".

“Ahanini Louis van Schoor yarasohoka akaja kwica abanyagihugu nk'ikarashishi”, bivugwa na Dominic Jones, umunyamakuru yafashije mu kumenyekanisha ubwicanyi bwakozwe n'uno muzamu mu myaka ya 1980.

Bimwe mu bintu bibabaje cane itohoza rya BBC ryashitseko vyavuye mu biganiro yagiranye na Van Schoor ubwiwe, vyerekana ko yishimira ibikorwa vyiwe.

Yabwiye BBC ati: “Buri joro riba ari rishasha, nimba twobivuga gutyo".

Nyinshi mu nyubakwa z'abarwizatunga yacungera zari zifise ubuhinga bwo kugabisha butasohora ijwi. Iyo hagize umuntu w'icaduka yinjira, Van Schoor yaca aronka ubutumwa bumugabisha, ivyamushoboza kumwubira - mbere akamenya neza na neza aho yaba ari muri iyo nyubakwa. Kandi yama agenda ari umwe.

Ati: “Nta birato nari nambaye. Ni agacerere. Nta birato uba wambaye kuko uriko uratambuka bohava bakwumva".

Ntiyigera yatsa itara. Ahubwo yakoresha kwimotereza gusa.

Ati: “Iyo hagize uwinjira, naca numva akamoto".

Van Schoor avuga ko atigeze agenda afise “intego yo kwica abirabure”, kandi ko ata vangura afise. Ariko aremera ko kubahiga mu mwijima vyari "biryoshe".

Imbere yo kuba umuzamu, Van Schoor yari umupolisi wa East London mu kiringo c'imyaka 12. Yarakoresheje ico yita “imbwa zitera” zakoreshwa mu gutuza no gufata abari mu myiyerekano n'inkozi z'ikibi - hafi bose bari abirabure.

Agereranya ibi n'“uruhigi, ariko rw'ubwoko butandukanye".

Tetinene “Joe” Jordan yahoze ari mu barwanya ubutegetsi bw'ivangura akaba yakorera muri East London ico gihe c'ubwicanyi bwa Van Schoor, aravyibuka neza.

Ati: "Yarakora uruhigi, neza na neza ahiga abantu".

Van Schoor arahakana yivuye inyuma ko atari “umwicanyi yica yisubiriza” kandi yemeza ko ibintu vyose yakora vyari “bijanye n'amategeko”. Nimba hari abantu bababajwe n'ubu bwicanyi, avuga ko bakwiye kwagiriza igipolisi ca Afrika y'Epfo.

Avuga ko igipolisi kitigeze kimunegura canke ngo kimugabishe, ahubwo ko cari kimushigikiye kikamutera intege.

Agira ati: “Buri mupolisi muri East London yari azi ivyariko biraba… abapolisi bose bari babizi. Nta na rimwe higeze haba umuntu ambwira ati ‘eh Louis, urarengeje canke raba ugeze ngaha, canke ico ari co cose’…bose bari bazi ivyariko biraba”.

Mu nzandiko z'ububiko bw'igipolisi, umupfasoni Jacobson yarasanze hari ubwicanyi bwaba abapolisi bahagaze aho bwabera. Nta gihe na kimwe bigeze baboneka ko boba barafashe Van Schoor nk'uwikekwako ubukozi bw'ikibi.

Ku ncuro nyinshi, igipolisi carananiwe no gufata amashusho y'abiciwe ahantu kandi carananiwe no kwegeranya ivyemezo, nk'ibirombora vy'amasasu. Akenshi Van Schoor ni we yaba ari icabona wenyene c'ubwicanyi yakora, rero ibi avuga vyari kuba vyakoreweko kugira ngo buri kintu cabaye kimenyekane ingene cagenze.

Goodenough ati: “Ibi vyari ugukingira ikibaba...yari ashigikiwe n'abapolisi, kuva kuri bato gushika kuri bakuru.

“Ntibari gukora amatohoza. Ahubwo baricarana nawe bagasangira itabi, biyagira, ibiziga birambaraye hafi yabo".

Mu bihe vyose, Van Schoor ni we yarasa - ariko hagati y'abapolisi n'abarwizatunga bamuhaye akazi, ikibano cose caragize uruhara mu bwicanyi bwabaye muri East London.

Umupfasoni Jacobson ati: “Van Schoor yari umwicanyi yica yisubiriza, kubera hari abantu bamuretse akaba umwe muri aba bicanyi".

Ku miryango y'abiciwe na Van Schoor, umwidegemvyo wiwe, no kubona reta yarananiwe no gutohoza ubwicanyi bwiwe, ni isoko ridakama ry'umubabaro. Hari bamwe batigeze babona ibiziga vy'abantu babo.

“Bisa nk'aho twugaraniwe muri iki gihe c'umubabaro ku mutima, igihe c'ishavu", bivugwa na Marlene Mvumbi yabuze musazawe Edward yishwe na Van Schoor mu 1987. Ibisigarira vyiwe vyahambwe n'abategetsi mu mva itamenyekanye umuryango utavyemeye.

“Hari abantu benshi batazwi irengero gushika ubu eka mbere no mu mva...ntivyaheze”.

Urubanza rwa Van Schoor rwatanguye imbere y'Umurwi w'Ukuri nUkurekuriranira wo mu 1995 muri Afrika y'Epfo, watanze indishi y'akababaro ku bakorewe amabi n'intwaro ya apartheid.

Sharlene Crage, yahoze aharanira agateka ka zina muntu yagize uruhara rudasanzwe mu guhatira abategetsi ba Afrika y'Epfo gushengeza Van Schoor, arababajwe cane no kubona yemererwa kwidegemvya.

Uno mupfasoni ati: “Ubutungane bwarakoze nabi cane. Nta mvo yobuza ko urubanza rwiwe rwugururwa gushasha".

Van Schoor yaciriwe umunyororo w'imyaka irenga 90 igihe urubanza rwiwe rwarangira, ariko umucamanza yaramwemereye ko ashobora guhanirwa buri caha ica rimwe n'ikindi. Yarekuwe vy'agateganyo mu 2004.

Kurekura hakiri kare abicanyi bo ku ntwaro ya apartheid ni ikibazo giteje impari muri Afrika y'Epfo.

Mu 2022, harabaye imyiyerekano i Johannesburg yo kwiyamiriza irekurwa rya Janusz Walus vy'agateganyo, yishe umunyaporitike yarwanya apartheid Chris Hani.

Imyaka mike imbere y'aha, Eugene de Kock yari arongoye umurwi wagirizwa kunyuruza, iyicarubozo n'ukwica abirabure batari bake barwanya apartheid na we nyene yari yarekuwe.

Ubu, Van Schoor amara umwanya hafi wose arorera Rugby, anywa itabi yongera akina n'imbwa yiwe, Brutus. Avuga ko atibuka vyinshi mu bwicanyi bwiwe.

Amakuru amwe avuga ata vyemezo ko yarashe abantu bashika 100. Van Schoor arabihakana, ariko akemera ko abo yarashe bashobora kuba barenga 39 bazwi.

Yatubwiye ati: “Ni ukuri si nzi abo narashe ingene bangana. Bamwe bavuga abarenga 100, abandi bavuga 40...Reka mvuge kubw'izi mpari ko narashe abantu 50".

Avuga ko yishimiye ibi bikorwa yakoze muri kahise.

Ati: “Jewe si numva ko hari icaha nakoze. Sinicuza mu mutima wanje".

BBC yaregereye igipolisi ca Afrika y'Epfo igisaba kugira ico kivuze, ariko nticishuye.

Abategetsi nta nsiguro batanga ku bituma, inyuma y'intwaro ya apartheid, batasubiriye kwihweza ubwicanyi Van Schoor yakoze.

Marlene Mvumbi ati: “Umubabaro ni mwinshi cane, kandi ubu sinumva ko hari ivyakozwe bikwiye kugira ngo dushobore gukira".

“Si abo gusa bishwe na Van Schoor. N'abo bose bavuga nk'uko ku bwicanyi bw'intwaro y'ivangura”.

Itohoza ryakozwe na Isa Jacobson hamwe na Charlie Northcott