Kuki Uganda ishora imitahe mu mwimbu w'igitoro mu gihe cari ico kwihatira gukingira ibidukikije

Ubushuhe burarenze, igipfungu kigaragaza itosekara ry'ikirere, ibuheramaso, gitwikiriye ikiyaga n'imisozi; intamba zirarara zimanuka zongera ziduga, nk'uho umengo ziriko zikina n'umuyaga uturuka mu kiyaga Albert, hafi y'amariba y'ibitoro Uganda igiye gutangura kwimbura.

Kino gice c'imisozi ihanamye ya Rift Valley - ikimanga caciye inkovu akarere ka Afirika y'ubuseruko kiriko kirahindurwa n'amashirahamwe ataragira uburambe mu rudandazwa rw'ibitoro.

Hari umwitwarariko w'ibidukikije, no kumenya nimba igihe co gushora imitahe mu bitoro kitarengeranye - ariko nta nkeka ko muri ico kiyaya hariko haza amahinduka, munsi y'ico kimanga.

Ahahereza ku ruhande rumwe hari amazu y'amabati, ku rundi ruhande amamashini yimba arakobeje gusizura ahatabwa ikibanza ca Kingfisher kizoyungururirwamwo ibitoro, gikuru hagati mu burengero bwa Uganda.

Ahahoze ari ibarabara ry'ibivu rigendeka nabi rimanuka muri ico kiyaya, ubu hari iryo ikaburimbo rinyaruka bwa muyaga, rikoreshwa mu gutwara ibikoresho vya nkenerwa.

Hafi y'aho imikuba y'amazi igarukira ku nkengera z'ikiyaga, uwuhagarariye igisata co gukingira ibidukikije ariko arasuzuma ko igifuniko kiri kw'iriba ry'ibitoro kirumuje neza, ata mpwemu zicamwo kandi ata mwuka uhaca ngo usohoke hanze.

Hari icizere ko gushika mu 2025, iza mbere mu ngunguru miriyaridi 1.4 ziteganywa kuhavomwa, zizoba zatanguye kuvanwa muri iryo riba n'ayandi yo muri ako karere.

Mu ntango z'ukwezi, Uganda, n'ikigo c'Ubushinwa 'the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) hamwe n'ico Ubufaransa 'TotalEnergies' vyashize igikumu ku mwumvikano vyise 'Final Investment Decision (FID), intambwe nyamukuru mu nzira yo kuvyaza umusaruro ubutunzi bw'ibitoro na gaze vy'igihugu.

Urwo runani rw'ibigo ruzoshoramwo umutahe wa miriyaridi icumi ($ 10bn) z'amadolari.

Ayo mafranga azokoreshwa mu gushinga ibibanza bizofasha aho ivyo bitoro bizoturuka, hamwe no kwubaka umuringoti uzotwara igitoro kitayunguruye uca mu karere ka Afirika y'Ubuseruko, uzoba ureha na kirometero 1,400 kuva muri Uganda gushika ku kivuko ca Tanga muri Tanzaniya.

Inzuri zarasanganguwe

Ku rindi riba rya Uganda - hafi y'ikiyaga Albert nyene, ariko ku birometero 100 werekeza mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Kingfisher - ibimashini vyiremeka ivu biguma binyuragirikanwa ahazokwubakwa ikibanza c'ibitoro ca 'TotalEnergies'.

Aho niho igitoro kizobanza gutosorerwa kigatandukanywa na gaze, imbere yo kurungikwa aho kizoyungururirwa mu kindi kibanza kiri ku birometero 100.

Ikindi gice kiri ku buringanire bwa hegitari 300, ahahora ari uburagiro, naho haramaze kuringanizwa, inkingi z'umukungugu nizo ubona ziduga mu kirere.

Abantu barenga 600 baramaze guhura n'ingaruka zo kwimurwa aho baba hashizwe ikibanza c'ibitoro.

Ibindi bikorwa, birimwo umuringoti ugemura ivyo bitoro, amariba n'amabarabara, bizogira ingaruka ku bandi baharugwa mu 4000.

Abategetsi bo mu kigo c'abafaransa 'TotalEnergies' bavuga ko ibice 60% vy'abahuye n'izo ngaruka bamaze gushumbushwa ivyabo vyose.

Ntibabaye nka Fausta Tumuhairwe amaze kwimurwa kabiri kose.

Yatanguriye ku guheba igice c'ihegitari kw'itongo ryiwe, kugira atange ikibanza kw'ihinguriro ry'ibitoro, muri 2017, arimugwa ahabwa n'umuzibukiro w'irindi tongo n'inzu.

Mu 2020, igihe yari akimenyera ku birometero bitandatu vy'aho yimutse ava, atera ibitoke n'ikawa, igice c'iryo tongo ryiwe rishasha, kiba kiratanzwe ngo hacishwe umuringoti ujana ibitoro Telanga.

Uwo muvyeyi yirerana abana bane, n'ubu aracarindiriye umuzibukiro kuri ico gice c'itongo ryiwe, ivyo avuga ko yumva umengo "vyaramwambuye umwidegenvyo wiwe".

"Itongo ryanje ni nka banki yanje." Ndarima nkimbura, nkakuramwo amafaranga, nkarihira abana amashure. Sinshobora kuriterako ibimara igihe nk'ikawa mu gihe rimaze gushirwa mu bibanza vyo gukoreramwo [ibikorwa vy'iterambere]".

Ariko si bose batanezerewe - Fidelis Kiiza n'uwundi mugwi w'abantu icenda bo mu Buhumuriro, batanze ibice vy'amatongo yabo ngo hacishwe umuringoti w'ibitoro, uva Kingfisher ku kibanza ca CNOOC uja aho kiyungururirwa.

Hejuru y'umuzibukiro, baranungukiye ku mugambi wo kubafasha gusanasana imibereho yabo.

Yagize ati: "Twaronse ingurube n'isuguru, dufashanya gutereka nk'umugwi … uburyo bwariyongereye. Rero n'ubwo igitoro kitaratangura kwimburwa, turamaze kubona inyungu zimwe zimwe".

Ahahora imihana itengengeye ibigori n'imyumbati, vuba hazoba hasigaye ari ibibanza vy'amahinguriro.

Kandi naho hari abungukiye mu mizibukiro, haracari ibibazo vyo kumenya nimba ihuye n'ubuhombe batewe n'ihungabanywa ry'imibereho yabo.

Hari icizere ko abantu bashobora kwungukira mu buzi buzohavuka.

Hihwejwe itegeko rigenga igisata c'ibitoro, hari ibice 16 bizovukamwo ubuzi, birimwo ubujanye no kwakira no gucumbikira ingenzi, ubuhinga bw'itumatumanako, n'umutekano, bubikiwe abanya Uganda.

Uretse ivyo, ibikorwa vy'iterambere nk'ibarabara rishasha rya kaburimbo, rizofasha abarovyi gushikana amafi bafashe kw'isoko bitabagoye, ndetse n'ibituruka mu mahinguriro y'ibitoro nk'intabire, bizofasha kugwiza umwimbu mu burimyi.

Hari ubwoba bw'ibishobora gupfa ubusa

Ariko hari ikibazo gikomeye co kumenya nimba Uganda nk'igihugu, ishobora kuhungukira, mu gihe ibihugu bitunzi biriko bihindukirira amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza.

Vyafashe imyaka 15 gushika kuri iyi ntambwe, kandi nta gitoro cimirije kuboneka imbere y'iyindi myaka itatu.

Aho ni mu gihe ibintu vyakomeje guhindura isura kw'isi muri rusangi.

Umugwi w'amashirahamwe 50 adaharanira inyungu za politike yo muri Uganda no mu gihugu kibanyi ca Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, yasohoreye rimwe itangazo inyuma y'aho ibigo vy'ibitoro bishiriye igikumu ku mwumvikano bise FID uku kwezi.

Ayo mashirahamwe avuga ko vyari kuba vyiza umutahe woshowe mu bitoro ushizwe mu masoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza atonona ikirere aho kuja "kwunyura ihindagurika ry'ibihe ribangamiye isi"

Hari ubwoba ko ibikorwa bikomakomeye vy'iterambere vyubatswe mu kwitegurira kwimbura ibitoro - nk'ikibuga c'indege gifise ibarabara rya kirometero 3.5 indege yitarizako mu kuguruka canke kwururuka, bishobora kuzopfa ubusa, hamwe ico gikorwa c'umwimbu w'ibitoro kitoshirwa mu ngiro.

"Guhindura amasoko ntanganguvu akoreshwa [bava ku bikomoka ku bitoro] bisaba igihe, hari impungenge z'ubutunzi bushobora kubura uko bukoreshwa, aho umutahe washowe mu bikorwa vyo kwimbura ibitoro, usanga bitazanira inyungu igihugu," ivyo bivugwa na Paul Bagabo, umukuru w'ikigo kijejwe gutunganya ubutunzi kama -'Natural Resource Governance Institute'.

Ariko Proscovia Nabbanja, umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w'ikigo c'ibitoro 'Uganda National Oil Company', avuga ko uyo mugambi ushobora kuvyara inyungu kandi akizeza ko kuri "buri dorari rishowemwo, havamwo inyungu y'ama dorari icumi".

Ati "Sinibaza ko ivyo ari bibi ku butunzi."

Nabbanja asobanura ko ibivugwa n'ibihugu bitunzi vyo kuva ku ikoreshwa ry'ibitoro bakijukira amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza, ari akarenganyo ku bihugu nka Uganda, cari gushobora kuyungukiramwo.

"Muri Afirika duhanganye n'ubukene bw'amasoko ntanganguvu. Ikibazo nyamukuru dufise n'uko dukoresha [ibiti nk'isoko ry'inguvu].

"Muri Uganda dutakaza hegitari 120,000 y'amashamba buri mwaka.

Rero, iyo umuntu akubwiye ngo guhindura amasoko ntanganguvu, womubaza uti, 'guhindura tuva ku yahe tuja ku yahe?'"

N'ubwo ibitoro biri mu yabangamira ibidukikije, Nabbanja avuga ko hari utwigoro dukorwa mu nzira yo kugabanya ingaruka zavyo ku bidukikije.

Ingaruka z'ibitoro ku bidukikije zashikiye Nigeria, zaje ari nk'imburi kandi igihugu ca Uganda caramanishije cane ku bijanye no gushora umutahe mu kwimbura ibitoro.

Hari icizere ko umwimbu w'ibitoro ushobora kuzana amahinduka ku butunzi bw'igihugu, hamwe covomwa imbere y'uko hahindukirirwa amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza, ibisobanura ko kitoba kigitanze inyungu.