Africa ikeneye ko China na US bikorana

Ibihugu cumi n'indwi vya Afrika muri iyi ndwi vyari mu nama y'imisi ibiri ku bijanye no gutsimbataza Demokarasi, inama yari irongowe na Perezida Joe Biden wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ni inama ifatwa ko ari iyo kuganira ku kungene borwanya ubutegetsi bw'agahotoro buriko burafata intera idasanzwe. Abihweza ibintu n'ibindi babona ko yerekana ubudasa buri hagati ya Amerika n'Ubushinwa kuri uyu mugabane.

Iri koraniro rije haciye indwi irenga habaye inama ikorana rimwe mu myaka itatu ku bijanye n'ugufashanya hagati ya Afrika n'Ubushinwa izwi nka Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) yabereye ku mugwa mukuru wa Senegal, Dakar, kwagiye kwiyongera bidasanzwe mu gihe Ubushinwa bwagiye kuba umufatanyabikorwa mukuru kuri uyu mugabane mu bijanye n'ubucuruzi.

Umukuru w'igihugu c'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping yatangaje ko Ubushinwa bugiye gushira imitahe igera ku miriyaridi 40 z'amadorari y'abanyamerika mu migambi y'uburimyi, ubutunzi bwubakiye ku buhinga bwa none, ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kwubaka amahinguriro, hamwe n'incanco zo kurwanya Covid-19 zigera kuri doze umuriyaridi umwe.

W Gyude Moore, umushakashatsi mu kigo Center for Global Development, avuga ati: "Bisa nk'ikinyuranyo c'ivyitezwe, ariko biboneka ko uko igihugu gitsimbataza demokarasi, niko ciyegereza Ubushinwa".

Yongerako ati: "Ikintu nyamukuru Afrika ikeneye ni ibikorwa remezo, igihugu cafashe iya mbere muri ino myaka 20 ni Ubushinwa".

Ibikorwa remezo mu bijanye n'amatora

Muri iryo koraniro rya FOCAC, isanamu y'umushikiranganji wa Sierra Leone ajejwe imigenderanire David John Francis ariko ahereza mugenziwe w'Ubushinwa Wang Yi igicapo cerekana ikiraro c'uburebure bwa kilometero indwi kigisigaje kwubakwa irerekana ingene uruhara rw'Ubushinwa ari kirumara.

Ikiraro ca Lungi gifise agaciro k'imiriyaridi zababa 1.2 z'amadorari y'abanyamerika, gihuza igice c'umugwa mukuru Freetown n'ikibuga c'indege gikuru, kizotanga ubundi buryo bwihuse bwo kwunguruza abantu n'ibintu vyahora bitwara amasaha atari make kandi mu buryo butizewe.

Bamwe mu bihweza ibintu n'ibindi babona ko iki kiraro kizofasha Perezida Julius Maada Bio mu myiyamamazo yiwe yo mu 2023 aho azoba arondera kwitoreza ikindi kiringo, n'aho hari abandi babona ko ata nsiguro gifise ufatiye ku bijanye n'ubutunzi, bakavuga ko amafaranga yakoreshejwe yari gupfuma akoreshwa mu bindi bisata bihanzwe n'ingorane, nk'amashure hamwe n'ikibazo c'abavyeyi bapfa bari kwibaruka.

Muri Gambia, Perezida Adama Barrow aherutse gutsinda amatora abicishije mu guhayagiza ibiraro vyubatswe n'Abashinwa, bigatuma urudandaza n'igihugu kibanyi ca Senegal rutera imbere, mbere aca yemerera abanyagihugu gushira mu ngiro umugambi wo kwubaka ibarabara afashwe mu mugongo n'Abashinwa.

Folashadé Soulé-Kohndou, umushakashatsi wo kuri Kaminuza ya Oxford, avuga ko abanyaporitike ba Afrika akenshi bagendera ku mfashanyo y'ibikorwa remezo itangwa n'Ubushinwa mu gushira mu ngiro ivyo bemereye ababatoye.

Nk'uko bivugwa n'ibanki y'iterambere ya Afrika, uyu mugabane ukenera imiriyaridi ziri hagati ya 130 na 170 z'amadorari y'abanyamerika buri mwaka kugira ngo ushobore gushira mu ngiro ibikorwa remezo, ariko ko ubu hakibuze amafaranga atari make, hagati y'imiriyaridi 68 na 108 z'amadorari y'abanyamerika.

Iki kinogo gishobora kuzibirwa n'umugambi mushasha w'imfashanyo ingana n'imiriyaridi 340 z'amadorari azotangwa n'ishirahamwe ry'ibihugu vya Bulaya mu kurangura ibikorwa remezo, Global Gateway, hamwe n'umugambi wa Amerika uzwi nka Build Back Better (B3W), iyi migambi yompi ikaba iriko irashirwa imbere mu buryo bwo guhangana n'umugambi w'Ubushinwa, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Ariko gushika ubu, iyi migambi ibiri iracari inyuma ugereranije na BRI imaze kwubaka amabarabara, amabarabara y'indarayi n'ibivuko mu mpande zitandukanye z'isi.

'Ubushinwa na Amerika ni bije hamwe'

Umuhinga mu bijanye n'ubudandaji, Francis Mangeni avuga ko vyoba vyiza kuri Afrika ko mu gihe abashaka kuyifasha boshira imbere ugukorera hamwe haguhiganwa.

Ati: "Hakubona nabi Ubushinwa muri Afrika bakarondera guhiganwa no guhangana nabwo canke kubwimba mu mizi, ibindi bihugu vya rutura vyategerezwa kubwunganira".

Ariko yongerako ko ibihugu vya Afrika bitegerezwa kwerekana uruhara rwavyo kugira ngo ibi bikunde.

Hagati aho, Global Gateway na B3W ishobora kwungukira kuri uyu mugambi w'Ubushinwa mu gihe bokwibanda cane ku bijanye n'ubuhinga, bakihutira gushira mu ngiro imigambi, bagashora imitahe hagutanga ingurane, nk'uko umupfasoni Soulé-Kohndou abivuga.

Moore aravyemera, akavuga ko "Afrika ikeneye imfashanyo ziva mu mihingo itandukanye kugira irangure imigambi yayo, rero ni ingorane nziza". Ariko yongerako y'uko Ubushinwa bwubatse imigambi yatwaye uburyo bwinshi ku mugabane, ibi bikazoyituma itorosha ibintu mu bijanye no guhiganwa, cane cane ku makompanyi y'ubwubatsi ya Amerika.

Abona ko Amerika n'Ubushinwa bifise inguvu zitandukanye zishobora gukorana mu kurangura imigambi y'ibikiorwa remezo, iy'amagara y'abantu, indero n'umutekano.

Moore ati: "Amerika ifise umutahe ukomeye w'abakozi. Amashure kaminuza yayo ni yo ya mbere meza kw'isi, vyumvikana rero ko n'ubuvuzi bwifashe neza. Ubushinwa burashobora kwubaka amavuriro n'ibitaro, hanyuma Amerika nayo ikigisha abaganga".

Mu gihe ibiharuro ngereranyo vyerekana ko gushika mu 2050 Afrika izoba ifise abantu bagera ku miriyaridi 2.5, ni ngombwa ko ishira inguvu nyinshi kw'iterambere ry'ubutunzi, imibano na poritike.

Amasezerano ya Afrika yerekeye ubudandaji (Africa Free Continental Trade Agreement, AfCTA), umugambi watangujwe icese mu kwa mbere mu ntumbero yo gukomeza ubudandaji hagati y'ibihugu vya Afrika nyene kuva hasi, aboneka ko ashobora kuyifasha gushika ku ntumbero yayo.

Mangeni avuga ko iciyumviro c'Ubushinwa co gufatanya BRI na AfCTA "gishobora guteza imbere cane ubudandaji ku mugabane no hanze yawo".

Ati: "Ikiguzi c'urudandaza muri Afrika ni co ca mbere kiri ku rugero rwo hejuru kw'isi, aho ukwunguruza ibintu gutwara ibice 90% vy'ikiguzi", akongera ko y'uko "bamwe muri aba banegura Ubushinwa nta co bafashije mu gushira imitahe yabo mu bikorwa remezo".

Perezida Yoweri Museveni wa Uganda, umwe mu bakuru b'ibihugu batatumiwe mw'ikoraniro rya Amerika kuri Demokarasi (US Democracy) - ingingo umushikiranganji w'imigenderanire avuga ko ari "ikosa rinini" - arashima ingene igisata c'abikorera utwabo c'Ubushinwa kiriko kirinjira, akavuga ko abanyamitahe bo mu bihugu vyo mu burengero "bariko baratakaza akayabagu".

Perezida Museveni ni umwe mu murwi w'abategetsi basaba ko ibidandazwa vya Afrika vyokwugururirwa isoko ry'Ubushinwa. Aherutse kwamirira kure amakuru yavuga ko ikibuga c'indege gikuru c'igihugu ciwe kiri mu kwigarurirwa, nk'akarorero ku bisanzwe bivugwa cane ko Ubushinwa buriko bukoresha amadeni bufitiwe n'ibihugu vya Afrika kugira ngo bubite mu mutego.

Ariko iyi migambi yose yagiye ihura n'ingorane z'ibiturire, n'ukudakorera mu muco - ivyatumye ibihugu bimwe bimwe vya Afrika vyisanga vyama mu ntambara yo kuriha amadeni.

'Irinde kwegamira uburengero canke ubuseruko, muhangane na kazoza kanyu'

Abahinga bamwe bafise amakenga ko kubona umugabane udafise poritike rusangi ku Bushinwa ari inzitizi ku nteguro z'imigambi yawo.

"Muri rusangi, Ubushinwa bufise uruhara rudasanzwe nk'umufatanyabikorwa mw'iterambere rya Afrika, ariko kandi Afrika itegerezwa kugira ico ibanje gukora kandi igahagararira imigenderanire yayo n'Ubushinwa", nk'uko vyandikwa na Davice Monyae wo mu kigo Centre for Africa-China Studies kw'ishure kaminuza ya Johannesburg.

Yongerako ati: "Ubushinwa bumaze gusohora ibitabo bitatu vyerekana poritike yabwo muri Afrika kuva mu 2006, ariko Afrika nta poritike yayo irigera isohora ku Bushinwa".

Mu gitabo ciwe China's Second Continent, Howard French arasubiramwo ikiganiro yagiranye n'uwahoze aserukira Ubushinwa muri Zambia ariko arifatira mu gahanga poritike ya Amerika muri Afrika.

Muri ico kiyago, Zhou Yuxiao yavuze ati: "Mwebwe [Amerika] mukoresha abakozi basangwa mbere mukabagira indorerezi ku biro vy'amatora ayo ari yo yose ... hari ibindi? Sindigera mbona ibarabara na rimwe ryubatswe, amashure n'amwe, ibitaro na bimwe ngirakamaro ku banyagihugu, bishobora kuramba, bigafasha abanyagihugu igihe kirekire. Kumbure imfashanyo nyamukuru muha abanyagihugu ni ukubigisha ibijanye n'amatora".

French yandika ko mu vyo yamwishuye, yashizemwo umugambi wa Amerika w'imfashanyo ku barwayi ba SIDA (Emergency Plan for Aids Relief, PEPFAR), utanga imiti yo gupfupfahaza ku mamiriyoni n'amamiriyoni y'abanyagihugu bo kuri uyu mugabane kuva utangujwe mu 2003. Avuga ko ku vyo Zhou yamubwiye vyose ata kindi yongeyeko atari ukwemera gusa.

Imigambi ya Amerika muri Afrika yibanda cane cane ku bijanye n'umutekano n'amagara y'abantu. Umugambi AGOA (African Growth and Opportunity Act), ni wo kandi uha ibidandazwa vya Afrika inzira yo gushika ku masoko ya Amerika.

Ariko Afrika - yose iri hamwe - yategerezwa gutegura inzira yayo, nk'uko uwarwaniye ukwikukira kwa Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah, yahimiriza uyu mugabane "kutagira uruhande wegamiye hagati y'uburengero n'ubuseruko" ariko ihangane na kazoza kayo gusa.

Nk'uko ivyigwa bivyerekana, abanya Afrika benshi bipfuza kuba mu bihugu bitsimbatayemwo demokarasi ibaha uburenganzira, ariko kandi bagashaka ubutegetsi bububakira amabarabara meza, amashure meza, umutekano, amagara meza n'ibindi.

Kugira ngo babishikeko, abategesti ba Afrika bategerezwa gutegura imigambi batanga, hakuba abo gukinirwako muri ino si irangwamwo n'uguhiganwa, nk'uko abahinga babivuga.