Ihindagurika ry'ibihe ni iki: Inzira yoroshe yo kuvyumva
Ubushuhe bw'isi buguma bwiyongera kubera ibikorwa vy'abantu, ubu none ihindagurika ry'ibihe rikaba rigeramiye ibisata vyose vy'ubuzima bw'abantu
Bidakurikiraniwe hafi, abantu n'isi babako bazoshikirwa n'akaga k'ubushuhe , buzotuma uruzuba rwiyongera, inkombe z'amabahari n'ibiyaga zirengerwe gusumba, ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoko n'ibiterwa nabwo buhone. Ibihe biri imbere ntivyoroshe na gato, ariko hari inyishu zishoboka.
Ihindagurika ry'ibihe ni iki?
Ibihe n'ingene ikirere cama cifashe muri rusangi ku myaka myinshi. Ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'ukuba hari ivyahindutse muri uko ibintu biba bisanzwe vyifashe muri rusangi.
Ukwihuta kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe turiko turabona ubu guterwa n'abantu bakoresha ibitoro, umwuka (gaz) n'ibizuku (charbon canke coal) mu mazu, mu mahinguriro no mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu.
Mu gihe ivyo duturira bituruka mu kuzimu biba biriko biraka, birekura imyuka yonona igisenge c'isi - na cane cane gaz carbonique canke carbon dioxide (CO2). Iyo myuka ica itekera ubushuhe bw'izuba igaca ituma ubushuhe bw'isi buduga.
Ubu isi ishushe ku rugero rwa 1,2C (degre celcius) kuruta uko yari ishushe mu kinjana ca 19 - narwo the urugero rwa CO2 mu kirere rukaba rwaduze gushika ku 50%.
Ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe gutegerezwa kuba bukebuke niba dushaka kwirinda ingaruka za mbere mbi cane z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, nk'uko bivugwa n'abahinga. Bavuga ko ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe bw'isi kudategerezwa kurenga 1,5C gushika mu 2100.
Ariko, kiretse hari igikozwe mu maguru masha, isi ishobora kwongera ubushuhe ku rugero rwa 2C gushika mu mpera z'iki kinjana. Ata gikozwe, abahinga bavuga ko ubushuhe bw'isi bushobora kwiyongera ku rugero rwa 4C, ivyo bikaba vyodushikana ku mipfunda y'ubushuhe itari bwigere iboneka, abantu baharurwa muri za miroyoni bagatakaza amazu kubera imyuzure y'amabahari n'ibiyaga, uruzuba rwinshi, n'uguhona kw'ibidukikije mu buryo bitazosubira kubaho.
Ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ni izahe?
Ibihe vy'ubushuhe burenze urugero, ibihuhusi n'uruzuba, bisigaye biza bikaze gusumba, bukageramira ubuzima n'uburyo bwo kubaho.
Hamwe ubushuhe bwokwiyongera, hari intara atawuzoba agishobora kubamwo, kuko aho abantu bahora barima hazoba hahindutse ubugararwa (ubutayu). Mu zindi ntara ho hazoba igihushane, ho hazogwa imvura y'ikirenga itera imyuzure itari bwigere iboneka - nk'uko mu minsi vyashitse mu Bushinwa, mu Budagi, Ububiligi, no muri Hollande.
Abantu bo mu bihugu bikenye bazobabara gusumba kuko badafise uburyo bwo kujana n' ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Mu bihugu bimwe bimwe bikiri mu nzira y'iterambere, imirima isigaye ihura n'ubushuhe burengeje, kandi ivyo bizoguma vyunyuka.
Amabahari yacu n'ibinyabuzima biyabamwo navyo birageramiwe. Akarere k'ibinyabuzima kazwi nka Great Barrier Reef muri Australia, nk'akarorero, kuva mu 1995, kamaze gutakaza ica kabiri c'ibinyabuzima bihazwi cane (corals) kubera ubushuhe bw'amazi bwiyongeye biturutse kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
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Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Imiriro yiyadukiza isigaye ari myinshi gusumba kuko ihindagurika ry;ibihe ryongereza ivyago vyo kwuma no gushuha.
Hanyuma mu gihe aho isi yari isanzwe ari igitandara c'ubukonje iriko irashonga muri Siberie, imyuka yari yarugaraniwe muri ivyo bitandara ica ironka aho imenera igasohoka ikisuka mu kirere ikunyura ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ubwa nyuma, mw'isi ishushe kuruta uko vyahora, ibikoko bizobigora kuronka ivyo birya n'amazi binywa kugira bibeho. Nk'akororero, ibikoko vyitwa ours (canke bears) biba mu mpera (pole) z'izi ahakonje cane, bizopfa mu gihe ibitandara vy'amazi bikenewe cane mu buzima bwavyo biriko birashonga , nazo izomvu bizozigora kuronka ama ritiro 150 gushika ku 300 y'amazi zikenera buri munsi kugira zibeho.
Abahinga bageraranya ko ubwoko 550 bw'ibikoko bushobora guhona muri iki nkinjana, ibitigiri bikaba bishobora kurenga aho hamwe atacokorwa.
Ibice bitandukanye vy'isi bizogirwa ko ingaruka gute?
Ihindagurika ry'ibihe rigira ingaruka zitandukanye mu turere dutankanye tw'isi. Hamwe hazoshuha cane kurusha, ahandi hazoronka imvura nyinshi, ahandi naho hazokwaka uruzuba rwinshi.
Hamwe ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kutogumizwa gushika kuri 1.5C:
- Ubwongereza n'Uburaya bizoba bifise ivyago vyinshi vyo kwugarizwa n'imyuzure kubera imvura irenze urugero
- Ibihugu vyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ( harimwo cane cane ibihugu vy'abarabu) bizohangana n'imipfunda y'ubushuhe, isi yahora ari ndimwa nayo icike ubugaragwa(ubutayu)
- Ibihugu vy'amazinga mu karere ka Pacific bishobora kumirwa kubera urugero rw'amazi ukuduga kw'urugero mu mabahari
- Vyinshi mu bihugu vyo muri Afrika bishoora kwakamwo uruzuba habe n'ubukene bw'ivyo kurya.
- Uruzuba rushobora kwaka cane muri gice c'uburengero bwa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika , mu gihe ibindi bice bishobora guhangana n'ibihuhusi bikaze gusumba
- Australia ishobora guhangana n'umurengera w'ubushuhe n'uruzuba
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Reta ziriko zirakora iki?
Ibihugu vyemera ko guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe bishoboka gusa ari uko ibihugu bikoreye hamwe , mu masezerano mboneka rimwe yabereye i Paris mu 2015 , bikaba vyiyemeje kubadanya utwigoro tw'uko ubushuhe butokwiyongera birenze 1.5C.
Ubwonegereza bwimirije kwakira inama y'abategetsi b'isi , cyataziriwe COP26, mu kwezi kwa 11, aho ibihugu bizomenyesha imigambi yavyo yo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone yo gushika mu 2030.
Ibihugu vyinshi vyariyemeje kwerekeza kuyigabanya gushika ku busa mu 2050, bisigura kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu buryo bwose bushoboka hanyuma iyisigaye nayo igahura n'iyikwegwa ivanwa mu kirere.
Abahinga baremeza ko ibi bishoboka, ariko bivuga ko bisaba ama reta, ibigo vy'imirimo itandukanye n'abantu ku giti cabo guhindura vyinshi.
Abantu ku giti cabo bashobora gukora iki?
Ibikomeye mu bitegerezwa guhinduka bikeneye gukorwa n'ama reta hamwe n'ibigo vy'imirimo itandukanye , ariko abahinga bavuga ko impinduka ntonto mu buzima bwacu zishobora kugabanya ku bihindagurika ku bihe:
- Gabanya ingendo z'indege
- Irinde imodoka canke ukoreshe iyigendeshwa n'umuyagankuba
- Gura ibintu bikoresha inguvu nke, nk'imasjhini zo kumesa, iyo zikenewe gusubirizwa
- Hindura uve ku buryo bwo gushusha inzu ukoresheje gaz, uje ku buryo bwo gukoresha umuyagankuba
- Shira ku nzu yawe ibiyikingira ubushuhe canke imbeho
