Gutera ikiremo ku bwonko bishobora gufasha kuvura akabonge gakabije.

Ikiremo cometswe kw'igufa ry'umutwe, kigahuzwa n'ubwonko hakoreshejwe uduce nsozabwenge, gishobora gukiza akabonge (agahinda) gakabije, nk'uko abashakashatsi bo muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika babibonye ku mugwayi bagikoreshejeko ubwa mbere.

Sarah, afise imyaka 36, amaze umwaka urenga yaratewe ako karemo, akavuga ko kahinduye ubuzima bwiwe.

Ubwo buryo bwo gutera ikiremo ku bwonko bwiwe, bugizwe no gushiramwo ibintu bitandukanye bikwirwa mu kumba kangana n'ikibiriti c'imyampi, bwogereranywa n'imoteri iguma yakije umwanya wose, ariko ikarekura umuyagankuba igihe Sarah abikeneye honyene.

Ubwo buhinga bwanditswe mu kinyamakuru Nature Medicine journal, cibanda ku magara y'abantu.

Abo bashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya California muri San Francisco, bavuga ariko ko hakiri kare cane kwemeza ko, ubwo buryo bwafashije Sarah bushobora gufasha abandi barwayi, bafise akabonge kagoye cane kuvura nka we.

Ariko bafise icizere kandi bateganya ayandi magerageza.

Imihora y'akabonge

Sarah ni we muntu wa mbere ahawe ubwo buvuzi bukiri mw'igeregeza.

Yari yarananiwe n'imiti yikurikiranya mu myaka iheze, irimwo iyo kunywa, igabanya akabonge (anti-depressants), n'ubundi buryo bucishwa mu duce nsozabwenge bukamera nk'umuyagankuba urungitswe mu bwonko, buzwi nka 'ECT' (electroconvulsive therapy).

Gukorwa (kubagwa mu Kinyarwanda) mu gihimba c'umubiri nk'ubwonko bishobora gutera impungenge, ariko Sarah yavuga ko icizere co kuronka icomuha "agahengwe akariko kose", caruta umwijima yari amaze igihe arimwo.

Ati: "Nari narahetuye inzira zose zishoboka zo kuvurwa.

"Mu buzima bwanje bwa minsi yose nakora bike cane. Numva ari nk'aho ndiko mborezwa igufa buri munsi. Si nikoma canke ngo ngire ico nkora namba."

Mu gukorwa kwiwe, binvye utunogo duto mw'igufa ry'umutwe, bashiramwo uduce nsozabwenge duteye bwa muyoboro w'umuyagankuba, dushobora kugenzura ibibera mu bwonko bwiwe canke bigafasha kubukabura.

Agatu karimwo bateri n'imoteri (generator), barakimbiye bagahoma kw'igufa ry'umutwe, munsi y'uruhu n'umushatsi.

Ico gikorwa camaze umunsi wose, bamuteye umuti wo kumusinziriza, vyumvikana ko Sarah ata bwenge bwo kumenya ibiriko bimubako ico gihe cose yari afise.

Sarah avuga ko igihe yagarura ubwenge, azanzamuka yumva ari mu munezero mwinshi.

Ati: "Igihe batsa ubwo buryo, ubuzima bwarahindutse bumera neza ako kanya. Ubuzima bwanje bwaciye busubira kunezera.

"Mu mayinga make cane, ivyiyunviro vyo kwiyahura vyarazimanganye.

"Igihe nari mw'idamba ry'agahinda gakabije, ico nabona conyene vyari ibintu bibi gusa."

Umwaka wose uraheze, kandi Sarah aracameze neza, nta n'ingaruka arumva z'ico kiremo yatewe.

"Ubu buryo bwandinze akabonge nari nfise, butuma nongera kuba wa muntu muzima kandi mwiza ashoboka nk'uko nari kera, nongera kwubaka ubuzima bubereye kubaho."

Ntashobora kumenya canke kwumva ko ico kiremo cunganira ubwonko twokwita 'imoteri igihe irekuye ubutumwa', ariko agira ati: " Mu kiringo c'iminota 15 ndashobora kukubwira nimba yazimye kubera urugero rw'uko numva ubwenge bukabuye, bwiteze ikiba, canke buguwe neza."

Ingene bikora

Dr Katherine Scangos, umushakashatsi akaba n'umuganga w'ibibazo vyo mu bwonko muri kaminuza, avuga ko ubwo buryo bushasha bwo kuvura babutoye bitegereje ahari 'imihora nsozabwenge' (depression circuits) itera ico kibazo c'akabonge mu bwonko bwa Sarah.

Ati: "Twasanze hari ahantu, agace kitwa 'ventral striatum', ahari inkabuzo zaciye zikuraho burundu ivyatuma Sarah yumva akabonge.

"Kandi twasanze hari akandi gace ko munsi ku bwonko kajejwe kwegeranya amakuru, kakarungika ubutumwa bw'inyifato y'amarangamutima kitwa 'amygdala', kashobora kugendereza igihe ibimenyetso vy'ako kabonge bishobora gukara cane."

Abo bashakashatsi bavuga ko hakiri vyinshi bikenewe kumenya kw'ikoreshwa ry'ubwo buryo bwo kuvura akabonge, kugira ngo bamenye nimba bushobora gufasha n'abandi bantu bafise ico kibazo c'agahinda gakabije, kumbure n'ibibazo bindi.

Uburyo bwo kuvugwa bwihariye kuri buri murwayi

Dr Scangos, amaze guha ubwo buryo abandi barwayi babiri akaba yizeye kubushirako n'abandi icenda, yagize ati: "Dukeneye kwihweza ingene iyi mihora ihinduka bivuye ku murwayi, tugasubiramwo kino gikorwa incuro nyinshi.

"Kandi dukeneye kumenya uko uduce ntangakamere twa buri muntu tumutuma kugira ingwara (biomarkers) canke uko imiyoboro y'uduce nsozabwenge two mu bwonko (brain circuit) bihinduka mu gihe umurwayi abandanya akurikiranwa.

"Ntitwari tuzi namba ko tuzoshobora kumuvura kuko akabonge kiwe kari gakabije.

"Rero kubw'ivyo, turanezerewe cane n'ivyo twashitseko. Birakenewe cane mu buvuzi muri kino gihe."

Dr Edward Chang, umuhinga mu gukora ibihimba vyo mu bwonko (neurosurgeon) yashize ico kiremo mu mutwe wa Sarah, yagize ati: "Mu mvugo yumvikana, ibi si ukugaragaza ko ubu buvuzi butagira akanenge.

"Vy'ukuri ni intambwe ya mbere yo kwerekana uko ubwo buryo bukora ku muntu, kandi hakiri vyinshi vyo gukora kuri twebwe nk'abaganga, mu nzira yo kwemeza koko ko ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa nka bumwe mu buvuzi burama."

Professor Jonathan Roiser, umuhinga mu buvuzi bw'ibice nsozabwenge (neuroscience) kuri University College London mu Bwongereza, yagize ati: "N'ubwo ubu buryo bwo gukora abantu bugoye, bukazokoreshwa ku barwayi barenvye cane bafise ibimenyetso bidashobora kuvurwa mu bundi buryo, ni intambwe inezereye cane uravye uko bukabura ubwonko bw'umurwayi.

"Kubera ko bwakoreshejwe ku muntu umwe rudende, kandi ata genzura ku kibazo ciwe, biracakenewe kumenya nimba ibi vyashitsweko bitanga icizere bishobora kwongera kugaragara mu bikorwa bindi vy'igerageza."