Ubutunzi bwa Ethiopia burabangamiwe n'intambara ya Tigray

Intambara y'imbere muri Ethiopia imaze amezi 10, imaze guhitana abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, abaharurwa muri za miriyoni barata izabo abandi na bo bari mu kaga aho bakeneye imfashanyo.

Ariko ivyo si vyo vyonyene imaze kwonona ku gihugu kiza ubugira kabiri mu kubamwo abantu benshi muri Afrika - intambara imaze kwonona vyinshi no mu butunzi, bishobora gufata imyaka n'iyindi kugira bisanurwe.

Ku mugwa mukuru Addis - Ababa, Tigist w'imyaka 26, atashimye ko amazina yiwe yose akoreshwa, avuga ko amafaranga akoresha ku kwezi ku kwezi ubu yigwije na kabiri kubera imvo zibiri: intambara yadutse muri Tigray mu kwezi kwa cumi na rimwe hamwe n'ikiza ca coronavirus.

Avuga ati: "Imbere y'intambara na Covid, nakoresha birr 1.000 (nk'ama dorari 22) buri kwezi mu gusuma ivyo guteka. Ubu nkoresha birr 2.000".

"Ubu ibintu birazimvye gusumba, terefone, impuzu, ivyo kurya."

Ibiharuro vyo kugereranya bitangwa n'inzego za reta vyerekana ko ibiciro vy'ivyankenerwa koko vyaduze muri Ethiopia - muri rusangi mu kwezi kw'indwi vyari ica kane hejuru y'uko vyari bimeze nk'ico gihe nyene mu mwaka uheze.

Tigist akora mw'isoko-duka (supermarket) kugira ashobore gufasha umuryango. Wewe ajejwe gusuma ivyo kurya, musazawe nawe akariha inzu.

Avuga kandi ko ''kuvunja idorari na vyo bitameze neza. Mu mwaka uheze, kw'idorari rimwe ($1) waronka birr 35, ubu uronka 45."

Faisal Roble, umuhinga ari muri Amerika yihweza ibintu n'ibindi na cane cane ivyo mu karere k'ihembe rya Afrika, avuga ko gukoresha amafaranga mu bikorwa vy'intambara bigira "ingaruka mbi ku bushobozi bwa Ethiopia bwo gushikira ama dorari '' bigatuma kandi urugero rwo kuvunja rutituka.

Ntibizwi amafaranga yose intambara imaze gutwara uko angana ariko ikigo citwa Trading Economics kigereranya ko amafaranga aja mu vya gisirikare azoshika kuri miriyoni 502 z'ama dorari gushika mu mpera z'uyu mwaka, mu gihe zari miriyoni 460 mu mwaka uheze.

Mu ndwi iheze umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU Antonio Guterres yavuze ko iyo ntanbara imaze gutwara igihugu umuriyaridi w'ama dorari.

Imbere y'intambara n'ikiza ca coronavirus, ubutunzi bwa Ethiopia bwari mu bunyaruka kwiyongera cane mu karere, bwaduga muri rusangi ku rugero rwa 10% ku mwaka mu myaka 10 yo gushika mu 2019, nk'uko bigereranywa na banki y'isi (Banque Mondiale).

Mu gihe Tigist avuga urugero rwo kuvunja muri banki, Roble avuga ko birr (ifaranga rya Ethiopia) kw'isoko isanzwe ho ryakorotse gusumba, ubu idorari rimwe rikaba rivunjwa birr 67.

Avuga ko abagwizatunga muri ico gihugu ubu imitsi yama yaranze kubera ikibazo c'umutekano mu gihe intambara ubu yarenze imbibe za Tigray ikaba igeze mu ntara bihana imbibe za Afar na Amhara.

Banki zugaye muri Tigray

Intambara yatanguye igihe umugambwe wahora utwara intara ya Tigray, Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) watera amakambi ya gisirikare mu kwezi kwa 11, biturutse ku kutumvikana ku bibazo vya poritike n'umushikiranganji wa mbere, Abiy Ahmed.

Kuva ico gihe, ingabo za Ethiopia - hamwe n'ingabo za Eritrea zibashigikiye, bafatanije n'igipolisi n'utundi tugwi tugendana ibigwanisho, baciye batangura intambara imaze gusesa amaraso menshi, yo kugwanya TPLF.

Impande zompi zimaze kwagirizwa gukora amahano, harimwo gusambanya ku nguvu no kwica ikivunga abanyagihugu basanzwe.

Intara ya Tigray nta vyankenerwa ikironka, harimwo uburyo bwo gutumatumanako hamwe na banki, kuva reta ya Ethiopia ifashe ingingo yo kwugarana iyo ntara mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, inyuma y'aho abagwanyi ba Tigray bigaruriye umugwa mukuru Mekelle.

Abantu 400.000 muri Tigray ubu babayeho nk'abugarijwe n'inzara mu gihe kubashikiriza imfashanyo bigorana cane, umuyagankuba n'ibitoro na vyo bikaba biboneka nabi nabi bigatuma ibiciro biduga.

Filmon Berhane aba muri Mekelle yabwiye BBC mu rurimi rw'igi-Tigrinya ko ibiciro vy'ivyo kurya n'amazu muri iyi minsi vyaduze cane.

Yavuze ati: "Nta mafaranga ahari kuko amabanki yose arugaye, muri reta na ho ntibagitanga imishashara".

Isoko rya terefone ngendanwa ryahaguye

Mu makungu, iyo ntambara yagize ingaruka kw'izina rya Ethiopia nk'igihugu co kujanamwo imitahe nk'uko bivugwa na Irgard Erasamus wo mu kigo ca NKC African Economics.

Madame Erasmus afatira akarorero nko ku gisata c'amaterefone co muri Ethiopia caheruka gushirwa kw'isoko y'abikorera ku giti cabo, aho cari cakweze abanyamitahe benshi barimwo abo muri Afrika y'Epfo nk'igihangange MTN.

Ariko amaherezo kompanyi imwe gusa ni yo yahavuye ihiganirwa rumwe mu mpusha zibiri zari zashizwe kw'isoko, n'urufatanye rw'amakompanyi rurongowe na Safaricom yo muri Kenya ku mafaranga angana na miriyoni 850 y'amadorari.

Abahinga bavuga ko intambara ya Tigray yatumye abanyamitahe bacika intege.

Igitutu co kurangiza intambara

Ukwiyongera kw'ubutunzi bwa Ethiopia muri rusangi uyu mwaka kugereranywa ko kuzogabanuka cane kuva kuri 6% mu 2020 gushika ku 2% mu 2021 - urugero rwa mbere rwo hasi mu myaka hafi 20, ku bw'ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI.

Igihugu kigurira hanze ibintu biciye miriyaridi 14 z'amadorari ku mwaka, mu gihe kigurisha ibiciye imiriyaridi 3,4 z'ama dorari.

Hari n'amakenga ku kwiyongera kw'ideni rya reta ya Ethiopia mu gihugu hagati, aho hari abagereranya ko rizoshika ku miriyaridi 60 z'ama dorari uyu mwaka, hafi y'ibice 70% y'umwimbu rusangi wo muri ico gihugu.

Mu gihe Amerika yafatiye ingingo zimwe zimwe zerekeye impusha zo kuja muri ico gihugu abanye Ethiopia bafise uruhara muri iyo ntambara, kandi ikanahagarika zimwe zimwe mu mfashanyo yaha Ethiopia, gushika ubu amakungu yirinze kuremera cane reta ku bijanye n'ubutunzi, canke ngo ahagarike imigambi y'imfashanyo y'ubutunzi, hafi ica kane c'abanyagihugu babayeho musi y'urugero rw'ubukene, na yo muri rusangi umwimbu w'umunyagihugu ungana n'amadorari 850 ku mwaka.