Ubwirakabiri n'iki, hari ubwoko bwabwo bungahe?

Ubwirakabiri n'ibintu vy'ibitangaza bibera mu kirere . Hararushe mbere haraba n'igisata c'ubukerarugendo co gutunganiriza abashaka kuburaba.

Ubwirakabiri buheruka bwabaye ku wa gatatu itariki 26 ukwezi kwa gatanu mu 2021, bwabaye ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bw'ukwezi bwabonywe muri Asia y'Ubuseruko, Australia, muri Paficifique, no muri Amerika.

Ariko ubwo ni bumwe mu bwoko bw'ubwirakabiri.

Juan Carlos Beamín umuhinga mu vyerekeye inyenyeri zo kw'ijuru mu kigo co kumenyesha ubuhanga (science) kuri kaminuza y'inyenyeri ya Chili, mu gitabo aherutse gusohora ubu vuba "Illustrated Astronomy" avuga ati: "Ku bisanzwe, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ubwirakabiri: ubw'ukwezi n'ubw'izuba.

Ariko yongerako ati: "Hari ubugira gatatu buba burimwo inyenyeri zibiri."

Iyi ni insiguro y'ingene ubwo bwoko butatu bumera hamwe n'ingene bugira itandukaniro:

UBWIRAKABIRI BW'IZUBA

Rimwe na rimwe, iyo ukwezi kuriko kurazunguruka isi, kugendera hagati y'isi n'izuba, kukazibira umuco uva ku zuba gutyo hagaca haba ubwirakabiri bw'izuba.

Mu yandi majambo, icijiji c'ukwezi gifuka isi.

Ariko hari ubwoko butatu bw'ubwirakabiri bw'izuba , ubwo bugatandukanywa n'ingene - n'urugero -ukwezi kuba gukingiriye izuba.

Ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bwuzuye

Ubwirakabiri bwuzuye buba iyo izuba , isi n'ukwezi bitonze umurongo bigatumberana ku buryo ukwezi kuzibira umuco wose.

Mu gihe c'akanya gato, amasekunda makeya (ariko hari igihe haca n'iminota), ijuru ricika umwijima (umukorane) ukagirango habaye mw'ijoro.

Mu majambo ya NASA, "ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bushoboka gusa kw'isi kubera uguhurirana mu kirere": izuba rifise ubwaguke busumba ukwez incuro 400, ariko kandi riri incuro 400 kure.

NASA ibisobanura gutya: "Izo ngero zisigura ko iyo bitonze umurongo neza, ukwezi guca kunyegeza uburinganire bwose bw'izuba, hagaca haba ubwirakabiri bwuzuye bw'izuba."

Umurongo werekana icijiji (igitutu) c'ukwezi ku ntangaro y'isi witwa ''inzira y'ubwuzurane (path of totality)" kandi muri ako karere gato cane niho habonekera uwo mwiza wuzuye.

Ku mpade zompi z'uwo murongo, ku birometero ibihumbi, ubwirakabiri burashobora kuboneka ariko butuzuye. Uko wigirwa kure y'uwo murongo, niko hagabanuka igice c'izuba kiba gikingiriwe n'ukwezi.

Ku vyerekeye igihe bumara, Beamin avuga ko biva "ku buryo isi iba ihagaze uravye izuba, ukwezi uravye isi n'igice c'isi kiba kiri mu mwiza".

Uwo muhinga mu nyenyeri w'umunya-Chili avuga ati : "Ku bisanzwe, igihe kirekire ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bushobora kumara n'iminota 7 n'amasekunda 32."

Ku vyerekeye igarukagaruka, ubwirakabiri ntibushika gake nk'uko woba uvyibaza: bushika rimwe buri mezi 18. Ikiba gake cane n'uko ubwirakabiri bwuzuye busubira kuboneka aho bwari bwabonetse, ibintu bishika ugereranije nko mu myaka 375.

Hazoba ubwirakabiri bwuzuye uyu mwaka itariki 4 z'ukwezi kwa 12 , ariko utari muri Antarctique ntavyo uzobona neza.

Ubwirakabiri bw'impeta

Iyo ukwezi kuri kure cane y'isi hanyuma kukagaragara nk'uko kwabaye "guto kurusha uko gusanzwe", ntiguheza ngo gukingire izuba ryose.

Igice kimeze nk'impeta c'izuba gica kiboneka gikikuje ukwezi, ivyo bica biba ubwirakabiri bw'impeta bw'izuba (eclipse annulaire).

Co kimwe no mu gihe c'ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bwuzuye, mu gihe c'ubwo haraba inzira y'ubwuzurane aho ubwirakabiri buboneka nk'impeta.

Yamara, ku mpande zompi z'iyi nzira, haba akarere katuzuye.

Ku wa 10 ukwezi kwa gatandatu mu 2021, ubwirakabiri bw'impeta buzobonwa mu mpera y'isi mu buraruko mu bice vya Canada, Greenland n'Uburusiya bazobona ubwuzuye, ariko igice kini c'Uburaya, Asia yo hagati n'Ubushinwa bazobona ubwirakabiri bw'igice.

Ku bwa NASA, bene ubwo bwirakabiri nibwo bumara umwanya munini kurusha ubundi, kuko iyo mpeta ishobora kuboneka iminota irenga 10, ariko ku bisanzwe ntibukunda kurenza iminota 5 canke 6.

Ubwirakabiri bw'ubwoko bubiri icarimwe (eclipse hybride)

Beamín asigura ko bene ubwo bwirakabiri ari ibintu biba "iyo ukwezi kuri aho (distance) gushobora gukingira izuba ryose, ariko, uko gukomeza kwunguruza, kumera nk'ukwigirwa kure gato y'isi kugaca kureka gukingira izuba, bigahinduka ubwirakabiri bw'impeta."

Beamín yongerako ati: "Bushobora gutangura nk'ubwirakabiri bw'impeta hanyuma uko bubandanya, bugatera buba ubwirakabiri bwuzuye".

Bene ubwo bwirakabiri buba gake cane (buharurwa kuri 4% y'ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bwose), ku bwa Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (Astrophysique des îles Canaries/Canary Islands Astrophysics), IAC.

NASA yerekana ko ubwanyuma bwabaye mu 2013, ubu tukaba turindiriye itariki 20 ukwezi kwa kane mu 2023 kugira tubone ubundi nk'ubwo, ubwo bukazoboneka muri Indonesia, Australia na Papouasie Nouvelle Guinee.

UBWIRAKABIRI BW'UKWEZI

Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi buba iyo isi igiye hagati y'izuba n'ukwezi, ikazibira umuco. Mu yandi majambo, mu gihe c'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi, ico tubona n'icijiji c'isi cishashe ku ntangaro y'ukwezi.

Ku nsiguro za IAC, "kubona ubwirakabiri bw'izuba bivana n'aho uwuriko araburaba aba atumbereye. Ku bwirakabiri bw'ukwezi, haba igihushane: buboneka ahantu hose kw'isi aho ukwezi kuba kuri hejuru y'ibuheramaso (horizon) mu gihe c'ubwirakabiri.

Izo nsiguro zivuga kandi ko "bitandukanye n'ubwirakabiri bw'izuba, aho igihe co kubona kivana n'aho uwuburaba aba atumbereye kw'isi, ku bwirakabiri bw'ukwezi, ivyo bimera co kimwe ah'ari ho hose uba uburabiye".

Haba kandi ubwoko butatu bw'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi.

Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwuzuye

Mu gihe c'ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwuzuye , ukwezi n'izuba biba biri neza na neza hirya no hino y'isi.

NASA yongerako iti: "N'ubwo ukwezi kuba kuri mu cijiji (igitutu) c'isi, hari umuco w'izuba ushikira ukwezi."

Uwo muco w'izuba uca mu kirere c'isi, gikuramwo imishwarara y'ubururu hafi yose -arico gituma, muri bene ivyo bihe, ukwezi gusa n'ugutukura ari naho kuronkera itazirano ry'Ukwezi kw'Amaraso".

Ku bwa IAC, "kubera isi yacu isi ifise umurambararo (diametre) usumba incuro zine uw'ukwezi, n'icijiji (igitutu) cayo kiragutse gusumba, ari naco gituma ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bushobora kumara iminota 104 (isaha imwe n'iminota 44)".

Neza na neza ivyo nivyo vyabaye kuri uyu wa 26 ukwezi kwa gatanu mu 2021.

Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bw'igice

Bene ubwo bwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bw'igice bushika gusa iyo igice c'ukwezi cinjiye mu cijiji c'isi.

Bivanye n'urugero rw'ukwira kw'ubwo bwirakabiri, icijiji c'agahama kijimye - ariko rimwe na rimwe c'igikugutwa (charcoal grey) - kirashoborta kuboneka kuri ako gace kijimye k'ukwezi.

Ivyo biva ku bihushane hagati y'agace kari mu cijiji n'igice c'ukwezi gifise umuco kiba kitashikiriwe n'icijiji.

Ku bwa NASA mu gihe ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bwuzuye ari ibintu bishika gake, ubw'igice bushika nibura kabiri mu mwaka.

Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bw'igice bukurikira bwitezwe ku wa 18-19 ukwezi kwa 11, bukazobonwa muri Amerika y'uburaruko, hamwe n'ibice vya Buraya na Asia.

Ubwirakabiri bw'ukwezi bita "penombre

Ubu bushika iyo ukwezi guciye mu cijiji kitijimye cane c'isi.

Bituma bene ubwo bwirakabiri bitoroha kubonesha amaso gusa, kuko bivana n'ubunini bw'igice c'ukwezi kiba cinjiye muri ico cijiji kitijimye cane, uko kiba gito niko bigorana kububona.

Ni nayo mpamvu bene ubwo bwirakabiri akenshi usanga butanashirwa mu birangaminsi bigenewe uwo ari we wese uretse abahinga.

UBWIRAKABIRI BW'INYENYERI

Ubwirakabiri bwose ntibwama burimwo izuba n'ukwezi : inyenyeri za kure nazo zishobora kubako ubwirakabiri.

Mu gitabo ciwe "Illustrated Astronomy", usshobora gusanga ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi ku buntu, Beamín asigura ko: "50% y'inyenyeri usanga ziri mu kigwi ca zibiri canke zirenga,

"Kubera ijuru ririmwo inyenyeri nyinshi cane, zimwe muri izo nyenyeri ziba ziri mu kigwi zizunguruka ku buryo zitumberana neza n'isi, gutyo mu nzira yazo yo kuzunguruka, inyenyeri imwe ugasanga iciye imbere y'iyindi. Ikayikingira.

"Izo nyenyeri zigenda zimananye ari zibiri bazita inyeyeri zibiri ziterana ubwirakabiri."