Drone ya Nasa yagurutse kuri Mars ata ngorane

Ikigo kijejwe ibigendajuru co muri Amerika cashoboye kugurura kajugujugu nto ku mubumbe wa Mars ata ngorane.

Iyo ndege itagira umudereva yitwa 'Ingenuity', yagurutse mu kiringo kidashika umunota, ariko ikigo ca Nasa kiri mu kanyamuneza ko kwigina ico bafata nk'iguruka rya mbere rigenzurwa n'indege iri ku wundi mugabane.

Ikivyemeza caciye ku kigendajuru kiri Mars naco gica kikirungika kw'isi.

Ico kigo kijejwe ibigendajuru ciyemeje kurungika izindi ndege mu misi iri imbere.

Iyo drone yajanwe kuri Mars n'ikigendajuru ca Nasa citwa 'Perseverance Rover' cashitse kuri uwo mubumbe utukura mu kwezi kwa kabiri.

'Ingenuity' izogendeshwa hejuru cane kandi ishike kure cane mu gihe abahinga bariko bararondera kumenya aho ubuhinga bwayo bugarukira.

Umukuru w'umugambi wa 'Ingenuity' mu biro bijejwe ubushakashatsi bwa Nasa, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) i Pasadena, muri California, MiMi Aung yavuze ati: "Ubu turashobora kuvuga ko abantu baguruye indege ku wundi mubumbe "

"Twari tumaze igihe kirekire tuvuga ivyerekeye 'Abavukana bitwa Wright' bacu kuri Mars, none raba birashitse".

Aha bashaka kuvuga Wilbur na Orville Wright batwaye indege ya mbere ifise imoteri kandi igenzurwa kw'isi mu 1903.

'Ingenuity' ifise agace gato ka rimwe mu mababa ya Flyer 1, indege yakoze urugendo rutazibagirwa i Kitty Hawk, mu buraruko bwa Carolina, mu myaka irenga 117 iheze.

Hari umunezero mwinshi wo kugwana munda muri JPL igihe ifoto za mbere z'iyo kajugujugu iriko iraguruka zashika kw'isi. Humvikana ijwi rya Dr Aung avuga: "Ni vyo!"

Akomerwa amashi menshi n'abo bakorana, MiMi Aung yatabuye ijambo - ryari kuvugwa iyo iryo geragezwa ritagenda neza.

Iryo geragezwa ryatumye iyo kajugujugu yagurukiye kuri Mars - yiswe Ingenuity - iguruka ku metero 3, igenda ikikamye, irakata hanyuma iruruka. Muri rusangi, yashoboye kuguruka amasegunda 40 kuva ivuye hasi gushika igwe.

Gufata ikirere ku mubumbe wa Mars si ikintu coroshe. Ikirere [atmosphere] kirahwahutse cane cane kuri Mars, ni nka 1% ugereranije n'ingene kiremereye kw'isi. Ibi biha amababa ya kajugujugu ifatiro rito cane ryo kuronka inguvu zo guhaguruka.

Kuba kuri Mars hari inguvu nke zikwega zisubiza hasi birafasha , ariko n'ubundi - bisaba igikorwa kinini co gushobora kuva hasi.

'Ingenuity yakozwe mu buryo buhwahutse cane, ihabwa n'ubushobozi bwo kuzungurutsa amababa yayo ku muvuduko munini cane - nko ku rugero rw'incuro 2.500 ku munota kuri iryo guruka ridasanzwe.

Yiyobora yo nyene. Gushika kuri Mars - hari ibirometero biri musi gato ya miliyoni 300 - bisigura ko ubutumwa bw'iradiyo bufata iminota kugira bujabuke ico kirere kiri hagati. Kuguruka hakoreshejwe akuma bafyonda mu kuyiyobora (joystick) ntawushobora no kuvyibaza.

'Ingenuity' ifise amakamera (camera) abiri igendana.

Kamera ifata amasanamu yera-yirabura (Black-and- white) iraba hasi, ikoreshwa mu kuguruka, hamwe n'iyindi y'amabara (coloour) ibona neza cane, yo iraba ibuheramaso.

Isamanamu y'akarorero yarungitswe kw'isi yerekanye igitutu c'iyo kajugujugu iriko irururuka.

Inyuma yo kugwa kuri Mars mu ntango z'uyu mwaka, ikigendajuru Perseverance rover caciye kija kw'ibarabara rimeze nk'iryo indege ku metero nka 20 uvuye aho cari caguye, kimanura hasi 'Ingenuity' hanyuma vyose vyifata ifoto.

N'igikorwa ca mbere kigenze neza kizotuma haba kugerageza kugurura iyo ndege kandi kane muri iyi misi iza, buri ncuro imwe imwe yose ikazoshikana iyo kajugujugu kure gusumba.

Icizere kihari n'uko iri geragezwa rya mbere rishobora guhindura ingene tumenya ayandi mahanga ya kure.

Indege zitagira abadereva zishobora gukoreshwa mu kuba integuza y'ibindi bigendajuru mbere n'abahinga bagira ingendo ku yindi mibumbe (astronaute) umunsi bashitse kuri Mars.

Nasa iramaze kwemeza urugendo rwa kajugujugu kuri Titan, ukwezi kunini cane kwa Saturn. Urwo rugendo ruzwi kw'izina rya 'Dragonfly', ruzoba kuri Titan hagati y'imyaka ya 2030.