Ibimenyetso byerekana ko igisirikare cya Ethiopia cyakoze ubwicanyi muri Tigray

Inyandiko gusa
Insiguro ya video, Amashusho agaragaza abantu bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare barasa abagabo batitwaje intwaro
    • Umwanditsi, Africa Eye
    • Igikorwa, BBC World Service

Iperereza ry'ishami rya BBC Africa Eye ryavumbuye gihamya y'ubwicanyi mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia bwakozwe n'abo mu gisirikare cya Ethiopia. Rinahishura ahantu nyirizina ubwo bwicanyi ndengakamere bwabereye, bwiciwemo abagabo batari munsi ya 15.

Mu ntangiriro y'uku kwezi kwa gatatu, urukurikirane rwa videwo zabonetse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zerekana abagabo bitwaje intwaro kandi bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare bashorera itsinda ry'abagabo batitwaje intwaro bakabageza ku manga y'umusozi, barasa bamwe muri bo babegereye, ubundi imirambo bayisunikira mu manga.

Abagabo bambaye imyenda ya gisivile bagaragara bicaye hasi, mbere gato yuko ubwicanyi butangira
Insiguro y'isanamu, Abagabo bambaye imyenda ya gisivile bagaragara bicaye hasi, mbere gato yuko ubwicanyi butangira

BBC yemeje ko ubu bwicanyi bwabereye hafi y'umujyi wa Mahbere Dego wo mu karere ka Tigray mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia, aho ingabo za leta zirimo kurwana n'abarwanyi bo mu mutwe w'ishyaka rya Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPFL).

Imirwano yatangiye mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe mu mwaka ushize ubwo leta yatangizaga ibitero bya gisirikare ku mutwe wa TPLF, Minisitiri w'intebe wa Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed awushinja kugaba igitero ku kigo cya gisirikare.

TPLF ntikozwa iby'umuhate wa Bwana Abiy wo kongerera ububasha leta ya Ethiopia, kandi uyu mutwe wavuze ko wiyemeje "kurwana by'igihe kirekire".

Kugeza ubu iyo mirwano imaze gukura mu byabo abantu barenga miliyoni 2, nkuko bitangazwa n'ubutegetsi bw'inzibacyuho (cyangwa bw'imfatakibanza mu Kirundi) bw'akerere ka Tigray, ndetse ituma n'abantu barenga miliyoni 4 ubu bacyeneye imfashanyo.

Ikarita ya Ethiopia

Kwerekana aho amashusho yafatiwe

Itsinda ry'iperereza rya BBC Africa Eye, mu gukorana n'abasesenguzi bo mu bitangazamakuru Bellingcat na Newsy, ryashatse kumenya neza aho ubwicanyi bwabereye.

Abantu ba mbere batangaje amashusho ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bavuze ko yafatiwe hafi y'i Mahbere Dego.

Africa Eye yasesenguye ibiranga ako karere bijyanye n'uko gateye bigaragara muri izo videwo, birimo umuhanda w'igitaka, ahantu h'umurambi (hateze), imanga y'umusozi ifite uko iteye kwihariye, nuko babigereranya n'amashusho y'icyogajuru agaragaza akarere gakikije uwo mujyi.

Ridge
An escarpment with a distinctive profile was used to compare the footage with satellite imagery
Insiguro y'isanamu, Imanga y'umusozi ifite imiterere yihariye yakoreshejwe mu kugereranya amashusho yatangajwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga n'amashusho yafashwe n'icyogajuru
BBC

Icyerekezo n'uburebure bw'igicucu (shadow/ombre) bigaragazwa n'abagabo bitwaje intwaro, byafashije kwerekana igihe cy'umunsi gishoboka ko ari cyo ubwicanyi bwabereye ndetse byerekana ko iyo manga iva mu majyaruguru igana mu majyepfo, bituma Africa Eye imenya aho bishoboka ko ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye.

Nuko umurongo ugaragara hejuru ku musozi urambikwa ku miterere y'ikarita y'ako gace mu kwemeza ko ari ho neza neza byabereye. Aho umugezi unyura humagaye, ibimera, ibiti bihari, na byo byemeje ko koko bihura n'aho byabereye hagaragara mu mashusho.

Footage from one of the video clips was overlaid on a 3D rendering of the terrain to find a match
Insiguro y'isanamu, Amashusho yo muri videwo imwe yashyizwe hejuru y'amashusho yo mu buryo bwa 3D y'ako gace, bigaragara ko bihura neza
Vegetation seen in the footage was matched against the 3D satellite model
Insiguro y'isanamu, Ibimera bigaragara mu mashusho byahujwe n'ibigaragazwa n'amashusho y'icyogajuru yo mu buryo bwa 3D

BBC yavuganye kuri telefone n'umuturage w'i Mahbere Dego, wavuze ko mu kwezi kwa mbere igisirikare cya Ethiopia cyatwaye abagabo 73 kibakuye muri uwo mujyi no mu gace kahakikije, barimo batatu bo mu muryango we. Yavuze ko kuva icyo gihe nta muntu wari wongera kumva amakuru yabo.

BBC yanavuganye n'umuturage wo mu cyaro gituranye n'aho, wavuze ko umuvandimwe we ari umwe mu biciwe mu bwicanyi bugaragazwa n'aya mashusho. Yavuze ko ubwicanyi bwabereye i Mahbere Dego, na we ahuriza kuri uko kwezi: ukwezi kwa mbere mu 2021.

Yagize ati: "Babiciye ku manga".

Gutahura abagabo bitwaje intwaro n'abishwe

Africa Eye ntabwo yashoboye kwemeza imyirondoro y'abagabo bitwaje intwaro bagaragara muri videwo, ariko ibigaragara ku myenda yabo - birimo kuba yijimye ndetse n'icyapa cyo ku kaboko kiri mu ibara ry'ibendera rya Ethiopia - bisa n'ibihura n'ibyo ku myenda y'ingabo za Ethiopia zizwi nka Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF).

Hari n'ibindi bigaragara muri videwo bihura n'imyenda ya ENDF, birimo uko imifuka ikase n'uburyo iteye. Umwe mu bagabo bitwaje intwaro yambaye ingofero y'icyatsi kibisi iriho ikirango gisa n'igihura bya hafi cyane n'ibara ndetse n'ikirango cyo ku ngofero y'ingabo za ENDF.

Camouflage match
Badges in the colour of the Ethiopian flag seen on the armed men in the footage (right) matches those worn by ENDF soldiers (left). The camouflage patterns are also a match
Insiguro y'isanamu, Ibirango byo mu ibara ry'ibendera rya Ethiopia bigaragara ku myambaro y'abagabo bitwaje intwaro bo muri ayo mashusho (iburyo) bihura n'ibyambarwa n'abasirikare ba ENDF (ibumoso). Kuba imyenda yabo yijimye nabyo birahuye
BBC

Abagabo bitwaje intwaro baba bavuga ururimi rwa Amharic, ururimi rw'ibanze ruvugwa muri Ethiopia. Muri videwo ya mbere muri izo videwo eshanu, bumvikana bavugana bahagaze bazengurutse itsinda ry'abagabo batitwaje intwaro, bicaye hasi.

Umwe utagaragara mu mashusho yumvikana agira ati:

"Ntabwo dukwiye kurekura aba bantu. Nta n'umwe muri bo ukwiye gusigara".

Undi yumvikana agira ati: "Tugomba kugaragaza ibi muri videwo, uko aba bantu bapfa".

Videwo enye zikurikiraho zigaragaza abagabo batitwaje intwaro bajyanwa ku manga batunzwe imbunda, zikerekana abagabo bitwaje imbunda bica abo bafunze bagasunikira imirambo yabo mu manga.

Hamwe muri ayo mashusho, hari aho abo bagabo bitwaje imbunda bagaragara barasa imirambo bayegereye. Mu bindi bice, bumvikana batuka banannyega imirambo.

Ijwi ry'umuntu utagaragara mu mashusho ryumvikana rigira riti: "Nifuzaga ko iyo biba bishoboka twari kubamenaho lisansi tukabatwika".

Irindi jwi rikamwikiriza riti: "Byari kuba byiza iyo haba hari lisansi tugatwika aba bantu".

"Tugatwika imirambo yabo nkuko Abahinde babigenza".

Umwirondoro w'abishwe - bagaragara bambaye imyenda ya gisivile - ntabwo uzwi. Bumvikana bavuga ururimi rwa Tigrinya, ruvugwa mu karere ka Tigray. Mu mashusho, abicanyi basa nk'abemera ko abo bishe ari abo muri TPLF.

"Iri ni iherezo rya woyane", nkuko ijwi ry'umwe mu bagabo bitwaje intwaro ryumvikana ribivuga, rikoresheje ijambo ry'igifefeko (slang) rivuga TPLF.

"Nta mpuhwe tubagirira".

Displaced people are seen at the Shire campus of Aksum University, which was turned into a temporary shelter for people displaced by conflict, in the town of Shire, Tigray region, Ethiopia, March 15, 2021.

Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images

Insiguro y'isanamu, Abantu bataye ingo zabo bagaragara aho babaye bacumbikiwe muri Tigray mu kwezi gushize
BBC

Laetitia Bader, ukuriye akarere k'ihembe ry'Afurika mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Human Rights Watch, yabwiye BBC ko ababikurikiranira hafi babonye "urwego rwo hejuru rw'ihohoterwa rikomeye" muri aka karere mu mezi ya vuba ashize, ariko ko aya mashusho "mu buryo bugaragara ahangayikishije by'umwihariko".

Yagize ati: "Twabonye abagaragara ko ari abagabo batitwaje intwaro bafunze, barimo kwicwa".

"Ibi rwose ni ibintu bicyeneye iperereza rirenzeho, kuko ibyo turimo kubona hano muri izi videwo bishobora kuvamo ibyaha byo mu ntambara".

BBC yashyikirije leta ya Ethiopia ibimenyetso yakusanyije, leta isohora itangazo ivuga ko "ibitangazwa n'ibivugirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bidashobora gufatwa nka gihamya".

Leta ya Ethiopia yongeyeho ko akarere ka Tigray "gafunguye ngo amaperereza yigenga akorwe".

Iri perereza ryakozwe na Aliaume Leroy, Giancarlo Fiorella ( wo muri Bellingcat), na Jake Godin (wo muri Newsy).

Ukundi gutara amakuru kwakozwe na Daniel Adamson, Joel Gunter, Chiara Francavilla, Bertram Hill, Carlos Gonzales, Mohammed Osman, na Samir.