Steps in genetic engineering - Higher
The main steps of Process which involves the artificial transfer of genetic information from one donor cell or organism to another.:
- Enzymes are used to isolate the required The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a section of DNA which controls part of a cell's chemistry - particularly protein production., this gene is inserted into a The way in which genetic material is transferred from a donor to a recipient e.g. plasmids and artificial chromosomes. , which is usually a bacterial The small circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in DNA recombinant technology. or a An ultramicroscopic infectious non-cellular organism that can replicate inside the cells of living hosts, with negative consequences..
- The vector inserts the gene into required cells.
- The genes are transferred to animal, plant or microorganism cells, during early development. This allows them to develop with the desired characteristics.
This diagram shows how the genetic engineering of a Single-celled microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants. Singular is bacterium. to produce insulin works:
