The imperfect tenseForming the imperfect tense

The imperfect tense is used to talk about and also describe things that used to happen regularly in the past. Learn how to form sentences using this tense.

Part ofFrenchVerbs and tenses

Forming the imperfect tense

There are three steps to form the imperfect tense of all verbs:

  1. Take the nous form of the present tense, eg: for avoirnous avons
  2. Then drop the nous and the -ons from the end, so that we are left with the stem, eg: av
  3. Finally choose the appropriate subject pronoun (ie the person you are talking about) and add the imperfect endings from the table below:
EnglishSubject pronounMain verb stem, eg: avoirImperfect endings
Ij'avais
you (informal)tuavais
he/she/it (we)il/elle/onavait
wenousavions
you (formal, plural)vousaviez
theyils/ellesavaient
EnglishI
Subject pronounj'
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsais
Englishyou (informal)
Subject pronountu
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsais
Englishhe/she/it (we)
Subject pronounil/elle/on
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsait
Englishwe
Subject pronounnous
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsions
Englishyou (formal, plural)
Subject pronounvous
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsiez
Englishthey
Subject pronounils/elles
Main verb stem, eg: avoirav
Imperfect endingsaient

Here's another example – we want to say "I was watching/I used to watch TV" (regarder = to watch):

  1. Take the nous part of the present tense of regardernous regardons
  2. Remove the ons and remove nousregard (the stem)
  3. Choose a subject pronoun, eg: je regard and add the correct ending from the table below to the stem, eg: je regard + aisje regardais la télévision
Subject pronounEnding for the imperfect
je - Iais
tu - you (informal)ais
il/elle/on - he/she/it (we)ait
nous - weions
vous - you (formal, plural)iez
ils/elles - theyaient
Subject pronounje - I
Ending for the imperfectais
Subject pronountu - you (informal)
Ending for the imperfectais
Subject pronounil/elle/on - he/she/it (we)
Ending for the imperfectait
Subject pronounnous - we
Ending for the imperfections
Subject pronounvous - you (formal, plural)
Ending for the imperfectiez
Subject pronounils/elles - they
Ending for the imperfectaient