National 5

Practical guide: Using hand toolsHand tools: Saws, drills and chisels

In workshops there are a range of common hand tools that can be used when working with different materials.

Part ofDesign and manufactureManufacture assignment

Hand tools: Saws, drills and chisels

There several types of hand tools commonly used in workshops to process and manufacture products.

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A coping saw
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Drill bits
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A mortice chisel
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A wood plane
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A tenon saw
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A hole saw

Saws and files

Tool	Use	Material
Tenon saw	A brass back saw used for precision cuts such as woodwork joints	Wood
Coping saw	A tension saw that is used to cut on the back stroke to cut details and curves	Wood
Hack saw/ Junior hack saw	Tension saws that have replaceable blades	Wood, plastic, metal
Panel saw	A basic rip saw that is used for rough cutting	Wood
File	An abrasive hand tool the removes and shapes materials	Wood, plastic, metal
Abrafile	A saw with a file blade that allows to cut in different directions	Wood, plastic, metal
Rasp	Similar to a file but with bigger teeth. They are rough tool that requires more finishing work	Wood

Tool	Tenon saw
Use	A brass back saw used for precision cuts such as woodwork joints
Material	Wood

Tool	Coping saw
Use	A tension saw that is used to cut on the back stroke to cut details and curves
Material	Wood

Tool	Hack saw/ Junior hack saw
Use	Tension saws that have replaceable blades
Material	Wood, plastic, metal

Tool	Panel saw
Use	A basic rip saw that is used for rough cutting
Material	Wood

Tool	File
Use	An abrasive hand tool the removes and shapes materials
Material	Wood, plastic, metal

Tool	Abrafile
Use	A saw with a file blade that allows to cut in different directions
Material	Wood, plastic, metal

Tool	Rasp
Use	Similar to a file but with bigger teeth. They are rough tool that requires more finishing work
Material	Wood

Drills

Tool	Use	Material
Twist drill	A standard drill bit with two twisted, fluted cutting edges to remove material	Wood
Flat drill	Has a flat face, a pin at the bottom, and two cutting edges. Allows for a flat blind hole to be drill or larger diameter holes to be cut	Wood
Auger	Has a wider twist than a normal drill. It has a screw shaped end point. Not as clean cut as a twist or flat bit. It is used with a hand drill	Wood
Hole saw	Comprised of a twist drill surrounded by a large circular tube with a saw teeth. Allow for larger through-holes to be cut	Wood
Forstner bit	Used for drilling flat bottomed blind holes and is more stable to use than a flat bit	Wood

Tool	Twist drill
Use	A standard drill bit with two twisted, fluted cutting edges to remove material
Material	Wood

Tool	Flat drill
Use	Has a flat face, a pin at the bottom, and two cutting edges. Allows for a flat blind hole to be drill or larger diameter holes to be cut
Material	Wood

Tool	Auger
Use	Has a wider twist than a normal drill. It has a screw shaped end point. Not as clean cut as a twist or flat bit. It is used with a hand drill
Material	Wood

Tool	Hole saw
Use	Comprised of a twist drill surrounded by a large circular tube with a saw teeth. Allow for larger through-holes to be cut
Material	Wood

Tool	Forstner bit
Use	Used for drilling flat bottomed blind holes and is more stable to use than a flat bit
Material	Wood

Chisels, planes, and routers

Tool	Use	Material
Bevel chisel	Has tapered angles that break away excess material away and give access tight corners	Wood
Firmer chisel	Has straight edges for direct chiselling	Wood
Mortice chisel	Designed for impact. Has a metal band called a ferrule on the end to stop the handle from splitting and a rubber support designed to absorb the shock from a mallet	Wood
Skew chisel	A long, flat, bevel-edged chisel with an angled tip used for turning spindles and for creating dovetail joints	Wood
Cold chisel	A hardened chisel used to shear metal	Metal
Plane	A hand tool that removes material and smoothes the surface of wood by removing shavings	Wood
Hand router	Used to create a housing joint. Has a chisel tooth and can be set to a fixed depth	Wood
Surform	Has a surface similar to a food grater. They can quickly shape wood but produce a rough surface	Wood

Tool	Bevel chisel
Use	Has tapered angles that break away excess material away and give access tight corners
Material	Wood

Tool	Firmer chisel
Use	Has straight edges for direct chiselling
Material	Wood

Tool	Mortice chisel
Use	Designed for impact. Has a metal band called a ferrule on the end to stop the handle from splitting and a rubber support designed to absorb the shock from a mallet
Material	Wood

Tool	Skew chisel
Use	A long, flat, bevel-edged chisel with an angled tip used for turning spindles and for creating dovetail joints
Material	Wood

Tool	Cold chisel
Use	A hardened chisel used to shear metal
Material	Metal

Tool	Plane
Use	A hand tool that removes material and smoothes the surface of wood by removing shavings
Material	Wood

Tool	Hand router
Use	Used to create a housing joint. Has a chisel tooth and can be set to a fixed depth
Material	Wood

Tool	Surform
Use	Has a surface similar to a food grater. They can quickly shape wood but produce a rough surface
Material	Wood

Hand tools: Hammers, fixing and cutting

Using hand tools

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