Venezuela; History of Advent; Tom Stoppard

Amid the prospect of an imminent US strike on Venezuela, we look at how a once overwhelmingly Catholic country has seen its evangelical population surge from just 4% in the 1970s to nearly 30% today. This religious shift is unfolding as President Nicolás Maduro faces international rejection of his 2024 victory and mounting pressure from Donald Trump’s White House. William Crawley speaks to Dr Fernando Mora, an academic and former pastor who has spent years studying the rise of Evangelicalism in Venezuela.

On the Second Sunday of Advent, we explore the season’s history. Advent calendars are just one of many traditions that have emerged – and evolved – over centuries in connection with this annual liturgical journey. To guide us through that story, the Sunday programme speaks to Dr Colin Donnelly, Associate Professor in Reformation and Early Modern Christianities at Oxford.

Following the death of Sir Tom Stoppard at the age of 88, we look back at a writer celebrated for incisive wit, emotional depth, empathy and generosity, and for the technical brilliance with which he built imaginative worlds on stage. Stoppard only discovered his Jewish heritage at the age of 55, learning at the same time that all four of his grandparents, and much of his wider family, were murdered in Nazi concentration camps. To understand how that discovery shaped his life and work, we turn to one of his biographers, Ira Nadel, author of Double Act: The Life of Tom Stoppard.

Correction: In the introduction to the last item in the programme, we mentioned the widely quoted figure of more than 7,000 Christians having been killed in Nigeria in 2025. The BBC independently added up the number of deaths from the 70 reports this year and has in fact found that the total was around 3,000 deaths.

Presenter: William Crawley
Producers: Bara'atu Ibrahim & Katy Booth
Studio Managers: Lynsey Akehurst & Sam Biddle
Editor: Rajeev Gupta