 | VOCABULARY son - syn
Italian - włoski, Włoch
engineer - inżynier
to take French citizenship - przyjąć obywatelstwo francuskie
to be born - urodzić się
to start - zacząć, rozpocząć
career - kariera
to work - pracować
publisher - wydawca, firma wydawnicza
to practise as a journalist - uprawiać dziennikarstwo
novelist - powieściopisarz
leading figure - czołowa postać
naturalism - naturalizm
Rougon- Macquart novels - cykl powieści Rougon-Macquartowie
novel - powieść (NIE: nowela)
epic - epopeja, epicki
twenty volume survey - dwudziesto tomowa (tu:) panorama społeczna
the late nineteenth century - końcowe lata XIX wieku
seen through - widziane przez
respective - oddzielny, osobny, odrębny
fortune - tu: los, dzieje
family - rodzina
to risk - ryzykować, postawić na szalę
literary career - kariera literacka
reputation - reputacja
in the late 1890s - pod koniec lat dziewięćdziesiątych (XIX wieku)
Dreyfus case - sprawa/afera Dreyfusa
Jewish - żydowski, żydowskiego pochodzenia
army officer - oficer armii, wojska
wrongly accused - niesłusznie oskarżony
treason - zdrada stanu
to imprison - uwięzić
Devil's Island - Diabelska Wyspa (w Gujanie)
to split - podzielić
Dreyfusards - tu: zwolennicy Dreyfusa
impassioned - żarliwy, gorący
eloquent - elokwentny, przekonywujący
supporter - zwolennik, sympatyk
to publish - opublikować
open letter - list otwarty
neswpaper - gazeta
to attack - atakować
military authorities - władze wojskowe
government - rząd |
Lesson 39
Emile ZolaThe son of an Italian engineer who had taken French citizenship, Emile Zola was born in Paris in 1840 and started his career working for a publisher and practising as a journalist.
As a novelist, he became the leading figure in French naturalism and his Rougon-Macquart novels form an epic, twenty volume survey of the late nineteenth century, seen through the respective fortunes of two families.
Zola risked his literary career and reputation in the late 1890s when the Dreyfus case, in which a Jewish army officer was wrongly accused of treason and imprisoned on Devil's Island, split France into Dreyfusards and anti-Dreyfusards.
Zola became one of the most impassioned and eloquent of Dreyfus's supporters and published an open letter in a newspaper attacking the military authorities and the French government.
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