What does this mean for Nepal’s political struggles?published at 08:04 GMT

08:04 GMT

Amish Raj Mulmi
Analyst based in Kathmandu

Image source, Getty Images

Firstly, the victory of several women candidates - by large margins - will give impetus to the discourse around gender equality, but will need to be translated into action before one can say women are represented equally in Nepali politics.

Secondly, Communism has been the ideology of choice for historically marginalised groups, but communist parties have never delivered on their promises. This verdict is a historic loss for the ideology, and the question now is will they be able to recover from here on out? If not, this election may mark the demise of communism in Nepal.

Third, the focus on better governance and anti-corruption by the RSP suggests the party sees economic reforms and growth as critical to both social and political uplifting of marginalised groups, a contrast to earlier parties which promised political representation as the panacea to marginalisation.

For now, hope has once again returned to Nepal. September’s protests and the killings of youths, the widescale rioting and destruction, and the ensuing political morass meant Nepal’s democracy itself was in danger.

The election and its results are a timely reminder that Nepal’s sovereignty democracy rests with its people, who have delivered a thumping message of optimism at the ballot box.

The RSP goes into government with high expectations, but they will be watched closely. If the party begins to behave like older parties did, it will once again raise questions about Nepal’s fragile republic. The onus is now on them to ensure this doesn’t happen.

The BBC's Azadeh Moshiri was at the RSP's headquarters earlier, where things appeared quiet despite the party firmly on track to win the election.

As of this morning, results for 164 of the 165 First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) seats have been announced, while counting for the proportional representation (PR) seats is still underway.

According to the Election Commission, 10,347,143 PR votes had been counted, with 500,000 to 600,000 more votes remaining to be tallied.

Suman Ghimire, an information officer at the Election Commission, said vote counting would be finished by Tuesday evening local time, and it will take at least four days for the commission to formally declare the final results.

Image source, Getty Images

As we reported earlier, Nepal's unfinished parliament building has been an issue as construction is behind schedule.

But for the new MPs' oath-taking ceremony and opening day meetings, which is expected in a few weeks, a conference hall in the building should be ready for use, BBC Nepali reports.

Construction scaffolding and cranes can still be seen around the unfinished building as the RSP's Balendra Shah heads to a landslide win.

The old parliament building was damaged by fire during last year's Gen Z protests.

The RSP looks like it is headed towards a two thirds majority in the election.

It so far has 125 of the 165 seats determined by direct voting as well as possibly 58 of the 110 seats decided by proportional representation.

A two thirds majority requires 184 seats, which means the party may only be short of this figure by one seat.

Conversation has now turned to whether this "super majority" means the party will be able to change the constiution - it had promised to make several changes to the constitution, including to the country's federal structure and the way it elects its leaders.

But the truth is, it cannot do much to change the constitution as yet.

The main reason for this is that the RSP has won the elections held for the lower house of parliament.

The other house, known as the National Assembly, is elected separately through an electoral college comprising members of the provincial assemblies and local-level governments within each province - and not through a popular vote.

Changing the constitution requires a two thirds majority in both houses of parliament - which the RSP currently does not have.

Over the weekend, RSP supporters across the country celebrated their candidates' victories. Here are some images capturing those moments.

Image source, NurPhoto via Getty Images

Image source, NurPhoto via Getty Images

Image source, Getty Images

Image source, LightRocket via Getty Images

Image source, EPA

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has congratulated RSP party leaders for their election win.

Modi said Monday that he had "warm telephone conversations" with Balendra Shah, the rapper-turned-politician who is tipped to lead Nepal after RSP is expected to win a two-thirds majority in parliament.

Modi also spoke with RSP chairman Rabi Lamichhane, congratulating both leaders “on their electoral victories and RSP’s resounding success in the Nepal elections,” according to a statement.

We are resuming our live page coverage of the Nepal election results. Just to recap, the party of rapper and ex-Kathmandu mayor Balendra Shah is on course to secure a two-thirds majority in the election.

The Rastriya Swatantra Party currently has won 125 of the 165 seats decided by first past by the post voting. It is also likely to capture at least 58 of the 100 seats allocated through proportional representation, according to BBC Nepali's calculations based on the election commission's latest data and formula.

This means the RSP could be just one seat short of reaching the two-thirds threshold.

If it does manage to get the two-thirds supermajority, this will mark the first time in decades that a single party has done that.

Stay with us as we bring you the latest.

Image source, Getty Images

Former rapper Balendra Shah's party is on track for a landslide victory during following last week's elections in Nepal.

It was announced on Saturday that Shah, 35, had unseated four-time prime minister KP Sharma Oli in Jhapa 5, a traditionally safe constituency for the 74-year-old's Communist Party of Nepal (UML).

But his was not the only victory for his Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP).

These elections will choose 275 new representatives for Nepal's lower house of parliament. Unlike parliamentary elections in countries like the UK, 165 of the seats are chosen directly while 110 are chosen by proportional representation (when seats in parliament correspond to total votes for each party).

Not all results are in yet, but so far Shah's RSP has won 125 of the 165 direct-vote seats, and 58 of the 110 proportional representation seats.

In contrast, Oli's party won eight of the direct-vote seats and 16 of the proportional representation seats at time of writing. A spokesman for the party called results "unexpected".

But a sweeping verdict translates into high expectations, as people in Nepal look for solutions for their frustration and exhaustion, analyst Amish Raj Mulmi writes.

We're pausing our live page here for today. If you would like to read more on this story - we've got you covered:

• The BBC's South Asia correspondent, Azadeh Moshiri, explains the backdrop to Nepal's Gen Z election
• A rap star turned politician may become Nepal's next PM - here's what we know about Balendra (popularly known as Balen) Shah

Azadeh Moshiri
South Asia Correspondent

It’s a grey day in Kathmandu and eerily quiet for such an historic moment.

We’re at the RSP headquarters, and it’s practically empty.

That’s because the party has requested no celebrations, no big parades for their apparent landslide victory.

These elections only happened because of the Gen Z protests in September. In remembrance of the 77 people who died - many of them young protesters shot by police - the party has asked for a solemn start to this new political era.

The decision won’t stop some jubilant crowds from gathering across Nepal, but it isn’t the festive atmosphere you’d expect in the capital.

What's next for Oli and his party?published at 10:57 GMT 9 March

10:57 GMT 9 March

Phanindra Dahal
BBC Nepali, Kathmandu

Image source, NurPhoto

Until recently, former prime minister and CPN-UML leader K P Sharma Oli was saying he would remain active in politics for another two decades.

The 74-year-old political leader has been a key political figure in Nepal since 1990, becoming prime minister four times.

But his defeat and the party’s worst performance in the parliamentary elections now has raised serious questions over his leadership.

UML senior leaders have told BBC Nepali that they would make a "brutal review" and assess what went wrong.

Many leaders are saying that they are even ready to reorganise the party leadership, if required.

CPN UML vice-chairman Raghuji Panta told BBC Nepali: "In the parliamentary system, there are many instances in which the prime ministerial candidate or a party leader resigns in the case of failure to secure desired outcome.

"Our own party leader Madhav Kumar Nepal had resigned when our party did not get a satisfactory result in the 2008 Constituent Assembly elections.

"I think it will be better if the party chairman takes a decision for himself regarding his future."

But political analyst Rajendra Maharjan said he does not believe that Oli will voluntarily resign.

"If the UML wants to revive itself the party needs a serious transformation. I don't see that happening under Oli," he said.

"The UML has no option other than to reorganise the party. If they don't do so, they will have a similar fate as the communist parties in west Bengal."

Phanindra Dahal
BBC Nepali, Kathmandu

As we reported earlier, Nepal's new parliament building is still being built - although officials have said they are hopeful it will be available to conduct House sessions by the end of this month.

Ananta Prasad Koirala, the assistant spokesperson of the Parliament Secretariat, told BBC Nepali that the Ministry of Urban Development and the construction team had "made a commitment to handover a multipurpose hall and an assembly hall by 28 March".

Koirala said they have been told that nearly 90% of the construction has been completed. “We plan to use rooms that are now in the nearby parliament secretariat premise to carry out our routine work. Only the House sessions will be conducted from the [new building].”

Construction of the new parliament building started seven years ago. It will house both bicameral legislatures, the office of the secretariat and the office of the parliamentary parties.

The new building was expected to be completed about three years ago, but officials said the contractor blamed the Covid-19 pandemic among other factors for the delay, receiving six deadline extensions.

Angry protesters burnt down Nepal’s previous parliament building that operated from a hired Chinese-built convention centre during the Gen Z protests last September.

Since then the 59-member Upper House, known as the National Assembly, has convened its sittings in a hall inside the Parliament Secretariat located at Singhadurbar, the country’s administrative centre.

Azadeh Moshiri
South Asia Correspondent

“Many Nepalis, including me, are very happy about this,” 40-year-old Raghunath Neupane told me. “I’m feeling very optimistic."

Raghunath said seeing Balen Shah and the RSP on track to win a two-thirds majority has given him hope that Nepal will be steered by a more stable government than the fragile coalitions of the past.

“I feel Balen is capable of eradicating corruption and moving the economy forward,” he said.

But Raghunath does have some concerns.

As mayor, Balen was criticised by rights groups of using the police against street vendors in a heavy-handed manner, as he worked to keep roads clear in the capital and crack down on unlicensed businesses. Shah's campaign has not responded to the BBC’s request for comment.

Despite feeling hopeful about the result, Raghunath would like to see Balen “control the aggression” in these alleged tactics and offer a public explanation.

Rejection at ballot box presents opportunities for Nepal's old partiespublished at 09:31 GMT 9 March

09:31 GMT 9 March

Amish Raj Mulmi
Analyst based in Kathmandu

Image source, Getty Images

The primary message of Balendra Shah's party has been good governance and no corruption, and that they represent alternative politics. The RSP gave a clear message that they are not like the old parties.

A fatigue had set in Nepali politics because of the constant machinations of the three major parties and the party systems, with very little incentive to reform or an alternative to choose from.

This election's results could be seen as a vote against the old parties. The low turnout and high numbers for RSP suggests supporters of the old parties did not turn up at the polling booth.

For the older parties, this result could bring absolute changes to their politics and organisational structures. But it will be difficult for them to regain the trust of the people, particularly the younger Nepalis.

Nepali parties have survived worse vicissitudes, not least the three-decade-long royal autocracy and a civil war. Here is a moment for the older parties to return to the roots of the ideologies and methods to introspect about what delivered them to power over and over again - and why they were rejected this time.

Young Nepalese gain foothold in parliamentpublished at 08:55 GMT 9 March

08:55 GMT 9 March

Keshav Koirala
BBC Nepali

In the wake of the Gen Z protests, one significant development in the latest elections is that 12 candidates aged 30 and below have secured seats in the House of Representatives through the first past the post system.

Eleven are from the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP) that is on the verge of bagging a landslide victory in the elections. One is from the newly formed Shram Sanskriti Party.

The RSP's Prashanta Uprety, 25, stands out as the youngest member of the newly elected House.

Two prominent women have also successfully transitioned from party-nominated seats to direct public mandates: Nisha Dangi, 29, and Shovita Gautam, 29. Both have now been re-elected through direct votes, effectively solidifying their grassroots support.

The election also produced notable "giant-killers," such as 28-year-old Sulabh Kharel, who defeated veteran CPN-UML leader and former minister Bishnu Paudel by a wide margin. He is joined by forrmer minister Bablu Gupta, 28, who resigned from the interim government specifically to contest these elections.

Other victors include Ranju Neupane, Shivashankar Yadav and Ramjee Yadav, all aged 30. Neupane’s journey is particularly symbolic, having balanced her campaign with new motherhood. She first gained national prominence as a college student in 2017 during her run for mayor of Kathmandu with Bibeksheel Nepali, an activist group that pioneered youth socio-political awareness in the country.

This youth surge is expected to expand even further once the final proportional representation results for the remaining seats are declared, with additional young leaders from the RSP anticipated to join the legislature.

Image source, Rashtriya Samachar Samiti

Image source, Getty Images

Of the over 3,400 candidates in this poll, more than a third were independent.

There were five independent MPs in the previous parliament. But this time, only one independent candidate has won.

Mahabir Pun, who recently served as the minister for Education, Science, and Technology in the interim government, clinched a dominant victory with 22,850 votes in the Myagdi-1 constituency, according to the Election Commission.

He received support from the RSP, although the party's own candidate had not formally withdrawn from the race.

The Rastriya Swatantra Party will be celebrating their big win, but expectations on them are high.

The BBC's Azadeh Moshiri breaks down some of the most important things they will need to get to once they start governing Nepal.

Rajneesh Bhandari
BBC News

Image source, BBC/Rajneesh Bhandari

Raju Kumar Lamichhane, a 33-year-old from the Makwanpur district, spoke to me at the Tribhuvan International Airport, as he was leaving to work in South Korea after participating in the recent election.

“Everyone feels like they wish they could work in their own country; it's not just me. Even if it couldn't happen for me, I hope the next generation won't have to leave like this,” he says, bidding goodbye to his family members.

Driven by a lack of domestic jobs, around 2,000 people migrate daily from Nepal, and remittances make up over a quarter of Nepal's GDP.

Raju hopes the new government will open up closed factories and create new employment opportunities.

“No one from the lower economic class should have to go abroad. Those seeking bigger opportunities will go anyway - that’s a different matter - but no one should have to leave the country just for basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing,” he says.

Of the 275 parliamentary seats up for grabs in this election, 184 are required to secure a two-thirds majority.

Balendra Shah's RSP has won 124 of the 165 seats decided by direct voting, as well as 58 of the 110 seats allocated through proportional representation. This means the party is now just two seats short of that threshold.

If it does manage the feat, this will mark the first time in decades that a single party has done that.

Nepal's dual voting system means it is difficult for any one party to win a simple majority, let alone a two-thirds one.

Image source, Getty Images

The party of rapper-turned-mayor Balendra Shah has crushed Nepal's old guard in parliamentary election.

The RSP's landslide victory shows that the issues raised by Gen Z in last year's protests - corruption, inequality and a revolving door of elite rules - has resonated across generations, analysts say.

Here is what you need to know:

• Shah's Rastriya Swatantra Party is on track to win a two-thirds majority, positioning the ex-mayor of Kathmandu to be the country's next prime minister
• Shah has also defeated former prime minister KP Sharma Oli in Japha 5 constituency while another RSP candidate beat Nepali Congress president, Gagan Thapa, in Sarlahi 4
• There's one member of Nepal's old guard who managed to win their seat - Maoist leader-turned-prime minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal also known as Prachanda
• It's a seismic moment in Nepali politics that gives new hope for youth protesters who marched to Kathmandu last September, writes our South Asia correspondent Azadeh Moshiri
• Shah's supporters have taken to the streets to celebrate, ringing bells - the RSP's election symbol
• For older politicians, the rejection by voters is a chance to return to the roots of their ideologies and think about what delivered them to power before, writes Kathmandu-based analyst Amish Raj Mulmi
• Full results are expected soon. However, there is one problem - the new parliament building is unfinished and the old one was damaged by fire during the protests