Learning English

• Which prefix: 'out-' or 'over-'?
• Fast, quick or quickly?
• Peek, peak or pique?

This week's question

What do 'whatsoever', 'whatever' and 'whichever' mean? - Maruf in Bangladesh 

Answer this

What effect does adding -ever to a question word have?

Language points

Question word + ever

Adding '-ever' to a question word (e.g. who, when, where, how, what, which) generally gives them one of two meanings:

1. Any (who, when, where, how, what, which) at all
2. It doesn't matter (who, when, where, how, what, which)

Any at all: whatever
Whatever can mean 'anything and everything'.

• I can eat whatever I like and I don't put on weight.

Any at all: whichever
Whichever can mean 'any of the available options'.

• Whichever team wins, it's still going to be a great match.

It doesn't matter: whatever
Whatever can mean 'it doesn't matter what'.

• Whatever weather comes, we're going to the party.

It doesn't matter: whichever
Whichever can mean 'it doesn't matter which'.

• The journey takes an hour whichever way you go.

Short answers
Whatever and whichever are commonly used as short answers.

• A: What do you want for dinner?       B: Oh, whatever.
• A: Do you want tea or coffee?       B: Whichever is easier for you

Whatever: contempt
Whatever can also be used as a short answer to show contempt or rebellion. This could be a common response from a teenager to their parent!

• Parent: You're going upstairs right now to clean up your bedroom! Teenager: Whatever!

Whatever: emphasis
Whatever can also e used as a form of emphasis instead of 'what' to show surprise, shock or other strong emotions.

• Whatever are you doing!? You're going to crash the car!

Whatsoever
Whatsoever is most commonly used for emphasis as an adverb at the end of negative sentences. Common collocations are: nothing whatsoever, none whatsoever or no (X) whatsoever.

• I have no doubts whatsoever that she is the best person for the job.

The answer

Adding -ever to a question word has one of two effects: 'Any (who, when, where, how, what, which) at all' or
'It doesn't matter (who, when, where, how, what, which)'

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