Tejali
नमस्कार मित्रांनो, समजा मी तुम्हाला सांगितलं की मधमाशांसाठी गावापेक्षा शहरं जास्त योग्या आहेत तर! आश्चर्य वाटलं ना. अहो लंडन युनिव्हार्सिटीत  झालेल्या संशोधनातून असा निष्कर्ष निघाला की शहरात वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारच्या वनस्पती असतात आणि विविध वनस्पती वर्षभर उपलब्ध असतात. हे मधमाशांसाठी चांगल असत.   मी तेजाली आणि हे आहे English together. या भागात आपण ‘pre’. बद्दल जाणून घेऊ. त्याचा वापर किती आणि कशा प्रकारे केला यतो ते या संवादातून तुमच्या लक्षात येईल.

James
So, bees and their hives are more successful in urban than rural areas, which is quite surprising!

Sam
A little, yes. You’d think the pollution in cities would affect bee populations.

James
Yes, that’s a preconception that many people have.

Sam
A preconception? That’s an idea or opinion you already have before you learn the truth, isn’t it!

James
Indeed! However, we need to take precautions now, otherwise pollution will most likely start to affect bee populations in other ways.

Sam
A precaution – that’s an action you take to prevent something bad from happening.

James
That’s right – and we need to take precautions before further increases in temperature cause plants to die before they are supposed to, or die ‘prematurely’, and therefore reduce the pollen available for bees to collect.

Sam
This is only a preview of what could happen if nothing is done to prevent climate change. A ‘preview’ shows us something before it happens.

James
And since bees are a requisite for plant life…

Sam
Actually, they’re a ‘prerequisite’ – you need bees before you can have plants.

James
That’s very true – bees are needed for plants to grow. And since bees are this important to plants, it is essential we take more precautions to protect them. They might be more successful in cities, but I think we need to prevent the environment from getting even worse if we want to protect bees.

Tejali
प्रदूषणामुळे मधमाशांच्या संख्येवर परिणाम होतो. या परिणामाबद्दल यात चर्चा केली आहे. यात pre हे prefix बऱ्याच वेळा आला आहे. prefix म्हणजे उपसर्ग जेव्हा शब्दासोबत हे prefix वापरतात तेव्हा शब्दाचा अर्थ बदलतो.  Pre चा अर्थ आहे च्या आधी, अगोदर. या एकाच शब्दाच्या वापराने तुम्ही वेगवेगळ्या अर्थाचे अनेक शब्द बनवू शकता आणि तुमचा शब्दसंचय वाढवू शकता.   

दुसर म्हणजे शब्दाची रचना, त्याचे भाग समजून घेण. मूळ शब्द, त्याला लागलेला प्रत्यय किंवा उपसर्ग यातूनही भाषा समजून घेण्यास आणि शब्दसंग्रह वाढण्यास मदत होते.

चला आता परत चर्चेकडे वळू. जगभरातली वेगवेगळी शहर हवेतील प्रदूषण करण्यासाठी प्रयत्नशील आहेत. यात ‘pre’ ने सुरू झालेल्या शब्दांकडे लक्ष द्या. .

James
So can anything be done to protect bees and reduce pollution, or is it all predetermined?

Sam
Of course it isn’t predetermined – it can be prevented. There’s lots that can be done - here in London, for example, companies are building ‘vertical gardens’. These are plants that are grown on the side of buildings which help remove pollution out of the air.

James
That’s a great precaution to take! Another example in London is the congestion charge.

Sam
That’s right - people who drive into London now have to pay a fee. This has reduced the number of cars on the road, as people don’t want to pay a charge.

James
And in China, they are pre-testing a building that will improve air quality by removing pollution from the air in a four mile radius.

Sam
I’ve heard of a similar project in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands. It’s similar to the building in China, but on a smaller scale. This project came before – it ‘pre-dates’ – the Chinese one.

James
Reducing pollution back to a pre-industrial world – a world before there was any industry - is an exceptionally difficult task, perhaps even impossible, but with innovations like these, we can improve air quality and save bee populations.

Tejali
Thanks Sam and James. तर आज आपण शिकलो कि एखाद्या शब्दाला ‘pre’ लावून ‘त्याच्या आधी’ अशा अर्थाचे शब्द बनवू शकतो. उदा, caution चं झालं precaution, किंवा requisite चं prerequisite. Thanks for joining us for this week’s English Together. पुन्हा भेटू पुढच्या भागात. bye.