Yadda mayaƙa ke inganta salon kai hari da jirage marasa matuƙa a Najeriya da wasu ƙasashen
Asalin hoton, NurPhoto via Getty Images
- Marubuci, Makuochi Okafor
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC Africa
- Aiko rahoto daga, Lagos
- Lokacin karatu: Minti 5
Ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi na ƙara yawan hare-haren da suke kaiwa ta hanyar amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa a Najeriya da ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka.
Wannan na ƙara damuwar da ake da ita ta cewa mayaƙan na ƙara ƙarfi wajen samun damar kai hare-hare ta sama.
Wata cibiyar nazari kan matsalar tsaro mai suna Acled, ta ƙirga lokuta 69 da ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da al-Qaeda suka kai farmaki da jirage marasa matuƙa a Burkin Faso da Mali tun daga shekarar 2023, yayin da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu alaƙa da ƙungiyar IS suka kai hari da jirage marasa matuƙa sau 20 - mafi yawansu a Najeriya, ƙasar da ta kwashe sama da shekara 20 tana fama da matsalar masu ɗauke da makami.
Harin jirgi maras matuƙi na baya-bayan nan da ƙungiyoyin suka kai shi ne wanda aka kai a jihar Borno ta arewa maso gabashin ƙasar ranar 29 ga watan Janairu.
Mayaƙan sun kai farmaki ta amfani da dakaru ta ƙasa, sai kuma suka yi amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa a kan wani sansanin soji.
Rundunar sojin Najeriya ta ce an kashe sojojinta tara a lokacin harin na ƙungiyar IS a yankin Yammacin Afirka, wato Iswap - wanda cibiyar nazari kan tsaro ta Acled ta bayyana a harin a matsayin mafi girma ta fannin amfani da jirgi maras matuƙi a yankin.
Mayaƙan na amfani ne da ƙananan jirage marasa matuƙa marasa tsada waɗanda ake iya samu a kasuwa, inda ake yi musu ɗamara da ababen fashewa.
Sannan kuma cibiyar ta ce mayaƙan na amfani da su wajen tattara bayanai da leƙen asiri lokacin shirya kai farmaki, kamar yadda babban mai sharhi kan tsaro a Afirka na cibiyar Acled, Ladd Serwat ya bayyana wa BBC.
Yanzu za ku iya samun labaran BBC Hausa kai-tsaye a wayoyinku.
Latsa nan domin shiga
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Duk da cewa hukumomin Najeriya na sanya ido sosai kan shigar da ƙananan ababen tashi marasa matuƙa na yau da kullum, tare da haramta amfani da su ba tare da sahhalewar hukumomi ba, masu iƙirarin jihadi na iya samun waɗannan ababe ta hanyar fasa-ƙwaurinsu, ta kan iyakokin Najeriya marasa tsaro, in ji wani babban mai bincike na cibiyar tabbatar da kyakkyawan jagoranci a Afirka, wanda ke zaune a Najeriya, Malik Samuel.
"Ƙaruwar amfani da ababe masu tashi marasa matuƙa wajen tattara bayani da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ke yi a yankin Sahel da Tafkin Chadi abu ne mai matuƙar ban-tsoro, kuma hakan babban sauyi ne," in ji masani kan tsaro Audu Bulama Bukarti, a tattaunawarsa da BBC.
"Ababen tashi marasa matuƙa na rage tsadar kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen kai hari, suna bai wa mayaƙa damar tattara bayanan sirri da za su yi amfani da su wajen kitsa hare-hare ba tare da shiga haɗari ba da kuma samun damar ƙaddamar da hari kan sansanonin soji cikin sauƙi," in ji Bukarti.
Serwat ya ce Iswap ta kaddamar da hare-hare da abubuwan tashi marasa matuƙa sau 10 a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya daga shekarar 2024, da arewacin Kamaru da kudancin Jamhuriyar Nijar da kuma kudancin ƙasar Chadi - waɗanda dukkanin su ke fama da matsalar tsaro mai alaƙa da Najeriya.
Haka nan ma ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da Iswap sun kai hare-hare da abubuwa masu tashi marasa matuƙa kwatankwacin yawan haka a yankin Yammacin Nahiyar Afirka, kamar yadda alƙaluman cibiyar Acled suka nuna.
A cikin hare-hare na baya-bayan nan da ta kai, ƙungiyar IS reshen Yammacin Afirka ta kai hari kan babban filin jirgin sama na Yamai, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Nijar da sansanonin sojin sama da ke maƙwaftaka a ranar 29 ga watan Janairu.
Ma'aikatar tsaro ta Nijar ta ce an raunata sojojinta hudu sannan an kashe mutum 20 daga cikin maharan.
Serwat ya ce duk da wasu rahotanni sun ce ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da rokoki da manyan bindigogi, wasu sun bayyana cewa ta kuma yi amfani da ababen tashi marasa matuƙa.
"Idan har an yi amfani da jirgi maras matuƙi wajen kai harin, hakan zai kasance lokaci na farko da ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da ababe masu tashi marasa matuƙa waɗanda aka yi wa ɗamara da abubuwa masu fashewa," kamar yadda ya bayyana.
Ƙungiyoyin da suka fi amfani da abubuwan masu tashi marasa matuƙa su ne waɗanda ke da alaƙa da al-Qaeda, kamar ƙungiyar Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM). Acled ta ce ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da hare-hare har 69 a ƙasashen Mali da Burkina Faso, sai kuma wani hari guda ɗaya a ƙasar Togo.
Asalin hoton, Al-Zallaqa
"Tsarin amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa na ƙungiyar JNIM ya haɓɓaka sosai tsakanin cibiyoyinta a Mali da Burkina Faso," in ji babban mai sharhi na Acled a Yammacin Afirka, Heni Nsaiba.
Wani shafin intanet mai wallafa bayanan tsaro, mai suna Military Africa, ya ruwaito cewa a watan Fabarairun bara, JNIM ta yi amfani da jirgi maras matuƙi da ake kira 'first-person view (FPV)' - wanda ke bai wa mai sarrafa jirgin damar ganin bidiyon da jirgin ke ɗauka kai-tsaye - inda suke amfani da shi wajen jefa abubuwa masu fashewa waɗanda aka hada da kwalabe, a kan sansanonin soji a birnin Djibo na Burkina Faso.
"Wannan babban sauyi ne, kasancewar jirage marasa matuƙa na FPV ƙanana ne kuma ana iya sarrafa su cikin sauƙi, an fi amfani da su a yaƙin Ukraine - saboda suna bayar da damar kai hari kan duk abin da aka ga dama ba tare da kuskure ba," in ji shafin.
Samuel ya ce mayaƙa daga ƙetare ne ke horas da ƙungiyoyin masu iƙirarin jihadi yadda za su yi amfani da sabbin salo - daga haɗa bam da ake dasawa a gefen titi da ɗamarar ƙunar-baƙin-wake, yanzu kuma sun koyi yadda za su mayar da ababe masu tashi marasa matuƙa na yau da kullum zuwa jirage marasa matuƙa na yaƙi.
Kai hari da ababe masu tashi marasa matuƙa zai rage haɗarin kashe masu iƙirarin jihadi, sannan hakan zai ba su damar samun ƙarin nasara wajen kai hari kan wuraren da suke so, in ji Samuel.
Mai sharhi na cibiyar Acled Nsaibia ya shaida wa BBC cewa yayin da akasarin hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa na ƙungiyar JNIM an kai su ne kan sojoji da ƙungiyoyi masu mara wa sojojin baya, wasu daga cikinsu sun fada ne kan fararen hula, ciki har da kasuwanni a yankunan da ake ganin suna goyon bayan gwamnati.
Ita kuwa Iswap, harin jirgi maras matuƙi ɗaya ne aka san cewa ta kai a kan fararen hula - a watan Yunin 2025, lokacin da ta kashe wasu manoma biyu da raunata ɗaya a arewacin Kamaru, in ji Nsaibia.
A wani rahoto cikin shekarar da ta gabata, wani mai bincike a wata cibiyar nazarin tsaro da ke Afirka ta Kudu, Taiwo Adebayo ya ce domin kawar da wannan barazana, sojojin ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka na buƙatar kai "hare-haren rigakafi" domin lalata cibiyoyin harhaɗawa da ƙaddamar da hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa, da kuma samar da fasahar yaƙar hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa, kamar na'urorin kashe hanyoyin tura saƙo da kuma samar da garkuwar hare-hare ta sama.
Ya yi gargaɗin cewa idan kuwa ba a yi hakan ba, masu iƙirarin jihadi za su bunƙasa hanyar yaƙi da ababen tashi marasa matuƙa kuma su kai "hare-hare masu haɗari" da za su ƙara dagula lamurra a yammacin Afirka.
