Barasizwe ngo base neza.
Baboherwako amabombe.

Aba bagore bakiri bato barungitsi mu bivunga vy'abantu ngo bituritse.

Abanditsi: Vladimir Hernandez & Stephanie Hegarty
Ibicapo: Charlie Newland

Falmata ariko arasigwa ngo abe mwiza - ihina, isize n'utuntu duto duto isharije ibirenge vyiwe.

Mu gihe iriko iruma, uwundi mugore ariko arakirana n'umushatsi. Akoresheje igisokozo, ariko arasokoza, agorora umushatsi wa Falmata.

"Twari twemerewe guhitamwo umuderi w'umushatsi canke ihina dushaka," uko niko Falmata avyibuka. "Twaronka ihina yo gusiga amaboko yacu, amaguru, rimwe na rimwe no kw'izosi."

Falmata arazi ko aza gusa neza. Ariko hari ingaruka mbi cane.

Niyamara gusigwa, baraca bamwambika igisasu c'umwiyahuzi munda.

Falmata ni umwe mu majana y'abagore bakiri bato, benshi bakiri inkumi, banyurujwe n'abarwanyi muri Nigeria babategeka kubakorera ibikorwa vy'ubwiyahuzi. Ku buryo butangaje, yararusimvye.

Yari afise imyaka 13 gusa igihe abagabo babiri bari kw'ipikipiki bamufata, aho yari mu kayira aja kuraba ababanyi ku rubibe n'igihugu ca Cameruni.

Bamaze amasaha bayerera - Falmata ari hagati y'abo bagabo babiri - bava mw'ibarabara babandanya kure mw'ishamba.

Mu nyuma bahavuye bashika iyo baja - inkambi nini yubatswe huti huti. Falmata ntiyari azi aho ari.

Agira ati "Hari amahema menshi n'inzu nyinshi za nyakazi", akabivuga asa n'uwongorera.

"Abagoba bato bashirwa mu mahema. Muyo narimwo hari abakobwa icenda, tukaryama ku birago binini."

Iyo nkambi yari iya Boko Haram, umugwi w'abarwanyi umaze igihe kinini uharanira gushinga leta ya ki Islam mu buraruko bwa Nigeria.

Avuga ati "Mu ntango nashaka gutoroka ariko nta buryo bwariho." Hari abarwanyi ahantu hose kugira bafate uwo wese yogerageza gutoroka.

Ntivyatevye, Falmata aca abwirizwa guhitamwo hagati yo kurongorwa n'umurwanyi, canke kuja mu "gikorwa".

But she had no idea what the “mission” was.
Ariko ntiyari azi ico "gikorwa" ico ari co.

'Igikorwa’

Mu ntango, Falam yasanze iyo nkambi iteye ubwoba.

Ubuzimwa bwari bubi, kandi imbohe - abagore, abakobwa hamwe n'abahungu - batinya kugwa mu ntambara hagati y'abasirikare ba leta hamwe n'abarwanyi.

Cane cane abagore.

Falmata agira ati "Twatinya ko abasirikare bari gutera inkambi igihe ico ari co cose, bakatujaniranya twebwe abagore, kuko bari kwiyumvira ko turi abagore b'abarwanyi."

Iyo kajugujugu canke indege yagaragara mu kirere, imbohe zaca zihungabana, zitinya ko inkambi igire iterwe ibisasu n'abasirikare ba Nigeria.

“When we saw them many of us cried,” she says. “Some would even soil themselves.”
Avuga ati "Iyo twazibona benshi uri twebwe twararira. Bamwe baranisohokako."

Ubuzima mu nkambi kandi bwama ari bumwe.

Kuvyuka, gusenga, kurya, gukora isuku, gusenga, kurya, gusukura kandi - umunsi wose.

Hari ivyigwa vy'idini buri munsi, amasaha menshi dusubiramwo ibisomwa vyo muri Koran.

Falmata avuga ko naho yanka vyose muri iyo nkambi, yarakunda inyigisho z'idini.

Umunsi umwe, ivyo yakora minsi yose vyarahindutse.

Falmata yabwiwe n'abagabo bitwaje ibirwanisho kwitegurira ikintu gikomeye.

Ibirenge vyiwe vyagira bisigwe ihina. Umushatsi wiwe bagira bawusokoze.

Yibajije nimba ariko arategurirwa ubukwe bwiwe. Impera n'imperuka yagira arongozwe ku murwanyi?

Falmata avuga ati "Umugenzi wanje Hauwa yari yaremeye kurongorwa kugira ntapfye. Yashaka kurondera uburyo bwo gutoroka."

"Abandi bakowa baramwanka kuko yahisemwo kurongorwa kandi na jewe vyari uko, mu ntango. Mu nyuma nza kumutagura kandi ndamwumvira ikigongwe kuko atari anezerewe."

Abandi bagore bafashije Falmata kwitegura.

"Naguma nibaza nti mbe n'ivy'ubukwe canke ikindi? Ariko ntushobora kubaza igituma uriko urakorwa. Ahubwo abo muri kumwe baguma baguhoza bagusaba kwihangana."

Haciye iminsi ibiri, abarwanyi baboheye ibisasu mu nda hiwe.

Falmata yabwiwe n'abarwanyi ko niyica abatemera, aca aja ubwo nyene mw'iparadizo.

Co kimwe n'abandi bagore, yagomba gutumbereza isoko canke ikindi kibanza kirimwo abantu benshi.

Agira ati "Nari mfise ubwoba ku buryo natanguye kurira. Ariko baguma bambwira kwihangana, kwemera ko ubuzima ari uko bumeze".

"Ngo ninashika mw'iparadiso, vyose bizogenda neza."

Yajanywe hamwe n'abandi bakobwa - nabo nyene baboheweko ibisasu - mu micungararo y'ikigwati atashoboye kumenya.

Mu minwe yabo, bari bafise utwuma duto duturitsa igisasu dukorewe muhira.

Abakobwa babwiwe gutangura kwerekeza ico kigwati. Babwiwe ko hari uwagomba kubaraba ari kure.

Bari munzira, batatu muri bo babazanije nimba bokora ico "gikorwa" canke bakagiheba.

Bariko gukora nk'uko babwirijwe canke bakagerageza gutoroka?

Bahisemwo kutagaba igitero.

Amaze gusaba umuntu bahuye kumukurako ico gisasu, Falmata yaciye yiruka aciye mu nzira yuzuye ivumbi.

Haciye akanya, yahuye n'abagabo babiri mu mpande z'ibarabara.

Yamenye atevye ko ari abo muri Boko Haram.

Falmata yaciye anyuruzwa ubugira kabiri.

Kahise k'ubwicanyi

Sanaa Mehadali vyibazwa ko ari we mugore wa mbere w'umwiyahuzi muri kahise ka vuba.

Uwo mukobwa w'imyaka 16 yarihitanye kumwe n'abasoda ba Isiraheri babiri, mu gitero c'ubwiyahuzi mu bumanuko bwa Libani mu 1985.

Kuva ico gihe, imigwi y'abarwanyi nka Hezbollah, PKK y'Abakurde, Tamil Tigers yo muri Sri Lanka, Hamas yo muri Sis Jordanie hamwe na Black Widows yo muri Ceceniya, yose yakoresheje abagore n'abakobwa mu kugaba ibitero vy'abiyahuzi.

Ariko Boko Haram yarushije abo bose ku rwego rw'amabi, nk'uko bivugwa na Elizabeth Pearson, umushakashatsi ku kigo Royal United Institute i London.

Agereranya ko amajana y'abakobwa bakiri bato bategetswe kugaba ibitero mu myaka itatu iheze muri Nigeria, Cameruni, Chad na Niger.

Pearson avuga ko mu mpera z'umwaka w'2017, abagore hamwe n'abakobwa 454 b'abiyahuzi barakoreshejwe mu bitero canke barafatwa, mu bijanye n'ibitero bingana 232. Ivyo bitero vyahitanye abantu 1.225.

Pearson niwe yakoze icigwa ku gukoresha abagore b'abiyahuzi bigirwa na Boko Haram.

Inshuro ya mbere umukobwa yategetswe n'uwo mugwi kugaba igitero hari mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2014.

Igitero ku kigo ca gisirikare cabaye nyuma gatoyi y'inyuruzwa ryavuzwe cane ry'abakobwa b'abanyeshure 276 - baje kumenyekana nka Chibok gilrls (abakobwa b'i Chibok).

Boko Haram yari imaze kunyuruza abakobwa hamwe n'abagore mu ntambara ariko ntivyavuzwe cane kw'isi, ariko ibi vyovyo vyari ibindi.

Kunyuruza ikivunga abana bari mu buraro kw'ishure mu ntara ya Borno kwababaje benshi kw'isi.

Pearson agira ati "Baramenyekanye cane kubera iki gitero kurusha uko vyagenze aho bagaba ibitero bakoresheje abana bato b'abahungu. Nico gituma bagumye bakoresha abakobwa."

Fatima Akilu ni umuhinga ku nyifato y'abantu (psychologist) akanaba umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa w'ikigo Neem Foundation, gifasha imiryango yakozweko n'ibikorwa vya Boko Haram. Yakoranye n'abagore hamwe n'abakobwa bakuwe mu vyara vya Boko Haram.

Avuga ko mu ntango bari abahungu gusa bagaba ibitero vy'abiyahuzi - ababa baracengewe n'inyigisho za Boko Haram.

Agira ati "Kenshi baritanga mu kubikora kuko baba baranyuzwe ko bazoca baja muri paradizo."

"Ariko ibitero vy'igisirikare ca Nigeria bimaze gukomera, igitigiri c'abahungu bitanga caragabanutse, Boko Haram ica itangura kunyuruza no kwumvisha abakobwa bato kuja mu bwiyahuzi.

"Intumbero yabo ni kugaba ibitero uko bashoboye kwose, bakabandanya gukora amahano muri ubwo buryo."

Kandi bisa nk'uko ata rugero rw'imyaka bafatirako muri ubwo bubisha.

Mu kwezi kw'icumu na kabiri 2016, abakobwa babiri bivugwa ko bafise hagati y'imyaka indwi canke umunani, barakoreshejwe mu bitero bibiri bvy'ibisasu ku soko riri mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Nigeria. Umuntu umwe yarishwe abandi 17 barakomereka.

Akoresheje ibisasu yari yambaye mu nda, yariyishe we n'abandi batanu, hakomereka 19 - kw'isoko riri i Potiskum, mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Nigeria.

Guhunga

Nyuma yo kunyuruzwa ubugira kabiri, Falmata yasubijwe mw'ishamba. Ubu hoho yatwawe mu yindi nkambi.

Abamufashe bari mu wundi mugwi wa Boko Haram kandi ntibari bazi ko yari amaze guheba igikorwa co kwituritsa. Iyo babimenya, birashoboka cane ko bari guca bamwica.

Ubuzima muri iyi nkambi bwari nka co kimwe n'iyambere.

Vyari ibikorwa bimwe buri munsi - kurya, gukora isuku, gusubiramwo inyandiko za koran amasaha menshi, kuryama.

Nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo Neem Foundation, abagore n'abana bakuwe mu mvyara vya Boko Haram kenshi bemera ivyiyumviro vyayo iyo ibafise.

Dr Akilu agira ati "Benshi mu bantu duhura babaye muri izo nkambi ntibaba baraciye mw'ishure bihagije, yaba iry'ikizungu canke Islam.

"Ahubwo benshi bumva Koran ubwa mbere iyo bari mu minwe ya Boko Haram.

"Bafise amajana y'abantu mu makambi yabo, kandi nta kintu gihari co gukora umunsi wose, rero uca usanga bamaze nk'amasaha atanu mu nyigisho z'idini. Ku bapfunzwe rero uca usanga idini ari uburyo bwo kubaho."

Nyuma y'ukwezi ari muri iyi nkambi nshasha, Falmata yasubiye kubwirizwa guhitamwo - kurongorwa canke kuja mu gikorwa.

Yasubiye kwanka kurongorwa. Ariko ubu hoho, yabikoranye ubwenge igihe igikorwa cagera.

Yasizwe ihina ahabwa n'ikanzu nziza. Umukandara w'ibisasu wabohewe munda yiwe, baca barenzako ikanzu ndende hamwe n'umutandiyo.

Ariko ubu hoho yaciye ahungira mw'ishamba akimara kurekurwa n'abarwanyi.

Agira ati "Nahuye n'abarimyi ndabasaba kumfasha gukurako umukandara. Nababwiye ko nategetswe kuja mu gikorwa, ariko ntashaka kubikora."

“Bari bafise ubwoba ariko bangiriye ikigongwe bamfasha kuwukura.

Nkumbire bibajije ko nibanka nari gushobora kugituritsa nkabahitana bose.”

Falmata yasize abo barimyi ngaho amara iminsi myinshi mw'ishamba agerageza kurondera inzira isubira Maiduguri, hamwe no ku muryango wiwe.

Ari mu nzira, yafatanije urugendo n'umugwi w'abahigi bamwemereye kujana nabo mw'ishamba.

Ariko abo bahigi batewe n'abarwanyi ba Boko Haram. Mu kavuyo, Falmata yashoboye gutoroka aja mw'ishamba.

Agira ati "Sinarinzi ishamba. Buri rusaku rutoyi rwantera ubwoba, rero naca nguma ngenda. Naryama mu biti iyo nabishobora.

"Nibaza ko namaze indwi yose ata bifungurwa. Nanywa amazi mbonye ngaho, nkanayakoresha mu kwoza amaboko n'ibirenge ngiye gusenga.

"Narasenga nka kabiri canke gatatu ku munsi igihe cose naronka amazi. Nari mfise ubwoba bwinshi, ariko Imana yaramfashije nshika ahantu hari umuji."

Umuryango wo muri ako karere waramucumbikiye iminsi mikeyi, unamufasha gushikira umuryango wiwe i Maiduguri.

Nyuma y'amezi menshi atorotse, Falmata yaraburiwe irengero. Yari afise ubwoba ko abajejwe intwaro bari kumumenya bakamufata.

Dr Akitu avuga ko abagore bakiri bato nkawe bakeneye gusubira kwunga umubano n'umuryango.

"Yamaze igihe kire kire atari kumwe n'umuryango wiwe, rero ashobora kuba yarahindutse muri ico gihe. Ariko kandi umuryango wiwe nawo ushobora kuba warahindutse ufise uguhungabana kwawo."

Co kimwe n'imiryango myinshi mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Nigeria, uwa Falmata watandukanijwe n'intambara.

Ubu abana na nyina mu nkambi y'abateshejwe izabo. Ubuzima buragoye, ariko iciza ni uko ata n'umwe azi inkuru yiwe.

Ingaruka

Gake bishika bakava mu vyara vya Boko Haram ari bazima, abakobwa nka Falmata bahura n'ingorane zikomeye.

Benshi mu badaturitsa ibisasu vyabo bafatwa n'abajejwe umutekano bakajanwa mu "kigo kibakuramwo ivyiyumviro vy'ubutagondwa".

Ibi bigo bikoramwo abasirikare kandi nta vyinshi bizwi ku bihabera.

Hagati mu kwezi kwa mbere, igisirikare kivuga ko carekuye umugwi wa mbere w'abantu "bakuwemwo ubutagondwa", ariko ntibizwi neza aho ubu baherereye.

Bake mu bashobora gusubira mu kibano cabo atawubabonye, babaho binyegeje.

Abagore bakiri bato batorotse izo nkambi bazwi kw'izina rya "annoba". Bisigura ikintu kimeze nk'"ikiza".

Dr Akilu avuga ko umukobwa uwo ariwe wese amaranye igihe n'abarwanyi aca abonwa n'abantu benshi nk'umu Boko Haram.

"Nibaza ko abantu benshi muri ibi bibano baraba icakozwe hako boravye umukobwa.

"Babona uwo mukobwa bakibaza bati, 'uyu ni umuntu akiri muto ashaka guhonya ikibano cacu cose, wumva twosubira kumwakira gute?'"

Avuga ko abo bakobwa banabibutsa amahano baba baraciyemwo.

Boko Haram ifatwa nk'umugwi w'abarwanyi umaze guhitana abantu bensi mu bihe vya none. Kuva mu 2009 uramaze kwica abantu barenga 27.000 b'inzira karengane - harimwo n'Abayisilamu - muri Nigeria honyene.

Abandi benshi barishwe muri Kameruni, Chad na Niger. Imirwano iramaze gutesha izabo abantu barenga imiriyoni zibiri.

Dr Akilu agira ati "Hafi ya 90% vy'ikibano mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko [bwa Nigeria] vyarakozweko na Boko Haram. Usanga barabuze umuntu umwe canke umuryango wose"

"Rero iyo aba bakobwa bagarutse usanga ari nko gusubira mu mubabaro. Hari ikibazo gikomeye co kunenwa."

"Mu vy'ukuri nta mwanya mwinshi tumara tuvyihweza dufatiye ku ruhande rw'aba bakobwa, ngo tubabone nk'abantu bahohotewe."