'Umucakara ugurishwa w’imyaka 12, utari isugi, mwiza cyane': Akaga k’abakobwa n’abagore bagurishwaga na Islamic State

Mu 2014, ibihumbi by’abagore n’abana bo mu bwoko bw’aba-Yazidi bafashwe bunyago n’abarwanyi b’umutwe wa Islamic State (IS) muri Iraq na Syria. Benewabo b’aba-Yazidi batangiye ibikorwa byo kubabohora ako kanya, ariko imyaka hafi 10 nyuma yabwo, ntibararangiza.

Mu Ugushyingo(11) 2015, Bahar n’abana be bato batatu bari bamaze kugurishwa ku nshuro ya gatanu.

Ni umwe mu bagore benshi b’aba-Yazidi batwawe bunyago na IS, hari hashize amezi 18 akuwe iwabo i Sinjar mu majyaruguru ya Iraq.

Aba-Yazidi ni ubwoko nyamucye buba muri Iraq kuva mu myaka hafi 6,000 ishize, abarwanyi ba IS bafata abo muri ubu bwoko nk’abatagira idini cyangwa ‘abakafiri’.

Umugabo wa Bahar n’umuhungu we w’imfura baratwawe. Atekereza ko babarashe bakabahamba mu mwobo rusange.

Bahar yibuka uburyo we n’abandi bana be batatu bashyizwe ku murongo mu cyumba, barira, baziko bagiye gucibwa imitwe. Nyamara ahubwo, bariho bagurishwa.

Aho niho amabi ateye ubwoba kuri bo yatangiriye.

Bahar avuga ko yagombaga gukorera abarwanyi bamuguze. “Nagombaga kuba nk’umugore wabo, igihe babishakiye. Barankubitaga igihe babishatse.” Abana be, bose bari munsi y’imyaka 10, nabo barakubitwaga. Umwe mu bakobwa we kakubiswe ikibuno cy’imbuta kimwangiza isura.

Uwa kane “wamuguze” yari umunya-Tunisia witwa Abu Khattab. “Twabaga mu rugo rwe, ariko yashoboraga kudukodesha tukajya gukora isuku ku bindi bigo bibiri bya IS. Aho hantu hose, naragendaga ngakora isuku kandi bashoboraga kunsambanya ku ngufu.

“Kandi buri gihe habaga hari ibitero byo mu kirere. Abarwanyi ba IS babaga biruka aho hose, bafata intwaro, cyangwa bihisha za bombe. Byari akajagari, byari bibi birenze urugero.”

Umunsi umwe, ubwo Bahar n’abana be bari mu rugo rwa Abu Khattab, imodoka y’umweru y’ibirahure by’umukara yaraje. Uyitwaye yari yambaye imyenda y’umukara afite n’ubwanwa, ntabwo yasaga bitandukanye n’abandi barwanyi ba IS.

Bahar yahise abona ko we n’abana be bagiye kugurishwa nanone. Mu gahinda no kwiheba, Bahar yatakambiye uyu mugabo ngo nibura amwice – ntiyari akibashije kwihangana.

Ibyakurikiyeho byahinduye ibintu byose

Mu gihe abajyanye, uyu ubatwaye yaravuze ngo, “Mbajyanye ahandi hantu.” Bahari ntiyari azi ibirimo kuba cyangwa niba yakwizera uyu mugabo, atangira gushya ubwoba. Utwaye yahagaritse imodoka ahamagara umuntu kuri telephone. Maze ahereza telephone Bahar. Uwari ku murongo ni Abu Shuja, umugabo uzwiho gutegura ibikorwa byo kurokora abagore n’abana benshi.

Aha yahise amenya ko uyu mugabo ubatwaye abajyanye ngo we n’abana be batabarwe.

Bahar yajyanywe ahantu harimo kubakwa inzu mu mujyi wa Raqqa muri Syria. Bamusize ku nzira bamubwira ko hari umugabo uza akamutwara, bamubwira ko ijambo ry’ibanga ari “Sayeed”. Ko uwo yajyana nawe.

Nta kosa ribaye, koko haje umugabo atwaye moto, avuga rya jambo. Yabwiye Bahar n’abana be batatu kurira moto, arababwira ati: “Nimwumve, turi mu karere ka IS, hari za bariyeri. Nibagira icyo babaza, ntimugire icyo muvuga, kugira ngo ntibumve ko muvuga nk’aba-Yazidi.”

Aba-Yazidi bo muri Iraq byabagendekeye bite?

Kuva IS yatsindwa mu 2017, ubwoko bw’aba-Yazidi bwahungabanye bwagerageje gukira. Ariko Rachel Wright avuga ko aba-Yazidi barenga 100,000 bakiri mu nkambi batarashobora gusubira mu ngo zabo.

Bahar avuga ko uwo mugabo yabajyanye iwe. Ati: “Badufashe neza – twarakarabye, baduha ifunguro n’imiti igabanya ububabare baratubwira ngo ‘ubu muri mu maboko meza’.”

Undi mugabo yafashe amafoto ya Bahar n’abana be ayoherereza Abu Shuja kugira ngo amwereke ko abo afite ari bo koko. Nuko ahagana saa cyenda z’igicuku ku munsi ukurikiyeho, barabyukijwe babwirwa kwitegura ngo bagende nanone.

Umugabo wa hano bari bacumbitse yahaye Bahar indangamuntu ya nyina amubwira ko hagize ubahagarika akabaza, yababwira ko ajyanye umuhungu we kwa muganga. “Twaciye kuri bariyeri nyinshi za IS ariko nta n’imwe yaduhagaritse.”

Amaherezo bageze mu gace kari ku mupaka wa Iraq na Syria maze Bahar ahura na Abu Shuja n’umuvandimwe we. Ati: “Nari hafi guta ubwenge. Sinibuka byinshi byakurikiyeho nyuma.”

Abagore barenga 6,400 b’aba-Yazidi n’abana babo bikekwa ko bagurishijwe nk’abacakara nyuma y’uko IS ifashe Sinjar. Abandi 5,000 barishwe mu cyo komisiyo ya ONU yise jenoside.

Abu Shuja wateguye gutabara Bahar n’abana be, ntabwo ariwe wenyine watewe impungenge n’uku gushimuta abana n’abagore kwakorwaga na IS. Umucuruzi Bahzad Fahran wabaga hanze y’akarere kagenzurwa na IS yashinze itsinda ryitwa Kinyat – ryo kubuhora abagore b’aba-Yazidi n’abana babo kandi akandika ibyaha by’abarwanyi ba IS.

Kinyat yabonye amakuru ko abarwanyi ba IS baguraga bakanagurisha abagore n’abana b’aba-Yazidi kuri internet, cyane cyane kuri Telegram. Ati: “Twinjiraga muri ayo matsinda ari online twiyise andi mazina cyangwa dukoresha amazina y’abarwanyi ba IS”.

Ku rukuta rwo mu biro bye mu karere k’Abakurde ka Iraq, anyereka amafoto ya ‘screenshots’ yo kuri Telegram y’ibiganiro. Imwe muri yo iri mu cyongereza, iramamaza umukobwa ugurishwa.

“Uw’imyaka 12 utari isugi mwiza cyane”. Yagurishwaga $13,000 (miliyoni zirenga gato 15Frw) kandi yari i Raqqa muri Syria. Maze anyereka ifoto y’uwo mukobwa yicaye ku ntebe y’uruhu mu buryo bureshya abaguzi.

Bahzad avuga ko ibi biganiro byo kuri Telegram byabahaga amakuru arambuye y’aho aba-Yazidi bashimuswe baherereye. “Twavugishaga abantu baba aho hafi tukabasaba kudushakira uyu mwana”.

Byari byoroshye kubona abana b’abahungu kuko bo bemererwaga kujya hanze kenshi: Ati: “Twashakaga kandi n’umuryango [w’umuntu washimuswe] ukohereza amakuru kugira ngo nitubonana n’uwo muhungu, tumwereke ko turi abantu ba nyabo”

“Iyo twajyaga kubohora imiryango, nk’abagore n’abana babo, twagombaga kugira urutonde rw’amagambo y’ibanga, cyangwa ibimenyetso kugira ngo bamenye ko tuje kubatabara, no kutumenyesha igihe bari bonyine.”

Ibi bikorwa byabaga bitandukanye kuri buri muryango, ariko buri cyose cyabaga kirimo amafaranga, n’inyandiko mpimbano kugira ngo babashe guca kuri bariyeri za IS.

Byari ibintu biteje ibyago cyane kuba Yazidi kwinjira ahagenzurwa na IS, bityo igikorwa cyo kubohoza cyakorwaga n’abantu baho bahamenyereye.

Bahzad ati: “Abo bagabo babikoraga byose kubera cash. Nicyo cyonyine cyatumaga babikora. Abantu benshi bishyuwe ibihumbi by’amadorari mu kugura kurekura aba bakobwa.”

Kinyat ivuga ko aba-Yazidi 6,417 bafashwe bunyago, ariko 3,568 babashije gutoroka cyangwa bagatabarwa. Bahzad ubwe yabohoye abantu 55, ariko raporo y’ikigo International Organization for Migration (IOM) gifashwa na UN ivuga ko abagore b’aba-Yazidi bagera ku 2,700 n’ubu bakibura.

Benshi bashobora kuba bakiri mu maboko y’ababashimuse.

Bahzad avuga ko ubu byarushijeho gukomera kumenya aho nk’abo bari. Nyuma y’uko IS itsinzwe mu 2017, abarwanyi n’imiryango yabo bahungiye mu tundi turere. Bamwe bari muri Turkiya, Iraq, Syria, abandi ndetse bagiye i Burayi.

Bahzad avuga ko hari abana bari bafite imyaka itanu cyangwa itandatu ubwo bafatwaga bunyago ubu bibagiwe neza neza ururimi rwabo cyangwa abo ari bo: “Nta kintu bazi ku kuba ari aba-Yazidi. Banibagiwe imiryango yabo.”

Ahazaza h’ubwoko bw’aba-Yazidi muri rusange naho ntihazwi neza.

“Aba-Yazidi bagiye baterwa kuva mu binyejana byinshi, kandi n’ubu Abasilamu benshi, abato n’abakuru, baracyumva ko bakwiye guhindura (idini) cyangwa bagapfa”, bivugwa na Haider Elias umukuru w’umuryango munini uvuganira aba-Yazidi witwa Yazda.

Yongeraho ati: “Niyo mpamvu tubona ko IS atari iherezo ryabyo, ibyo bitera ubwoba bukomeye aba-Yazidi.”

Ku ba-Yazidi 300,000 bahunze ingo zabo i Sinjar kubera IS, hafi kimwe cya kabiri – nka Bahar – n’ubu baracyaba mu mahema mu nkambi mu karere k’aba-Kurde ka Iraq. Ntibashobora gusubira mu ngo zabo i Sinjar kuko zasenyutse burundu kandi kuba ako gace kari ku mupaka wa Iraq na Syria bituma haba ahantu habi cyane – kuko imitwe yaje kurwanya IS ubu nayo irimo kurwanira ikuzo hagati yayo

Elias avuga ko aba-Yazidi batewe ubwoba n’uko bashobora kongera bakicwa igihe icyo aricyo cyose, kandi ko benshi muri bo ubu barimo kuba abimukira ahandi. “Bafite ubwoba bw’umutekano wabo. Ni ikintu gikomeye, ntabwo batekanye.”

Kubohora Bahar byatwaye agera ku $20,000 (asaga miliyoni 23frw). Ubu afite imyaka 40, ariko aboneka nk’ukuze cyane – igitambaro cyo mu mutwe gihishe umusatsi we wabaye imvi.

Amaze imyaka umunani aba mu nkambi kuva yatabarwa. Yicaye kuri ka matora gato hasi mu ihema rye, yazanye akantu ka plastique kabitsemo amafoto y’abo mu muryango we babuze.

Kutamenya icyabaye ku mugabo we n’umuhungu w’imfura ye, no kubana n’ihungabana ryo gufatwa ku ngufu inshuro nyinshi, byatumye Bahar arwara cyane – ku mubiri no mu mutwe.

Ba bana be baracyari kumwe nawe, ariko avuga ko nabo bahora mu gahinda.

Ati: “Umukobwa wanjye aracyafite ibikomere bidakira yavanye mu gukubitwa. Ngomba gukomeza kugerageza kubaho. Ariko ubu, uko tubayeho ubu, ni nko kubaho utariho.”