Kubera iki Abarusiyakazi baja kuvyarira muri Argentina?

Argentina iriko iraca mu bihe bigoye vy’ingorane z’ubutunzi, mu gihe mu mwaka uheze yaje ubugira kane kw’isi yose mu bihugu ifaranga ryavyo ryataye agaciro.

Rero bishobora gutangaza kwumva ingene umugwa mukuru wayo Buenos Aires wabaye nk’isumaku ikwega ibihumbi n’ibihumbi vy’Abarusiyakazi bahitamwo gufata urugendo kugira baje kuvyarira muri ico gihugu co muri Amerika y’ubumanuko.

Eva Pekurova arandika ku rubuga hwaniro icamutumye aja kuvyarira muri Argentina .

Aciye kuri Instagram, arasigura ingene umuganga ajejwe gutera imiti yo gusinziriza (anesthésiste/ anaesthesiologist) "yamukuyakuye umugongo n’ubwitonzi bwinshi” akamubwira n’utujambo two kumutera intege igihe yariko aravyara.

Yandika ati: "Si nari bwigere mbona abaganga b’abagabo nk’aba”.

Uyu muvyeyi arasigura ivyo yiboneye mu gihe asanzwe akora urudandaza rwo gufasha abagore b’Abarusiyakazi bibungenze kuja kuvyarira i Buenos Aires.

Kandi rero hari abandi baharurwa mu bihumbi bagiye kuvyarirayo.

Abagore 33 b’Abarusiyakazi bibungenze mu ndege

Mu mezi atatu aheze yonyene, abagore b’Abarusiyakazi bibungenze barenga 5800 barinjiye muri ico gihugu, nk’uko Florencia Carignano, umukuru w’ikigo kijejwe uruja n’uruza muri Argentina (DNM), yabibwiye imboneshakure TN ku wa 10 Ruhuhuma.

Yongerako ati: "Mu ndege imwe gusa, harimwo Abarusiyakazi 33 bibungenze, imbanyi zabo zari hagati y’amayinga 32,33 na 34”.

Carignano yavuze ibi inyuma y’aho Abarusiyakazi batandatu b’imbanyi zikuze bari bafatiwe ku kibuga c’indege ca Buenos Aires, Ezeiza International Airport, bagirizwa ko ari “ingenzi z’ububeshi”.

Nk’uko abajejwe abinjira n’abasohoka babivuga, aba bagore nta tike bari bafise ibasubiza inyuma kandi bakaba batashobora gusigura aho bategekanya kugendera nk’ingenzi. Hagati aho, bahavuye bemererwa kwinjira muri Argentina.

Carignano avuga ko aba bagore batandatu bari mu rukurikirane rw’abagore b’Abarusiyakazi binjira mu gihugu nk’ingenzi, ariko intego yabo ari ukuvyara.

'Biraturyohera'

Nk’uko ibiharuro vya DNM bivyerekana, abagore b’Abarusiyakazi 10.777 barinjiye mu gihugu mu 2022, muri bo abagera 6401 bakaba bari bamaze gusubira inyuma gushika ubu.

Carignano ati: "Si icaha kuza kuvyarira muri Argentina mu gihe uba ufise viza kandi ukabikora ukurikije amategeko”.

"Biraturyohera kubona baza kuba, gukora no kurerera abana babo muri Argentina".

"Ingorane gusa tubona kuri aba bantu ni uko baza, bakavyara, bakandikisha abana babo nk’abanya-Argentina ariko ntibasubire kugaruka”.

'Ubukerarugendo bw'abaja kuvyara'

Argentina si co gihugu ca mbere aho ubukerarugendo bwo kuvyara - kuvyarirayo umwana kugira aronke passeport ''ikomeye gusumba'' - busigaye bwirukirwa na benshi.

Hariho ibindi bihugu ubwo bukerarugendo bubamwo aho usanga ibwirizwa shingiro rivuga ko umwana avukiye muri ico gihugu aca ahabwa ubwenegihugu bwaco.

Vyinshi mu bihugu bifise amategeko nk’aya biri ku mugabane wa Amerika. Reta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni co nyamukuru cakira ingenzi nk’izi.

Si Abarusiya bonyene babikora. Ariko umumenyeshamakuru wa BBC mu gisata c’ikirusiya, Maria Kiseleva, avuga ko kuva muri ino myaka mirongo iheze ari ikintu gisanzwe ku Barusiya bifise kuja kuvyarira i Miami, ari naho benshi bafise amatungo, kuvyarirayo kugira abana babo baronke ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika.

Ati: "Hagati aho, muri ino myaka iheze, kuronka viza yo muri Amerika bisigaye bigoye cane. Rero, bamwe mu Barusiyakazi baciye batangura kuronderera ahandi”.

Kiseleva avuga ko uwu mugirwa wamenyekanye cane inyuma ya 2015 igihe ubutunzi bw’Uburusiya buja mu ngorane, ifaranga ryabwo naryo rigatakaza hafi igice caryo c’agaciro ugereranije n’idorari. Ibi vyatumye ingendo zo kuja muri Amerika zizimba incuro zibiri.

Brezili ni igihugu kimwe cakiriye abagore b’Abarusiyakazi bibungenze. Umuhinga mu vy’uruja n’uruza Svetlana Ruseishvili, asanzwe yigisha ivyigwa vy’imibano kw’ishure kaminuza rya Sao Carlos, yabwiye BBC ko mu 2015 yatanguye gukurikiranira hagufi abinjira muri Brezili no mu bindi bihugu muri ako karere, nka Argentina na Mexique.

Ariko igitero c’Uburusiya kuri Ukraine mu kwa kabiri 2022 - catumye Amerika ihagarika ubucuti na Moscou – ni co catumye igitigiri c’Abarusiyakazi baja kuvyarira muri Amerika y’ubumanuko ciyongera.

Ruseishvili ati: "Harabaye ukwiyongera kw’uruja n’uruza rw’izi ngenzi kuva intambara itanguye”.

Uyu muhinga asigura ko bidashoboka guharura abana bavyawe n’Abarusiyakazi muri ino myaka ya vuba muri Brezili kuko iki gihugu kitandika amamuko y’abagore bavyara.

Hagati aho, bimwe mu bimenyeshamakuru birafise ibiharuro ngereranyo: ikinyamakuru Financial Times kivuga ko ku wa 10 Ruhuhuma (2) “havutse abana benshi b’Abarusiya mu gisagara ca Florianopolis muri Brezili” ku buryo vyabaye ngombwa ko abavyeyi bishira hamwe kugira ngo barondere umupatiri w’umu-Orthodox yoshobora kubatiza abana babo.

'Kuvyara mu bugwaneza'

Igitabo ndangamuntu si co conyene gikwegakwega Abarusiya biteze kwubakana.

Ingene bafatwa neza hamwe n’igishika bahabwa n’abaganga ni ibintu bishimwa cane rwose n’abagore b’Abarusiyakazi. Baciye ku mbuga hwaniro, hamwe no ku rubuga rwa Telegram, barahanahana amakuru y’ingene ari ikintu kiryoshe kuvyarira muri ibi bihugu.

Eva Pekurova, aciye kuri Instagram, arasigura ingene umuganga ajejwe gutera imiti yo gusinziriza "yamukuyakuye umugongo n’ubwitonzi bwinshi”, ubu akaba afasha abagore b’Abarusiyakazi mu “gutegura ingendo” zo kuja muri Argentina aciye mw’ishirahamwe ryiwe.

Yabwiye ikinyamakuru Guardian mu kwezi guheze ko Abarusiya bahisemwo umugwa mukuru wa Argentina kubera ingene ubuvuzi bwifashe neza.

"Buenos Aires ni yo ironderwa cane ubu; ni co gisagara conyene turiko turakorana”.

Svetlana Ruseishvili avuga ko ingene bitabwaho bitandukanye cane n’ingene bitabwaho mu Burusiya.

Ati: "Abagore baza muri Amerika y’ubumanuko barondera kuvyara mu bugwaneza, kubera bizeye ko bazokwubahirizwa”.

"Mu Burusiya ibi vyose ni indoto”.

Hari abinjira muri Mexique ku bwinshi

Umunyamakuru wa BBC muri Mexique, Marcos Gonzalez, avuga ko ibiharuro vyerekana ko Abarusiya binjira biyongereye cane kuva ku 30.000 mu 2020 bagashika ku 87.844 mu 2022.

Mu kw’icenda 2023, niho ikigo kijejwe kwegeranya ibiharuro Mexican National Institute of Statistics kizotangaza ibiharuro vy’abana bavyawe n’abagore b’abanyamahanga mu 2022, rero biragoye kumenya nimba harabaye abinjiye nk’ingenzi kuvyarirayo.

Ibiharuro biheruka, vyo mu 2021, vyerekana ko abana 77 bonyene ari bo bavyawe na ba nyina baba hanze.

Kiseleva yabwiye BBC ko imwe mu miryango y’Abarusiya ihitamwo kuja muri Mexique hanyuma ikajabuka ikinjira muri Amerika.

Ati: “Ibi birashobora gusigura igituma utabona ibitigiri binini vy’abana b’Abarusiya bavukira hariya”.

'Ibitabo ndangamuntu vyiza'

None ni kubera iki Argentina na Brezili ari vyo vyabaye ibihugu vyirukirwa n’ingenzi z’Abarusiya bashaka kuvyara?

Abahinga nka Ruseishvili bavuga ko ibi bihugu bironderwa cane ku mvo imwe: bifise ibitabo vy’inzira vyemerwa kw’isi yose kandi Abarusiya ntibasabwa viza mu kwinjira [muri ivyo bihugu].

Imbere y’intambara, Abarusiya bashobora kwinjira batarishe viza mu bihugu vyababa 80 vyonyene. Ibitabo vy’inzira vya Argentina na Brezili vyemerera ababifise kwinjira mu bihugu birenga 170 ata viza barishe.

Vyongeye, bifasha ababifise kuronka viza y'imyaka cumi yo kwinjira muri Amerika – ikintu kitakibaho muri kino gihe ku bana bavukiye mu Burusiya.

Ariko kuronsa umwana igitabo ndangamuntu cemewe gusumba si ko karusho konyene ku bahitamwo kuja muri ibi bihugu: abavyeyi b’abanyamahanga b’umwana w’umunya-Argentina canke w’umunya-Brezili barashobora gusaba ubwenegihugu bw’ibi bihugu.

Muri Brezili, umunyamahanga asanzwe abayo ashobora kuronswa ubwenegihugu bwa Brezili mu mwaka umwe gusa. Muri Argentina, n’aho amategeko avuga ko utegerezwa kuba “ufise impapuro zerekana ko wabaye muri ico gihugu imyaka ibiri” kugira ngo uronke ubwenegihugu, si ko bigenda iyo uyo muntu yubakanye n’umunya-Agentina canke iyo afise umwana yavyariye muri Argentina.

Abarondera kworoherezwa

Abategetsi ba Argentina bafise ubwoba ko ukwiyongera kw’abana b’abarusiya bavukira mu gihugu gushobora kuba gufise ikintu kibi cane cinyegeje inyuma.

Florencia Carignano yabwiye TN ko abantu bamwe bashobora kuba bifashisha amategeko agenga abinjira n’abasohoka yorohereza abanyamahanga, abana bakavukira muri Argentina bakaronswa ibitabo ndangamuntu vy’iki gihugu ugasanga bagiye kubikoresha mu bikorwa vy’ubugizi bwa nabi.

"Ba maneko batatu b’Abarusiya bari bafise ubwenegihugu bwa Argentina barafatiwe muri Slovenia. Nta nkeka ko ari nka hamwe twokora amatohoza, twosanga aba bantu binjiye mu gihugu kugira bavyarireyo”.

Uyu mutegetsi kandi avuga ko igisata c’ubutungane ca Argentina kiriko kirakora amatohoza ku “karwi” gategura izi ngendo “ku vyaha bitandukanye bifitaniye isano n’iyinjira ry’aba bantu”.

Igipolisi ca Argentina (PFA) kivuga ko giherutse gukora urukurikirane rw’ibitero muri karitiye ya Puerto Madero y’abantu bifise i Buenos Aires bagatora imiryango y’Abarusiya itunze cane iriha ababafasha hagati ya 20.000$ na 35.000$.

Umuvugizi w’igipolisi avuga ko aba babafasha “bakoresha impapuro za magendo mu kurondera ivya ngombwa no mu gusaba ubwenegihugu bwa Argentina”.

Mu butumwa bwahanahanywe ku rubuga rwa Twitter, hariko n’ubutumwa bwo kwamamaza “ukuvukira muri Argentina”, Carignano yaranditse agabisha ati:

"Argentina ifise kahise n’amategeko vyorohereza abimukira bahitamwo kuba mu gihugu barondera kazoza keza. Ibi si ukuvuga ko igihugu gishigikiye imirwi y’inkozi z’ikibi zifasha mu kuronderera ibitabo ndangamuntu vyacu abantu badashaka kuba mu gihugu cacu.

"Abanya-Argentina bafise kimwe mu bitabo ndangamuntu vyiza cane kw’isi. Aka ni akarusho dutegerezwa gukingira”.

Ubufasha bwihariye

Ubufasha bwihariye ku bashaka kuvyarira hanze y’Uburusiya ushobora kubusanga ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi.

(Ubutumwa bwa Instagram buri mu kirusiya bwatanzwe n’ikigo camamaza ibikorwa bijanye n’ubufasha bwo kurondera ivya ngombwa baha abavyeyi b’abana bavukiye muri Argentina)

Urubuga ngurukanabumenyi ruri mu kirusiya rwabonywe na BBC rwemerera ibintu vyinshi abagore bashaka kuvyarira muri Argentina. Uru rubuga rwamamaza ibikorwa vyinshi bijanye n’ubufasha bahabwa harimwo nk’umugambi wihariye wo kuvyara, gutorwa ku kibuga c’indege, kwiga muki-espangol hamwe no kugabanirizwa igiciro mu “bitaro vyiza cane ku mugwa mukuru wa Argentina”.

Uru rubuga ngurukanabumenyi ruvuga ko uwarutanguje asanzwe afasha ingenzi zija kuvyarira hanze kuva mu 2015, kandi ko ari ikompanyi igizwe n'"abanya-Argentina 100%".