Blue Origin : yaba Bezos arimo gusatira Musk mu kugenzura isanzure?

Ikigo cya Jeff Bezos kitwa Blue Origin cyabashije kohereza mu kirere icyogajuru cyacyo gishya kitwa New Glenn kuwa 16 Nzero 2025, cyahagurukiye ku kibuga cy'ibyogajuru cya Cape Canaveral Space Force Station muri leta ya Florida muri Amerika.

Cyagombaga guhaguruka ku wa mbere 13 Nzero, ariko birasubikwa kubera ikibazo cya tekinike, ariko ikigo cy'uyu muherwe washinze isoko ryo kuri internet rya Amazon cyari cyavuze ko kizongera kugerageza kucyohereza mu kirere.

Ibi bije bikurikira intsinzi z'ikigo cya SpaceX cy'umuherwe Elon Musk, harimo kubasha kugarura ku isi nta nkomyi ku nshuro ya mbere igice cy'icyogajuru cyacyo kinini cyane cyitwa Starship.

Ibi bigo bikeba by'aba baherwe byashinzwe hashize imyaka irenga 20. SpaceX yateye intambwe nini mu myaka mike ishize, ariko ikigo New Glenn nikibasha kohereza icyogajuru cyacyo mu kirere nta nkomyi, bizagabanya gute icyuho kiri hagati yabyo?

SpaceX na Blue Origin bimaze kugera kuki?

Space X yohereje icyogajuru Falcon 1 mu kirere muri 2008 kandi iki kigo cyagemuriye bwa mbere ibikoresho icyogajuru mpuzamahanga cya International Space Station (ISS) muri 2012. Kimaze kohereza mu kirere inshuro zirenga 400 icyogajuru cyacyo, Falcon 9, mu gushyira mu kirere za satelite ndetse no koherereza ibikoresho n'abakozi icyogajuru mpuzamahanga cya ISS.

Blue Origin yohereje icyogajuru cyacyo gishya kitwa New Shepard mu isanzure rya hafi mu ngendo 28 - icyenda muri zo zarimo abantu. Ni ingendo ariko zitageze ahantu mu kirere aho ibintu bitangira kuzunguruka isi. Ubu noneho ariko cyabashije kubigeraho.

Ibyo bigo byombi byavumbuye uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura ukuntu icyogajuru kigaruka ku isi no kongera gukoresha ibintu byongerera ingufu ibyogajuru muri gahunda yo kugabanya amafaranga ashobora kugenda ku bantu bifuza gusura isanzure.

SpaceX yakoze ibyogajuru bibiri binini cyane - Falcon Heavy n'ikindi kinini cyane kandi gifite ingufu nyinshi kurusha ibindi byakozwe kitwa Starship. Starship kimaze gukora ingendo z'igerageza esheshatu - n'izindi zitabaye mahire kubera ko ibintu byaturitse ku buryo butangaje.

Mu kwezi kwa 10 k'umwaka ushize, Space X yanditse amateka aho igice cyo hasi cy'icyogajuru cyacyo cya Starship mu kugaruka ku isi cyahagaze neza ku cyuma gihagararaho iyo cyoherezwa mu kirere kandi mu kumanuka cyacyiriwe mu kirere n'ibyuma bibiri bimeze nk'ibiganza.

Icyogajuru New Glenn cya Blue Origin ni kinini cyane kurusha Falcon Heavy ariko ni gitoya cyane kurusha Starship

Igice cyongerera ingufu New Glenn cyakozwe mu buryo gishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Nyuma yo guhaguruka ku isi, haba hagamijwe ko mu kugaruka ku isi icyo gice cyongera ingufu cyitandukanya n'igice gisigaye cy'icyogajuru maze kigahagarara mu bwato bwakorewe kucyakira bwahawe izina rya nyina ya Bezos, Jacklyn, buri mu nyanja ya Atlantic.

Ikigo Blue origin cyari cyavuze ko kititeze byinshi, ngo ariko igikorwa cya mbere cyo kohereza icyo cyogajuru mu kirere nikiramuka kigenze neza azaba ari ibintu bishimishije cyane.

Gahunda y'ubukerarugendo mu kirere ya Blue Origin yatumye abagenda mu byogajuru - umuto cyane witwa Oliber Daemen ufite imyaka 18, n'umukuru kurusha abandi Ed Dwight w'imyaka 90 - babasha kugera ku nkengero z'isanzure. Kuri abo ukongeraho William Shatner wamenyekanye cyane mu kiganiro cyo kuri televiziyo Star Trek ndetse na Bezos ubwe.

Impuguke mu bijyanye n'imyitwarire na politiki y'ubushakashatsi bw'isanzure muri kaminuza ya London School of Economics mu Bwongereza, Dr Jill Stuart agira ati: "Ntawahakana ko SpaceX yateye imbere cyane kandi ko yageze kuri byinshi kurusha Blue Origin".

Yongeyeho ati: "Uko bimeze kose, guverinoma ya Amerika ishishikajwe nuko habaho uguhatana mu masosiyete menshi…. kubera ko biteza imbere guhanga udushya."

Kuki aba baherwe bafite za miliyari z'amadolari barimo gushora imali mu isanzure?

Bwana Musk ni umuyobozi wa X (yahoze ari Twitter), Tesla na SpaceX, akaba n'umuntu ukize cyane ku isi.

Avuga ko ikiremwamuntu kigomba kugenzura indi mibumbe ijya kumera nk'isi kugira ngo kitazazimira burundu kandi yavuze kenshi ko asanga abantu bagombye gukoloniza umugabane wa Mars.

Mu kwerekana imigambi ye mu 2016, yagize ati: "Iyo hatabaho umuntu wiyemeje guhindura imyumvire muri uru rwego, byasaga nkaho tutari mu nzira iyo ari yo yose ituma tuba abantu bagamije kwigarurira isanzure."

Guhera ku itariki ya 1 muri 2025, Forbes yashyize ku rutonde Jeff Bezos washinze ikigo cy'isoko rya interineti Amazon, nk'umuntu wa kabiri mu baherwe ku isi.

Bwana Bezos yeguye ku mirimo ye nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa Amazon mu 2021 kugira ngo yibande cyane kuri Blue Origin.

Yabanje kuvuga ko afite intego yo "kubaka umuhanda ujya mu kirere kugira ngo abana bacu ndetse n'abana babo bashobore kubaka ejo hazaza," yongeraho ati: "tugomba kubikora kugira ngo dukemure ibibazo hano ku isi".

Blue Origin ivuga ko yashinzwe "ifite icyerekezo cyuko za miliyoni z'abantu bazajya kandi bagakorera mu isanzure mu nyungu z'isi."

Ariko uku guhatanira kugenzura isanzure by'aba baherwe kwamaganwe na bamwe babifata nko gukoresha nabi amafaranga bagombye ahubwo gukoresha mu gukemura ibibazo bibangamiye isi nk'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ndetse n'inkingo zidahagije.

Bill Gates, umwe mu bashinze Microsoft, wamaze hafi ubuzima bwe bwose afatwa nk'umuntu ukize kurusha abandi ku isi, yatangarije BBC mu 2023 ati: "Mu byukuri birahenze cyane kujya kuri Mars. Ushobora kugura inkingo z'iseru kandi ukarokora ubuzima bw'abantu ku madolari 1000 kuri buri muntu urokotse ".

Yongeyeho ati: "Ibi rero urebye byagombe gutuma uguma ku isi … ntujye kuri Mars."

Icyogajuru New Glenn kiramutse cyoherejwe neza mu kirere byasobanura iki?

Umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda ya politiki ijyanye n'isanzure muri LSE IDEAS, igice gihurizwamo ibitekerezo muri Kaminuza ya London School of Economics mu Bwongereza, Dr Dimitrios Stroikos, avuga ko New Glenn yoherejwe neza mu kirere yaba "intambwe ikomeye" ku kigo Blue Origin, "bikaba bishobora guhindura imiterere y'ihiganwa riri hagati y'ibigo bikora ibijyanye n'isanzure".

Yongeyeho ati: "Mu gihe kirekire kiri imbere, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutwara inshuro ebyiri ibitwarwa na Falcon 9 ya SpaceX ku giciro kingana bushobora guhangara cyane SpaceX."

Ariko Dr Stroikos avuga ko ubwiganze bwa Bwana Musk "birenze ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibyogajuru mu kirere" binyuze mu rusobekerane rw'imiyoboro ya satelite ya Starlink ya SpaceX itanga interineti yihuse ku isi. Avuga ko ibi biha iki kigo "umwanya wa mbere mu kugera ku ikoranabuhanga no guhuza abantu ku isi".

Na none, ikindi cy'ingenzi muri ibi nuko atari ukureba gusa ufite ubushobozi bwo kohereza mu kirere icyogajuru kinini cyane kurusha undi, ahubwo ugomba no kureba ushobora kwegukana amasoko ya leta muri uru rwego.

Dr Bleddyn Bowen, umwarimu wungirije mu bumenyi bw'isanzure muri kaminuza ya Durham mu Bwongereza, agaragaza ko "ubushakashatsi bwo mu kirere n'ingendo zo kujyayo bikiganjemo amafaranga ava muri leta" kandi ngo "ibigo byigenga bihatanira cyane amasoko ya Leta".

Ni iki Musk na Bezos buri wese avuga ku wundi?

Aba baherwe bombi bafite amateka menshi yo guhangana hagati yabo mu ruhame.

Nk'urugero, mu 2021, Blue Origin yareze leta ya Amerika ku bijyanye n'isoko rya miliyari 2.9 z'amadolari ryo gukora icyogajuru cya NASA cyo kujya ku kwezi SpaceX ya Mr Musk yapiganirwaga na Blue Origin.

Blue Origin yatsinzwe iryo piganwa ariko mu nyuma igirana amasezerano na leta yo gukora ikindi cyogajuru cyo kujya ku kwezi.

Nyuma y'iki cyemezo, Bwana Musk yashyize ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa X agace ko muri filime "Judge Dredd" munsi yandikaho ngo "waciriwe urubanza". Yise kandi ku rubuga rwa X isosiyete ya Mr Bezos izina rya "Sue Origin" bisobanuye "Kurega Origin".

Dr Stuart avuga ko bishoboka ko hashobora kubaho izindi manza mu gihe kiri imbere.

Agira ati: "Abantu nka Elon Musk bakunda kwitwaza ko mu bijyanye n'isanzure umuntu ashobora kwikorera icyo ashatse cyose," ariko mu byukuri hari ibibazo byinshi by'umutekano ndetse n'ibidukikije bagomba kunyuramo kugira ngo babashe kohereza ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu kirere kiri kure cyane. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bishobora kuvamo imanza."

Vuba aha, hari abibajije icyo umubano wa hafi hagati ya Bwana Musk na Donald watowe kongera kuyobora Amerika ushobora gusobanura ku ruhare rw'amasosiyete yigenga muri gahunda z'isanzure za leta ya Amerika.

Bwana Bezos ariko yabwiye Reuters ko nta mpungenge bimuteye.

Ati: "Elon yasobanuye neza ko ibi abikora ku bw'inyungu rusange kandi atari ku nyungu ze bwite". "Kandi ibyo mbifata uko nyine".

Mbere yo kugerageza ku wa mbere kohereza icyogajuru mu kirere, Bwana Musk yifurije Blue Origin "amahirwe menshi " mu butumwa yanditse kuri X.

Ariko mu gihe Blue Origin ikomeje umuvuduko wo gufata SpaceX, aya majwi y'ubwiyunge ashobora kutazaramba.