'Ni mu muriro udahera' -ubuzima mu mabohero yo muri DR Congo

Mu kugerageza kuvuga ingene hameze mw'ibohoero rya Makala - ahaguye abanyororo benshi igihe bagerageza kumena ngo batoroke bikanka muri RD Congo muri iyi ndwi iheze - abantu babiri bigeze gupfungirwayo bakoresheje neza na neza amajambo amwe: ''umuriro udahera''.

''Makala ni umuriro udahera vy'ukuri,'' Stanslas Bujakera, umunyamakuru yigeze kuhapfungirwa niko yabwiye BBC mu kuvuga iryo bohero rya mbere rinini muri RD Congo.

Bujakera yarungitswe muri iryo bohero rya Makala mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga (9) mu mwaka uheze, inyuma y'aho abategetsi bamwagiririje ko yanditse inkuru ivuga ko igisirikare coba caragize uruhara mu rupfu rw'umunyaporitike atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. Yamazeyo amezi atandatu.

''Makala si ibohero, ni ahantu ho gupfungira abantu hameze nk'ikambi yo gukonganirizamwo [camp de concentration] aho abantu barungikwa gupfa,'' niko avuga.

Iryo bohero, riri ku murwa mukuru Kinshasa, rifise ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu 1.500 ariko ririmwo abandi barenga 10.000.

Abo bantu barundanyeko barimwo abakoze ivyaha bito bito, abanyaporitike n'abicanyi.

Amashirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yasemereye kera avuga ingene abanyororo muri iryo bohero babayeho nabi, harimwo kurundanako, kurya nabi ko kutaronka amazi meza.

Kuva ibara riguye muri iryo bohero muri iyi ndwi, ubwo buzima bwo muri iryo bohero bwongeye kuvugwa cane.

Inyuma y'aho abanyororo isinzi bageragereje kumena iryo bohero rya Makala ngo batoroke mu gicugu co ku wa mbere, abanyororo 129 barahasize ubuzima, nk'uko vyavuzwe n'umushikiranganji w'intwaro yo hagati, Jacquemain Shabani.

Hafi 20 muri abo bararashwe barapfa- igihe bariko baragerageza gutoroka, ku bwa Shabani, ariko benshi bishwe n'umusunikano no kubura impwemu.

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Bane mu bacitse kw'icumu babwiye ikinyamakuru New York Times ko imbere y'uko haba kugerageza gutoroka, hari haheze umunsi urenga hari abanyororo bapfungiwe mu busho bupfunganye kandi bw'ubushuhe bwinshi ata mazi ahari canke amatara ngo batse ivyuma bitanga akayaga.

Abanyororo bamwe ubwa mbere bari batanguye kumena ubwo busho kugira bave muri ubwo bushuhe, nk'uko bavuze.

Bujakera avuga ko ivyo bimenyerewe - amabombo ''akenshi birashika akuma i Makala, amatara nayo ni rimwe rimwe, abanyororo bakamara iminsi mu mwijima''.

''Abanyororo ni abantu bahebwe, mu bucucikirane n'isuku rike bituma baduzanya kandi bakwiragiza indwara,'' nk'uko abandanya avuga.

Bujakera avuga ko abanyororo bapfa ''buri munsi'' kubera uko babayeho.

Rostin Manketa, umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa muri La Voix des Sans Voix, ishirahamwe ryo muri Congo riharanira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu, na we nyene abivuga uko.

Yaragendeye Makala incuro nyinshi aca asanga ko iyo umuntu arungitswe mw'ibohero rya Makala, ''bisa n'uko aba arungitswe mu muriro udahera''.

Ama video yafashwe na Bujakera igihe yari apfungiwe i Makala yerekana abanyororo baharurwa mu mirongo baryamye, bagundana ata saganirizo hasi mu cumba cuzuye vy'umurengera.

Amaguru n'amaboko usanga yasobekeranye, bamwe mu bagabo bagahitamwo -bisaba kwigengesera cane - kuryama hejuru y'umukingo ugabura utwumba tw'ubwogero.

Ibintu ni vyiza gusumba mu ruhande rw'abategetsi (VIP) muri iryo bohero rya Makala ariko si benshi bashobora kuronka amafaranga yo kuhariha - ho, nk'akarorero, uraronka igitanda kandi ukagukirwa.

Bujakera yasabwe kuriha amadorari ($) 3.000 (hafi umuririyoni w'amafaranga y'Uburundi ku rugero rwo muri banki) kugira abe muri VIP ariko amaherezo yarashoboye kugabanirizwa gushika ku $450 kugira abe aho hantu.

Yabwiye BBC ati: ''Ubusumbane mu butunzi hagati y'abanyororo butuma basumbana no kubaho mw'ibohero...abakenye kurusha abandi baba ngaho nk'abahebwe.''

Ikindi, abakora mw'ibohero rya Makala baboneka gake cane. Kwubahiriza amategeko n'ukwigenza neza bikorwa n'abanyororo ubwabo.

''Abanyororo nibo bitegeka ubwabo,'' vyavuzwe na Fred Bauma mu kiganiro BBC Focus on Africa muri iyi ndwi. Bauma n'uwuharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yapfungiwe i Makala kuva muri Ntwarante(3) 2015 gushika muri Myandagaro(8) 2016.

''Umenga uba ugiye mu kindi gihugu aho usanga iyindi reta hanyuma ukiga kwubahiriza amategeko y'aho.''

Bujakera avuga ko uko kwitunganiriza intwaro kudakora neza kandi gutuma haba intanbara y'ububasha, intureka hamwe n'amatati hagati y'abanyororo.

Ariko Makala si ryo bohero ryonyene aho abanyororo babayeho nabi cane - amabohero mu gihugu cose arangwa no guhabwa uburyo buke no kubamwo umurengera w'abantu.

Ku bw'umugambi World Prison Brief, amabohero ya RD Congo aza ubugira gatandatu mu yarimwo ubucucikirane cane kw'isi.

Abetegetsi baramaze kwemera ico kibazo akatari gake. Inyuma y'ivyashitse ku wa mbere, icegera c'umushikiranganji ajejwe ubutungane yataye ishavu ku bacamanza ko ari bo batuma haba umurengera mu mabohero, kuko ''n'abantu bakekwako ivyaha gusa barungikwa mw'ibohero''.

Abanyororo benshi nta rubanza baracirwa ariko ugasanga bamaze amezi n'ayandi mu munyororo - canke mbere imyaka - barindiriye kuburana.

Ikindi kibazo kinegurwa cane mu mabohero ya RD Congo ni ivyo kurya.

Muri Makala, abanyororo barya rimwe gusa ku munsi - ariko n'iryo rimwe ivyo kurya ntibikwije ivyo umubiri ukeneye.

Amafoto yafashwe na Bujakera yerekana ubugari bw'ibigori -indya iribwa cane muri Congo - bwumagaye, buherekejwe n'imboga umenga zarumye.

Kugira ntibahave bagwara indwara zo kurya nabi, abanyororo benshi bafashwa n'incuti mu kubagemurira ivyo kurya.

Ariko si bose bafise ababagemurira.

Mu 2017, hari ishirahamwe ry'abagiraneza ryavuze ko abanyororo 17 bapfuye bishwe n'inzara igihe ivyo kurya vyari vyabuze mw'ibohero.

Manketa avuga ko uko abanyororo babayeho i Makala bishobora kuba ari vyo vyatumye biheba ngo bagerageze gutoroka.

Avuga ko kugira ibintu nk'ivyo ntibizosubire kuba, abategetsi bakwiye kwubaka ayandi mabohero bakanasubiramwo ayahasanzwe.

Bujakera, ubu aba muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, avuga ko ivyo bikwiye gukorwa vuba.

Ni ubutungane ''burwaye'', nk'uko yidoga avuga, akaga kashitse ku wa mbere kerekanye ko abantu bapfa bitwa ko barindiriye urukiza.

Iyi nkuru yongerejwe na Emery Makumeno wa BBC i Kinshasa.