Tahura ico ari co USAID n'igituma Trump arondera kuyugara?

Kazoza k'ikigo ca Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gitanga imfashanyo mu makungu kari mu mayira abiri, inyuma y'aho abakozi baco bugaraniwe hanze, mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Trump butegura kugishira mu minwe y'ubushikiranganji bujejwe imigenderanire.

Ikigo USAID (United States Agency for International Development) gishobora kubandanya gikora nk'ishami ry'ubu bushikiranganji, ariko ni integuro irimwo igabanywa rinini ry'amahera gikoresha hamwe n'abakozi, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikimenyeshamakuru CBS News, gikorana na BBC muri Amerika.

Ejo ku wa mbere, umushikiranganji ajejwe imigenderanire Marco Rubio yagirije uburongozi bwa USAID "ukutubaha", avuga ko ubu ari we "mukuru mfatakibanza wayo".

Perezida Donald Trump n'umwe mu bajenama biwe bakuru, umutunzi ruhebwa Elon Musk, baranegura bikomeye iki kigo.

Iyi ngingo yo kucugara ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku migambi y'ubutabazi kw'isi yose.

USAID ni iki, ikora iki?

USAID yashinzwe mu ntango z'imyaka ya 1960 kugira ngo ihagararire ibikorwa vyo gutanga imfashanyo kw'izina rya Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kw'isi yose.

Ikoresha abantu bababa 10.000, bibiri vya bitatu muri bo bakaba bakorera mu makungu.

Ifise ibigo mu bihugu birenga 60 ikaba ikorera mu bindi biharurwa muri mirongo.

Gusa vyinshi mu bikorwa vyayo ku rubuga birangurwa n'ayandi mashirahamwe akorana nayo kandi agahabwa amafaranga na USAID.

Ibikorwa irangura ni vyinshi cane. Nk'akarorero, USAID ntitanga gusa ibifungurwa mu bihugu bifise abantu bahanganye n'ikibazo c'inzara, irafise kandi ubuhinga bwo kuburira ibihugu kw'isi bishobora kugeramirwa na kigoyi.

Amafaranga menshi ya USAID akoreshwa mu migambi ijanye n'amagara y'abantu, nk'ugutanga incanco z'indwara ya polio mu bihugu bikirangwamwo iyo ndwara, hamwe no gufasha guhagarika ikwirakwira ry'imigera ishobora guteza ikiza.

Igisata ca BBC kijejwe ugufashanya biciye mw'itangazamakuru, BBC Media Action, kikaba gikoresha imfashanyo ziva hanze no mu ntererano z'abagiraneza, kirahabwa amafaranga na USAID.

Nk'uko biri mu cegeranyo co mu 2024, USAID yatanze imiriyoni 3.23 z'amadorari y'Abanyamerika, ivyatumye iba iya kabiri mu mashirahamwe atanga imfashanyo y'amafaranga muri uwo mwaka.

Reta ya Amerika iha USAID amafaranga angana gute?

Nk'uko ibiharuro bivyerekana, reta ya Amerika yakoresheje imiriyaridi 68 z'amadorari y'Abanyamerika mu mfashanyo mpuzamakungu mu 2023.

Aya mafaranga yashizwe mu bisata n'amashirahamwe atandukanye, ariko ayahawe USAID arenga ica kabiri c'ayo, hafi imiriyaridi 40.

Menshi muri ano mafaranga akoreshwa muri Aziya, muri Afrika yo munsi ya Sahara, hamwe n' i Bulaya - ahanini mu bikorwa vy'ubutabazi muri Ukraine.

Amerika ni yo itanga amahera menshi kw'isi mu bikorwa mpuzakamungu biraba iterambere.

Ubwongereza buza mu kibanza ca kane mu bihugu bitanga imfashanyo. Mu 2023, bwatanze imiriyaridi zababa 18.9 z'amadorari y'Abanyamerika, hafi ica kane c'ayatanzwe na Amerika.

Kubera iki Donald Trump na Elon Musk bashaka guhindura USAID?

Kuva kera na rindi, Trump yamye anegura amafaranga akoreshwa mu mahanga, kandi avuga ko ata gaciro bizanira abatangakori ba Amerika. Yariziziye cane USAID mu kuyinegura bikomeye, aho avuga ko abayirongoye ari "abanyamanyanga babi".

Ingingo yo gufuta iki kigo ishobora gushigikirwa cane mu gihugu. Kuva kera, ivyiyumviro vyegeranywa vyerekana ko abanyagihugu ba Amerika bashima ko amahera akoreshwa mu mfashanyo mpuzamakungu agabanywa. Nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo Chicago Council on Global Affairs, ivyiyumviro vyegeranijwe mu myaka ya 1970 yvyerekana ko abanyagihugu benshi bashigikiye ingingo yo kugabanya imfashanyo.

Imwe mu ngingo zafashwe na Trump amaze gusubira ku butegetsi yabaye iyo gutera igikumu kw'itegeko bwirizwa rihagarika mu kiringo mfatakibanza hafi amafaranga yose y'imfashanyo itangwa kw'isi yose mu misi 90 mu kurindira ko haba isubirwamwo.

Haciye hasohorwa urwandiko rw'ubushikiranganji bujejwe imigenderanire ruhagarika ibikorwa hafi vyose bikorerwa ku rubuga mi bihugu bitandukanye. Mu nyuma hahavuye hasohoka urwandiko rurekura ukubandanya imigambi y'ubutabazi, ariko iyi ngingo yarahungabanije ibikorwa mpuzamakungu vy'iterambere inatuma n'ibikorwa bihungabana ahatari hake.

Imigambi irimwo iyo guha imiti ibihugu bikenye gusumba ibindi n'iyo gutanga amazi meza vyabaye ngombwa ko ihagarara mw'ijoro rimwe. Umwe mu bakozi b'inararibonye mu bikorwa vy'ubutabazi yabwiye BBC ko iyi ngingo yabaye "nka nyamugigima mu gisata co gutanga imfashanyo".

Icuka kibi hagati ya Maison Blanche/White House na USAID cariyongereye cane mu mpera z'indwi iheze, igihe vyavugwa ko abakozi ba Elon Musk, umutegetsi yahawe na Trump igikorwa co kuraba ingene amahera akoreshwa na reta yogabanywa, batswe uburenganzira bwo gushikira amakuru ajanye n'amafaranga icicaro gikuru ca USAID gikoresha.

Inyuma y'aho, babiri mu bajejwe umutekano bakuru kuri ico icaro baciye bashirwa mu kiruhuko, nk'uko amakuru abivuga.

Ejo ku wa mbere, mu kiyago cariko kibera ku rubuga hwaniro rwa X, Musk yavuze ati: "Ku bijanye n'ukuntu ibintu bimeze kuri USAID, narabiganiriyeko na [perezida] mu buryo burambuye maze yemera ko dukwiye kuyugara".

Urubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwa USAID rwarugaye hanyuma abakozi babwirwa ko boguma i muhira ku wa mbere.

Mu nyuma ejo nyene ku wa mbere, umushikiranganji w'imigenderanire Marco Rubio yagirije uburongozi bwa USAID "ukutubaha", avuga ko ubu ari we "mukuru mfatakibanza wayo".

Yongeyeko ko "ibikorwa vyinshi" bikorwa n'ico kigo bizobandanya ariko ko amafaranga akoreshwa "ategerezwa kuba ahuye n'inyungu z'igihugu".

None Donald Trump arashobora kwugara USAID?

Naho bigaragara ko Maison Blanche ifise ububasha bukomeye kuri USAID, ubwo bubasha burafise aho bugarukira.

USAID yabayeho inyuma y'uko inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka yemeje itegeko ryo gufasha amakungu mu 1961. Iryo tegeko ryategetse ko hashingwa ikigo ca reta gihagararira amahera akoreshwa mu mahanga.

Haciye igihe gito, itegeko bwirizwa ry'uwari umukuru w'igihugu ico gihe, John F Kennedy ryashinze USAID. Mu 1998 hashizweho irindi tegeko ryemeje USAID rifise ububasha bwose bwo gukora nk'ikigo cigenga.

Muri make, ibi bisigura ko Trump adashobora gufuta USAID uko nyene mu gutera igikumu kw'itegeko bwirizwa, kandi n'aho yobigerageza amasentare hamwe n'inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka bashobora kubirwanya bikomeye.

Kwugara USAID vyosaba ko inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka zibanza kuvyemeza, aha naho umugambwe w'Abarepubulikani ba Trump ukaba ufise ubwiganze butoya hompi.

Imwe mu nzira zivugwa ko ziriko zirigwa n'ubutegetsi bwa Trump ni uguhindura USAID ikaba neza na neza ishami ry'ubushikiranganji b'imigenderanire, aho kuba ikigo ca reta cigenga.

Indinganizo nk'iyi ntiyoba ibaye iya mbere kw'isi: mu 2020, uwari umushikiranganji wa mbere w'Ubwongereza ico gihe, Boris Johnson, yarahuje igisata kijejwe iterambere mpuzamakungu n'ubushikiranganji bujejwe imigenderanire.

Abashikiranganji ico gihe bavuze ko iyi ngingo yari gutuma amafaranga akoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamakungu ashigikira intumbero zagutse za reta mu bijanye n'imigenderanire - ariko abayinegura bagabishije ko yari gutuma abafise ubuhinga mu gisata c'imfashanyo bagabanuka, kandi ikanatuma igihagararo c'Ubwongereza mu makungu gihungabana.

Iyugarwa rya USAID rishobora kugira ingaruka nyabaki?

Kubera amafaranga atangwa na Amerika ari ku rugero ntagereranywa, impinduka izo ari zo zose zjanye n'ingene ayo mahera akoreshwa nta nkeka ko zizogira ingaruka kw'isi yose.

Ibikorwa vya USAID biva ku gutanga amaguru n'amaboko vy'ibikorano ku basirikare bakomeretse muri Ukraine, gushika ku gukuraho amamine no guhagarika ikwirakwira rya Ebola muri Afirika. Ukuri ni uko ingaruka zishobora kuba kw'isi yose.

Inyuma y'aho hatangarijwe iyi ngingo yo guhagarika itagwa ry'amafaraga mu kiringo c'imisi 90, umushikiranganji ajejwe imigenderanire Marco Rubio yavuze ko "buri dorari ryose" ritegerezwa "gushigikirwa" n'icemeza ko rizanira Amerika umutekano, inguvu n'iterambere.

Abanyapolitike b'umugambwe w'abademokarate bavuga ko izi ngingo ziteye kubiri n'amategeko kandi ko zishobora gutuma umutekano w'igihugu uhungabana.

Bafatira ku makuru avuga ko abacungera amabohero muri Syria, aba bakaba bari bashinzwe gucungera ibihumbi vy'abarwanyi b'umuhari wiyita Reta ka Kisilamu, bahatswe guhagarika akazi igihe amafaranga atangwa na Amerika yahagarara mu kiringo gito.

Trump asobanura neza ko yipfuza ko amafaranga akoreshwa mu mahanga ajana cane n'intego yiwe izwi nka "America First" (twogereranya na Amerika imbere ya vyose), urwego rw'iterambere mpuzamakungu rukaba rwiteguriye guhangana n'izindi nzitizi.

Hari kandi ibibazo ku bijanye n'urugero rw'amahera Amerika izotanga mu mahanga mu myaka iri imbere, mu gihe Musk – ku bubasha ahabwa na Trump – ariko agerageza kugabanya amamiriyaridi n'amamiriyaridi mu mafaranga reta ikoresha.