Gusubiriza ingingo z'umubiri kugira ntuzopfe: Xi na Putin boba hari ico bubuye?

Vyoba bishoboka kuzokwamaho hakoreshejwe gusubiriza ingingo z'umubiri? Ni ikintu kitari citezwe caje mu biyago vy'abakuru b'Ubushinwa Xi Jinping n'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin igihe bahura kuri defire ya gisirikare i Beijing.

Uwahindura indimi, avuga mu ki-Mandarin kw'izina (mu mwanya) rya Putin, yabwiye Xi ingene ingingo z'umubiri w'umuntu zishobora kuguma zisubirizwa ''ku buryo umuntu aguma aba muto kurusha'' n'aho imyaka iba iguma yiyongera, gutyo agashobora kubaho imyaka ataco imubwiye ''ubutagira iherezo''.

''Biritezwe ko muri iki kinjana bishobora kuzoshoboka ko umuntu abaho imyaka 150,'' niko yongeyeko.

Ingene bamwenyuye n'ingene batwenze vyerekana ko bishoboka ko zari inkuru bariko bariterera batebura, ariko hari ico boba bubuye?

Ingingo zo gusubiriza izindi nta nkeka ko zirokora ubuzima – mu Bwongereza, abantu barenga 100.000 bararokotse muri iyi myaka 30 iheze, nk'uko bivugwa n'ishami ry'urwego rwitaho amagara y'abantu NHS Blood and Transplant [Amaraso n'ugusubiriza ingingo].

Kandi iterambere riguma ribandanya mu buvuzi no mu buhinga rituma ingingo zitewe mu muntu zimara igihe kirekire gusumba.

Hari abatewe ifyigo riramara imyaka irenga 50 rikora.

Igihe ingingo itewe mu muntu imara kivana n'ingene amagara y'uwayitanze n'uwayihawe aba yifashe – n'ingene rero ibandanya yitabwaho.

Nk'akarorero, hamwe woronka ifyigo uhawe n'umuntu akiri muzima, ushobora kwitega ko rimara imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 25.

Uronse irivuye ku muntu yapfuye, ico gihe gica kigabanuka ku myaka iri hagati ya 15 na 20.

Bivana kandi n'ubwoko bw'iyo ngingo.

Igitigu (canke umwijima mu Kinyarwanda) gishobora kumara imyaka 20, umutima imyaka 15 nayo amahaha hafi imyaka 10, ku bw'icigwa casohotse mu kinyamakuru Journal of Medical Economics.

Itike y'ubuzima budahera?

Putin na Xi bashobora kuba bavuga ivyo guterwa ingingo nyinshi kandi kumbure ziguma zisubirizwa.

Ariko, kubagwa ni ikintu kinini, kijana n'urugero runini rwo gushobora kuhagirira ingorane. Igihe cose ugiye ku mbugita uba usa n'uwuriko arakina rudo (jeu de dés/dice game), bisiguye ko bishobora kugenda neza canke nabi.

Gushika ubu abantu batewe ingingo nshasha bategerezwa gufata kandi imiti ikomeye ibuza ko umubiri wohava uyanka, izwi nka immunosuppresseurs/immunosuppressants ubuzima bwabo bwose. Iyo miti irashobora kugira ingaruka, nk'ukwongereza umuvuduko w'amaraso, kandi ikongereza ivyago vyo kurwara ibisebuzi (infections).

Kwanka – iyo uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo kwivuna butanguye kurwanya ya ngingo waterwa kuko bwamenye ko yavuye mu wundi muntu – rimwe na rimwe birashobora gushika n'ubwo woba uri kuri iyo miti.

Ingingo zihuye n'uko uvyifuza

Abahinga bariko barakora kugira haboneke ingingo zidashobora kwankwa n'umubiri, bakoresheje ingurube ziba zahinduriwe imero nk'izoheza zigatanga izo ngingo.

Hakoreshwa ubuhinga buzwi nka crispr bwo kuvanamwo uduce tumwe tumwe ndangakemere (gene/gène) tw'ingurube hanyuma bakongeramwo uduce ndangakamere tw'umuntu kugira iyo ngingo irushirize guhura neza n'umubiri.

Kworora ingurube zidasanzwe kugira ivyo bishoboke ni co coba ciza, nk'uko abahinga bavuga, kuko ingingo zayo ahanini zingana [mu bunini] n'iz'abantu.

Ubuhinga buracari ku rugero rwo kwiga ko bishoboka, ariko gutera umutima n'ifyigo biramaze kuba.

Abagabo babiri bemeye ko baterwa izo ngingo babaye imbanzaguseruka muri ico gisata c'ubuvuzi bishingiye ku gutera ingingo.

Bompi kuva ico gihe barapfuye ariko barafashije mw'iterambere rya xenotransplantation – ni ukuvuga kwimura uturemangingo, agace k'umubiri canke ingingo uzivanye mu bwoko bumwe bw'ikiremwa ukabushira ku kindi c'ubundi bwoko.

Iyindi nzira iriko irigwa ni iyo gukora ingingo nshasha hakoreshwejwe uturemangingo twa twebwe abantu.

Stem cells - mu Congereza canke cellules souches mu Gifaransa - uturemangingo twonyene dufise ubushobozi bwo kwigwiza no gukora imirimo itandukanye – dufise ubushobozi kwo gukurira mu kandi karemangingo ako ari ko kose canke agace ako ari ko kose k'umubiri.

Nta mugwi w'ubushakashatsi urashobora gukora ingingo z'umubiri zikora ukuri kwamye kandi zishobora kwimurirwa mu muntu, ariko abahinga bariko baravyegereza.

Mu kwezi kwa Kigarama(12) mu 2020, abashakashatsi bo mu Bwongereza kuri Kaminuza ya UCL n'ikigo Francis Crick Institute barongeye kwubaka thymus – ingingo ikomeye mu buryo bwo kwikingira indwara – bakoresheje uturemangingo two mu bwoko bwa cellules souches tw'umuntu hamwe n'igikwa co kwubakirako uturemangingo (bioengineered scaffold/échafaudage de bio-ingénierie).

Iyo bitewe mu mbeba mu kugerageza, bisa n'ibikora.

Abahinga bo ku bitaro vya Great Ormond Street Hospital i Londres nabo bavuga ko bakoze utwomeke tw'insogi z'umuntu bakoresheje uturemangingo tw'ubwoko bwa cellules souches bakuye ku murwayi dushobora umunsi umwe kuzofasha gukora utwoterwa abana – umwe umwe bivanye uko ateye – insogi zabo zoba zanse gukora neza.

Ariko ivyo vyose biriko birashikwako ni ivyo kuvura uwurwaye, aho kuba ivyo gutuma umuntu aramba imyaka 150.

Hagati aho, rwishingiramirimo w'Umunyamerika Bryan Johnson, amaze gusohora miriyoni z'amadorari agerageza kugabanya imyaka amaze.

Ntaragerageza guterwa ingingo nshasha – ku vyo tuzi gushika ubu – ariko yariteye amaraso y'umuhungu wiwe w'imyaka 17.

Ariko ubu yarabihagaritse, inyuma yo kubona ko ata kunguko no kuguma akurikiranirwa hafi n'ibigo nk'ikijejwe kugenzura ivyo kurya hamwe n'imiti (Food and Drug Administration).

Muganga Julian Mutz wo kuri Kaminuza y'ubuganga King's College London yavuze ko uretse ivyo guterwa ingingo, hariko harigwa ivyo gusubiriza amaraso, ariko biracari ku rugero rwo kuraba ko vyokora.

Ati: "Ko ivyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ifadika ku gihe c'ubuzima, na cane cane imyaka myinshi ishoboka umuntu yomara, ntawurabibona neza, n'ubwo abahinga babishizemwo umwete cane."

Umwigisha wa kaminuza Prof Neil Mabbott, umuhinga mu ndwara zitera (zifata) ubushobozi bwo kwigwanira bw'umubiri, wo mu kigo Roslin Institute, kuri Kaminuza ya Edinburgh, akekeranya ko kubaho gushika ku myaka 125 ishobora kuba ari yo ntarengwa.

''Umuntu vyahinyujwe ko yaramvye kurusha abandi ni umugore w'Umufaransakazi Jeanne Calment yamaze imyaka 122, hagati ya 1875 na 1997'', niko yabwiye BBC News.

Kandi mu gihe ingingo zononekaye canke zapfuye zishobora gusubirizwa n'interano, uko dusaza niko umubiri wacu ugabanuka inguvu zo gushobora kwihanganira imiruho.

"Bica bitangura kutugora kurwanya ibisebuzi, imibiri yacu ica itangura kuba magoyagi gusumba, tugatangura gukarirwa no kuvunika canke gukomereka kandi ubushobozi bwo gukira no gusubira gusokana bukagabanuka.

"Umuruho wo kubagwa ngo baterwe ingingo, hamwe no kuguma bafata imiti kugira umubiri ntiwanke iyo ngingo y'interano, wovuna cane abantu bageze ku myaka myinshi nk'abo."

Prof Neil Mabbott avuga ko aho kwitaho ivyo kurondera kwongereza imyaka yo kubaho, tworwana no kugira amagara meza mu myaka tuzomara.

Prof Mabbott yavuze ati: ''Kurushirizaho kuramba, ariko ukama mu ndwara zijana n'ubusaza, wama ugenda mu bitaro wongera ugaruka kugira uterwe iyindi ngingo sinumva ko ndabihahamiye nk'inzira yo kubaho mu busaza bwanje!"