Japan - Okinawa: Amajana n’amajana ‘bategetswe kwiyahura’ hakwishikana ku Banyamerika

Shigeaki Kinjo yari afise imyaka 16 igihe amajana n’amajana y’Abayapani mw’izinga ry’Ubuyapani akomokamwo batangura kwiyahura. Wewe yafashe ingingo yahavuye iranga ubuzima bwiwe bwose.

Mu gihe c’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose, Kinjo n’abandi banyagihugu baba mu mazinga ya Ryükyü bari batewemwo ivyiyumviro vy’uko mu gihe ingabo za Amerika zari kuramuka ziteye igihugu ciwe, ko bari kugandagurwa abagore nabo bagafatwa ku nguvu.

Babateyemwo ivyiyumviro vy’uko hako bahura n’ako kabi, vyari kubabera vyiza biyahuye. Igisirikare C’Ubuyapani ico gihe, cari kizwi nka Imperial Japanese Army, cari canahaye abasivire ibisasu ntezwantoke (grenades) kugira ngo bite ku bansi babo bace babituritsa, ariko abatari bake barananiwe.

Igihe abasirikare ba Amerika bashika, Kinjo yabonye umugabo yari akuze yicisha ubuhiri umuryango wiwe wose, na we aca yiyemeza gukora uko nyene.

"Rero, twibaza ko ari yo nzira yonyene twari dufise. Turi kumwe na mukurwanje, twarishe mama, hanyuma twica batoyi bacu, umuhungu n’umukobwa”, niko Kinjo yavugiye mu kiganiro yagiranye n’ikigo ndangamurage c’Ubwongereza, Imperial War Museum, mu 1998.

Iyo niyo yabaye intango yo kwiyahura ku gahato kw’abasivire kwabandanije mu gihe c’urugamba rwo kurwanira izinga rya Okinawa (Battle of Okinawa), intambara ikomeye cane yatanguye kw’igenekerezo rya mbere Ndamukiza nk’uno musi, kandi ikaba yagize uruhara rudasanzwe mu kurangiza intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose mu 1945.

Ariko, kugira ngo aka kabi kabe haraciye imyaka 78, ni vyiza gutahura ingene ibintu vyari bimeze.

"Twese twashaka kwiyahura"

Ku birometero amajana mu bumanuko bushira uburengero bw’umugwa mukuru Tokyo, izinga rya Okinawa ni ryo rinini mu yagize amazinga ya Ryükyü yigeze kuba ari igihugu cigenga ariko kuva mu 1879 aca yegukira Ubuyapani.

Aka kahise k’iri zinga karakunze gushirwako isano n’imwe mu ntambara zatikiriyemwo indiri y’abantu mw’ibahari Pasifike (Océan Pacifique) mu gihe c’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose.

"Abanya-Okinawa bazi ko ivyabereye mu Ntambara ya Okinawa bitari bisanzwe kubera batafatwa nk’abayapani buzuye”, ibi bivugwa na Kirsten Ziomek, umuhinga mu vya kahise arongoye igisata c’ivyigwa vyerekeranye na Aziya kw’ishure kaminuza Adelphi University muri Amerika, ubu akaba ariko arandika igitabo kuvyo abasangwabutaka baboneye muri iyo ntambara yo muri Pasifike.

Inyuma y’imisi mike ingabo zishize hamwe (Alliés/Allied) ziteye amazinga ya Kerama ari naho Kinjo yahoze aba, zaciye zirondera kwigarurira Okinawa kugira ngo zihubake ikirindiro ntamenwa cari kubashoboza gutera utundi turere tw’Ubuyapani. Mu kwihora, iki gihugu gica gitegura ibitero vy’indege vy’ubwiyahuzi ku mato y’intambara, ibihumbi n’ibihumbagiza vy’ingabo zirwanira ku butaka navyo bihanganye n’umwansi hasi, akenshi zikoresha amasenga mu gukwepa amabombe.

Bizwi ko mu misi 82 y’intambara ya Okinawa, abasirikare b’Ubuyapani bababa 100.000 ari bo bahatikiriye, hamwe n’ingabo za Amerika zirenga 12.000, be n’abasivire bababa 100.000, harimwo n’amajana bategetswe kwiyahura.

Ziomek aracemeza neza ko ikintu gikomeye muri uku kwiyahura mu kivunga kwabera mu bibanza vyaba birimwo abasirikare b’Ubuyapani, ariko mu bibanza vyarimwo abasivire habaye ikintu gitandukanye: baremeza neza ko vyobabera vyiza bo nyene biyatse ubuzima.

Ziomek abwira BBC ati: "Ubwiyahuzi bw’ikivunga bwatikiriyemwo amajana n’amajana, bwabaye kubera igisirikare c’Ubuyapani cabahatira kwiyahura. Ivyabaye ni agahomerabunwa”.

Igitigiri nyezina c’abasivire biyahuriye muri iyo ntambara ya Okinawa ntikirigera gishirwa ahabona.

Bamwe mu bahinga bavuga ko ibinyamakuru vyamamaza ubutegetsi bw’Ubuyapani, ari navyo vyerekana Abanyamerika nk’inyamaswa bikanashimagiza abasivire biyahura ku gutinya ko bagwa mu minwe y’ingabo za Amerika mu 1944 mu ntambara y’izinga rya Saipan riri mu mazinga ya Mariana, na vyo nyene bishobora kuba vyaroheje abatari bake muri Okinawa kwiyaka ubuzima bwabo bo nyene.

Ariko abatari bake mu bacitse kw’icumu kuri iryo zinga bagiriza igisirikare c’Ubuyapani ko ari co cakokeza, gihamagarira abasivire kwiyahura, ku ruhande rumwe kubera catinya ko hagira amabanga babwira umwansi yari yateye, ku rundi naho bikavana n’uko gufatwa mpiri ukagirwa impfungwa vyari biteye isoni.

Umwe muri bo ni Takejiro Nakamura yiboneye ingene nyina wiwe yanize mushikiwe akoresheje umugozi, inyuma yo kumusaba ko ari we yotangura gupfa.

Mu gishingantahe yahaye BBC mu 2007, Nakamura yavuze ati: "Twese twashaka kwiyahura kubera twari twizeye igisirikare c’igihugu. Jewe vyose ndabishira ku gisirikare c’igihugu. Mushikanje aba afise abana n’abuzukuru”.

Uwundi mucikacumu, Mitsuoko Oshiro, yibuka ingene muri uwo mwaka umusirikare yamuhaye grenade, akamubwira ko mu gihe atari kuyikoresha mu kwiyica no kwica umuryango wiwe Abanyamerika bashobora kumusambanya ku nguvu no kumukorera iyica rubozo.

Yibuka ati: "Naripfuza gupfa, ariko biranka. Twahungiye mu misozi igihe Abanyamerika batereye, ariko ntaco batugize, baraturetse turagenda”.

Hagati aho, 11 bo mu muryango wiwe baremeye amategeko bahawe yo kwiyahura, bakaba barapfuye banyoye isumu y’imbeba.

Ingaruka zidahera

Kubona ibi vyagiye gushirwa ahabona mu 2007 si ikintu caje nk’impanuka.

Muri uwo mwaka hadutse impari inyuma y’aho reta y’Ubuyapani isabiye guhindura no kworosha inzandiko zimwe zimwe ziri mu bitabo vyo mu mshure zavuga ko igisirikare categetse abanya-Okinawa kwiyahura aho kwishikana.

Bamwe mu Bayapani bari bamaze imyaka batabona neza kahise kabi k’intambara k’igihugu cabo.

Ariko izo mpinduka zari zisabwe mu bitabo vya kahise mu mashure yisumbuye zatumye haduka imwe mu myiyerekano ikomeye itari ikunze kuboneka kuri iri zinga gushika ico gihe: abantu barenga 100.000 barihaye amabarabara biyamiriza izo mpinduka.

Kinjo ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye bari muri iyo myiyerekano. Yaratanze igishingantahe ku vyamubayeko mu gihe c’intambara mu manza zatumye hamenyekana uruhara rw’igisirikare c’Ubuyapani muri ubwo bwiyahuzi bw’ikivunga.

Iyo yabaye intambwe idasanzwe ku muntu nka Kinjo, aho inyuma yo kurokoka intambara hanyuma akagirwa impfungwa n’Abanyamerika, vyamufashe imyaka 20 kugira ngo ashobore kuvuga amahano yaciyemwo. Yapfuye mu kw’indwi kw’umwaka uheze afise imyaka 93, azize indwara y’umutima.

Impari zadutse kuri izi mpinduka zarerekanye ingene iki kibazo c’ubwiyahuzi bw’ikivunga kikiri inkoramutima muri Okinawa.

Ubuyapani bumaze kumanika amaboko muri iyo ntambara, bwaciye bwegurira Amerika iryo zinga rya Okinawa gushika mu 1972, n’aho ibirindiro vy’igisirikare ca Amerika kuri iri zinga na vyo nyene vyateje impari n’imyiyerekano kuva ico gihe.

Ikibazo kimwe ata nyishu nyayo gifise ni ukumenya nimba uku kwiyahura mu kivunga kw’abasivire ba Okinawa kwoba bwaragize uruhara mu nzira iyi canke iriya ku ngingo ya Amerika yo gutera vya bibombe ruhonyanganda vy’ubumara ku bisagara vya Hirosima na Nagasaki muri Myandagaro (8) 1945 vyatumye Ubuyapani bumanika amaboko, intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose igaca irangira.

Ziomek avuga ko ivyabereye ubwa mbere kw’izinga rya Saipan, aho abasivire bita mu manga mu kivunga batinya kwishikana, hamwe n’ivyabereye i Okinawa, vyatumye muri Amerika babona ko bari bahanganye n’umwansi atameze nk’abandi, umwansi atarota yemera guhagarika intambara.

Ati: “Ni nk’uko iki kiri mu vyatumye aya mabombe aterwa. Ariko, ngumana amakenga ko, n’aho butari ubu bwiyahuzi bw’ikivunga, aya mabombe impera n’imperuka yari guterwa”.