Ingene intsinzi ya Bassirou Diomaye Faye muri Senegal iha umwizero urwaruka rwo muri Afrika rwihebuye

Ni impinduka nke mu bijanye na politike wogereranya n'izabaye muri Senegal mu kwezi guheze.

Nko mu mayinga arenga abiri aheze, Bassirou Diomaye Faye yari umwe mu ndongozi z'abatavuga rumwe na reta atari azwi yari avundiye mu buroko, afunzwe ata rubanza rwabaye ku vyaha yagirizwa harimwo guteza imigumuko, umuntu atari bwigere atorerwa amabanga n'amwe.

Mu ndwi imwe iheze, yaratsinze umukandida w'umugambwe uri ku butegetsi, Amadou Ba, mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu, ku majwi 54% ku nguga ya mbere.

Ku wa kabiri, uyu mugabo w'imyaka 44 yararahiriye kuba umukuru w'igihugu wa 5 wa Senegal, akaba abaye uwa mbere akiri muto cane atwaye ico gihugu.

Mu karere kiganjemwo abanyagihugu bafise imyaka iri munsi ya 30, iyi ntsinzi yiwe iraha umwizero urwaruka rwihebujwe no kutaronka amahirwe yo gutera imbere mu vy'ubutunzi, aho incambwenge zikuze mu myaka zisa nk'izishaka kwumira ku butegetsi.

Uyu muzo utangaje wa Faye ni inkebuzo ikomeye ko amatora akiri uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho intwaro ataco ishoboye ku banyagihugu benshi bo muri Afrika.

Intsinzi yiwe ntiyakuyeho gusa intwaro itari ikunzwe n'abanyagihugu, ahubwo yarashimangiye inzego zitorewe n'abanyagihugu mu gihugu kandi yongereza inguvu umwizero wa demokarasi mu banyagihugu mu gihe gutembagaza intwaro mu bindi bihugu vyo mu burengero bwa Afrika vyakoze ibihushane.

Inkuru y'intsinzi ya Faye izobera icitegererezo inzindi ndongozi zo ku mugabane wa Afrika, kuva kera zamye bahura n'ingorane zo gukandamizwa, guterwa ubwoba no kugenzurwa.

Nk'uko bishikirizwa n'umukuru w'abatavuga rumwe na reta kuva kera muri Uganda Kizza Besigye, yakoranye mu minsi iheze na mugenziwe Bobi Wine mu myiyamamazo ya demokarasi mu gihugu cabo: "Uburyo budasanzwe bwo gutunganya amatora muri Senegal bwerekanye ubugira kandi ko uteguye neza abanyagihugu, ukabatwara neza kandi nabo bakihangana, guhanahana ubutegetsi biciye mu matora bishoboka mu mutekano nta ngere muri Afrika".

Intsinzi y'akarorero ya Faye izoshimagizwa kubera kuyishikako bitari vyoroshe.

Imbere y'amatora, reta ya Prezida Macky Sall yari yafashe ingingo zitajanye na demokarasi mu vyasa nko kugerageza gushaka kwigumizira ku butegetsi mu migumuko y'abanyagihugu batamwiyumvamwo.

Ivyo vyarimwo ugutoteza gukomeye kw'abakuru b'abatavuga rumwe na reta n'abiyamiriza intwaro n'igerageza rikomeye ryo kwigiza inyuma amatora mu ntumbero yo gutinya ko yotsindwa, ivyatumye abaraba utuntu n'utundi bibaza ko boba bariko barabona urupfu rwa demokarasi ya Senegal.

Nyinshi muri izo ngingo zari zafashwe mu ntumbero yo kugabanya umurindi w'umugambwe w'abatavuga rumwe na reta ukunzwe cane, Patriotes Africains du Sénégal pour le Travail, l’Ethique et la Fraternité (Pastef).

Ibi vyarimwo gufunga umukuru w'umugambwe akunzwe cane Ousmane Sonko na Faye, yari umunyamabanga mukuru wa Pastef. Harimwo ivyo gutera ubwoba abanywanyi ba Pastef ahatari hake.

Ugufungwa kwa Sonko- mu gukekwako gusambanya umuntu afise imyaka iri munsi ya 21 - n'ibindi bikorwa vyo gukwirakiza inzankano, vyateje imyiyerekano ikomeye itigeze ibaho muri Senegal mu myaka iheze. Inyuma y'ivyo, abajejwe umutekano bafise ibirwanisho bikomeye baraje guhosha iyo myiyerekano bituma abatari bake bahasiga ubuzima.

Sonko yise ivyaha yakekwako irementanya kandi vyari vyakozwe kugira bamubuze kwitoza mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu.

Pastef ubwayo yari yarafuswe n'ubutegetsi mu mwaka uheze inyuma yo kwagirizwa gukokeza indyane mu gihugu - ariko indongozi zawo zabandanije zikora.

Vyasavye ubutwari bukomeye no gukora cane kw'indongozi z'abatavuga rumwe na reta, amashirahamwe ategamiye reta, abamenyeshamakuru n'abandi bakora mu nzego z'igihugu zatowe n'abanyagihugu kugira ico cuka kibi cari kihari kihave mu matora Faye yari yitezwemwo gutsinda.

Abagize sentare yubahiriza ibwirizwa shingiro, sentare nkuru ya Senegal, nibo bemeje ko amatora azoba uko yari yateguwe igihe bahagurukira umukuru w'igihugu, bavuga ko gushaka guhindura itariki y'amatora binyuranye n'amategeko.

Uburongozi bwa Pastef nabwo bwabigizemwo uruhara runini, mu guhagarara bwemye mu gihe hari uguterwa ubwoba gukomeye.

Naho yari azwi cane, Sonko yarerekanye ko yiteguye guhinduka no gushira ku ruhande ivyipfuzo vyiwe vyo kuzoba prezida kugira ahe amahirwe menshi mugenziwe yo gutsinda.

Iyo bitaba ivyo, Faye ntiyari gushobora kuja kw'ikarata y'amatora.

Sonko yari yiteze ko azobuzwa kuja mu bahiganwa mu matora kubera ivyo yagirizwa, n'ibipapuro vyiwe vyasabwa kugira aje mu bitoza ntivyakiriwe na sentare yubahiriza ibwirizwa shingiro kubera "bitari bikwiye". Naho yagerageje gusubira kw'ikarata y'itora, indongozi za Pastef zarabonye ko bitazoshoboka ko bamwemera kwiyamamaza.

Ibi vyatumye rero bahitamwo Faye, we atigeze yagirwa n'icaha, vyagaragara ko ariyo ngingo nziza - naho vyaboneka ko Sonko asanzwe ari we yari arongoye umugambwe, yigijwe inyuma.

Amashirahamwe ategamiye reta n'abamenyeshamakuru nabo barabigizemwo uruhara runini, mu kubandanya batanga amakuru y'agakandamizo ka reta no guhungabanya agateka ka zina muntu, naho bagabwako ibitero, bagafungwa bakanaterwa ivyuka bikoroza amosozi.

Biciye mu bikorwa vyabo, bifuza ko abanya-Senegal n'isi yose bamenya ko ivyariko biraba mu gihugu cabo, vyongereje igitutu kuri Prezida Sall kugira ave ku butegetsi.

Mu nyuma, utwo twigoro n'uburemere bw'imigenzo ya demokrasi muri Senegal, vyahavuye bituma Sall akura mu munyororo Faye na Sonko - naho vyari mu masezerano yo gutanga ikigongwe mu kivunga, abayanegura bavuga ko yari yashizweho kugira ahe ubudahangarwa abategetsi bo muri reta ku mabi y'ihohoterwa bakoze mu gihe c'akajagari ka politike.

Intsinzi ya Bwana Faye ije mu gihe ciza ku banyapolitike batavuga rumwe na reta bo ku mugabane wa Afrika.

Mu mpera y'indwi y'amatora, abatavuga rumwe na reta bazwi bava mu bihugu vya Angola, Uganda na Zimbabwe bahuriye i Cape Town kuganira "k'umuvuduko udasanzwe w'intwaro z'agahotoro, intwaro za gisirikare n'iza demokrasi y'igicuga aho amatora akoreshwa nabi mu kwigumiza ku butegetsi."

Mu gihe hagenda haribonekeza umwiheburo mwinshi n'ukwiyongera kw'ingamba zikoresha igikenye mu guhasha abanegura intwaro, amakuru y'uguhererekanya ubutegetsi muri Senegal yarashimagijwe hirya no hino kw'isi, asubiza inguvu kandi yongera yerekana akamaro ko kudakoresha igikenye mu guhosha imidugararo.

Nk'uko Dr Besigye yabivuze, ivyabaye muri Senegal ni inkebuzo ikomeye ko guhanahana ubutegetsi biciye mu matora bigirira akamaro igihugu cose, mu gihe gutembagaza ubutegetsi "bizana iyindi ntwaro y'agahotoro".

Ibi ntibisigura ko ivyabaye muri Senegal bishobora kuba no mu bindi bihugu mu buryo bworoshe.

Mu gihugu gifise kahise ka poritike yisanzuye n'ukubisikanye ku butegetsi biviye mu nzira ya demokarasi, n'igisirikare cirinze kwivanga mu vya politike, muri Senegal biracashoboka kuja ku butegetsi biciye mu matora.

Mu bihugu nka Uganda na Zimbabwe, ibi biragoye cane kubera imirwi itegura amatora itigenga, ubutungane nabwo bukoreshwa nabi gusumba, n'inzego z'umutekano zibandanya gukandamiza abantu.

Ingorane zimurindiye

Iragi rya Faye ryo gushika ku butetegetsi mu buryo butari bwitezwe rizovana indongozi za Pastef zigiye kuzokora kuva ubu.

Biroroshe kwibagira ko mu 2012 igihe Prezida Sall yashika ku butegetsi intsinzi yiwe yari yafashwe nk'uko ari ntambwe ioomeye cane mu nzira ya demokrasi.

Kubera guta umurongo ngenderwako w'ivyo yemera n'ivyo yemereye abanyagihugu bari baramushigikiye, uyu yahoze ari umukuru w'igihugu ahejeje ikiringo ciwe azokwibukwa nk'uwundi muyobozi yaborejwe n'ubutegetsi.

Kugira nabo ntibibashikire, Faye na Sonko bakeneye kwibanda gusubira kwubaka igihugu no gusubiza abantu hamwe.

Ibi bizoshoboka ni birinda gusamazwa no kurondera inyungu zabo bwite zo kuba bari ku butegetsi no guhungabanya reta mu gusubiranamwo hagati yabo bapfa kurondera uwoba umutegetsi ari hejuru y'uwundi.

Uburyo bwiza imigambwe itavuga rumwe na reta yokoresha mu guteza imbere demokrasi ni ugutegekera bose ata n'umwe akumiriwe no kwerekana ko kubahiriza ubwigenge bwa politike n'uburenganzira bw'abanyagihugu ari yo nzira nziza yo gushika ku butunzi no gutsimbataza ubutegetsi.

Leonard Mbulle-Nziege ni umushakashatsi kuri kaminuza University of Cape Town kandi agakorana n'ikigo Concerto; Nic Cheeseman ni umuyobozi wa Centre for Elections , Democracy, Accountability and Representation [ikigo c'amatora, demokarasi, kubazwa ingaruka z'ivyo ukora n'uguserukirwa] muri kaminuza ya Birmingham (University of Birmingham).