Bavukiye mu Bufaransa ariko barashaka ejo hazaza muri Afurika

Menka Gomis yavukiye mu Bufaransa ariko yafashe icyemezo ko ejo hazaza he ari muri Sénégal, aho ababyeyi be bavukiye.

Uwo w'imyaka 39 y'amavuko ni umwe mu mubare ukomeje kwiyongera w'Abafaransa bafite inkomoko muri Afurika barimo kuva mu Bufaransa, bakabyegeka ku kuba harimo kwiyongera irondabwoko, ivangura hamwe n'ibitekerezo byo gushyira imbere inyungu z'abenegihugu.

BBC Africa Eye yacukumbuye ibi bintu – birimo kwitwa "isuhuka rya bucece" – kugira ngo imenye impamvu abantu nka Gomis bazinutswe ubuzima bwo mu Bufaransa.

Gomis uba mu murwa mukuru Paris yashinze kompanyi nto y'ingendo itanga serivisi, ahanini zerekeza muri Afurika, zigenewe abashaka gusubira ku mugabane w'abasekuruza babo, kuri ubu ifite ibiro muri Sénégal.

Gomis, wize mu mujyi wa Marseille uri ku cyambu (ikivuko mu Kirundi) mu majyepfo y'Ubufaransa, yabwiye BBC ati:

"Navukiye mu Bufaransa. Nakuriye mu Bufaransa, ndetse tuzi ibintu bimwe na bimwe biriho. Hari irondabwoko ryinshi. Nari mfite imyaka itandatu ubwo nabwirwaga ku ishuri ko ndi umwirabura mu mvugo y'ipfobya. Buri munsi."

"Nshobora kuba ndi Umufaransa, ariko nturuka n'ahandi hantu."

Nyina wa Gomis yagiye mu Bufaransa ubwo yari uruhinja ndetse ntashobora kwiyumvisha igitumye asiga umuryango we n'inshuti ze kugira ngo ajye muri Sénégal.

Arasobanura ati: "Ntabwo ndimo kujyayo ku bw'izi nzozi nyafurika gusa." Yongeraho ko ari uruvange rw'inshingano yumva afite ku butaka bw'ababyeyi be ndetse n'amahirwe amutegereje.

"Afurika ni nk'Amerika mu gihe cya... cyo gushidukira zahabu [yaho]. Ntekereza ko ari umugabane w'ejo hazaza. Ni ho hantu hasigaye buri kintu cyose cyo kubaka [cyo gukora], hasigaye buri kintu cyo gutera imbere."

Isano hagati y'Ubufaransa na Sénégal – igihugu cyiganjemo abayisilamu cyahoze gikolonizwa n'Ubufaransa, ndetse kera cyahoze gihurizwamo abacakara mu bucuruzi bwambuka inyanja ya Atlantika – imaze igihe kirekire kandi ni urusobe.

Icukumbura BBC Africa Eye iherutse gukora ryahuye n'abimukira muri Sénégal bashaka gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga bakambuka inyanja mu buryo buteje ibyago kugira ngo bagere i Burayi.

Benshi birangira bageze mu Bufaransa, aho umubare munini ku kigero kitari cyarigeze kibaho mbere wasabye ubuhungiro mu mwaka ushize, nkuko bitangazwa n'ikigo cy'Ubufaransa cyita ku mpunzi n'abatagira ubwenegihugu (Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides, OFPRA).

Abantu bagera ku 142,500 bose hamwe basabye ubuhungiro, ndetse hafi kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cy'ubusabe bwose bwo kwitabwaho bwaremewe.

Umubare w'abahitamo gukora urugendo rusubira inyuma muri Afurika ntuzwi kuko amategeko y'Ubufaransa abuza gukusanya amakuru n'imibare ijyanye n'ibara ry'uruhu, idini n'ubwoko.

Ariko ubushakashatsi bwumvikanisha ko Abafaransa bafite ubumenyi buhanitse bakomoka mu bayisilamu, akenshi baba ari abana bavutse ku bimukira, barimo kuva mu Bufaransa bucece bakajya gutura mu bindi bihugu.

Abo twahuye na bo batubwiye ko imyifatire ijyanye n'abimukira igenda ikomera mu Bufaransa, mu gihe amashyaka y'ab'ibitekerezo by'ubuhezanguni mu gukomera ku bya kera arimo kugira ijambo rinini kurushaho.

Kuva bashyirwaho mu kwezi gushize, Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubufaransa Michel Barnier na Minisitiri w'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu Bruno Retailleau basezeranyije guhashya abimukira, baba abanyuze mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko n'abahagera mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko.

Abo bategetsi bavuze ko bazabikora binyuze mu gukora impinduka ku mategeko y'imbere mu Bufaransa no ku rwego rw'Uburayi.

Fanta Guirassy yabaye mu Bufaransa ubuzima bwe bwose ndetse afite ivuriro rye bwite i Villemomble – komine (akarere) iri mu nkengero ya Paris – ariko na we arimo guteganya kujya kuba muri Sénégal, igihugu cy'amavuko cya nyina.

Guirassy, w'imyaka 34, yabwiye BBC ati: "Birababaje ko kuva mu myaka micye ishize mu Bufaransa, turimo kurushaho kumva tudatekanye. Biteye isoni kubivuga, ariko uko ni ko kuri."

"Kuba ndi umubyeyi urera umwana wenyine nkaba mfite ingimbi y'imyaka 15 bisobanuye ko buri gihe uba ufite [mba mfite] igicuro mu nda. Buri gihe uba ufite ubwoba."

Avuga ko yakangutse (yahumutse) ubwo mu gihe cya vuba aha gishize umuhungu we yahagarikwaga na polisi ikamusaka ubwo yari arimo aganira n'inshuti ze ku muhanda.

"Nk'umubyeyi, birahungabanya cyane. Ubona ibibera kuri televiziyo ukabibona bibaye ku bandi."

Muri Kamena (6) mu mwaka ushize, imvururu zadutse mu Bufaransa nyuma y'iraswa ryavuyemo urupfu rwa Nahel Merzouk wari ufite imyaka 17 – Umufaransa wakomokaga muri Algeria warashwe na polisi.

Iyo dosiye iracyakorwaho iperereza, ariko imvururu zajegeje igihugu ndetse zigaragaza uburakari bututumba bwari bumaze imyaka bwiyongera kubera uburyo abo mu bwoko bwa ba nyamucye bafashwemo mu Bufaransa.

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorerwa ku birabura mu Bufaransa bwumvikanishije ko 91% by'ababajijwe bari barakorewe irondabwoko.

Nyuma y'izo mvururu, ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu (OHCHR) ryasabye Ubufaransa gucyemura "ibibazo by'irondabwoko biri mu nzego zabwo zishinzwe kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko".

Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga y'Ubufaransa yapfobeje uko kunengwa, igira iti: "Ikirego icyo ari cyo cyose cy'irondabwoko cyangwa ivangura ryashinze imizi rikorwa na polisi mu Bufaransa nta shingiro na busa gifite. Ubufaransa na polisi yabwo birwanya bishikamye [bikomeje] irondabwoko n'ubwoko bwose bw'ivangura."

Ariko, nkuko bigaragara mu mibare ya minisiteri y'ubutegetsi bw'igihugu y'Ubufaransa, ibyaha by'irondabwoko byiyongereyeho kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) mu mwaka ushize. Habayeho ibikorwa birenga 15,000 bishingiye ku ibara ry'uruhu, idini cyangwa ubwoko.

Kuri Audrey Monzemba, umwarimukazi mu Bufaransa ukomoka muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, impinduka nk'izo muri sosiyete "zateje guhangayika cyane".

Umunsi umwe mu gitondo cya kare, twakoranye urugendo na we tuvuye mu gace gatuwemo n'abantu b'imico itandukanye bo mu cyiciro cya ba nyakabyizi bo mu nkengero z'i Paris.

Ari kumwe n'umukobwa we w'umwangavu, akora urugendo muri bisi no muri gariyamoshi, ariko iyo ageze hafi y'ishuri yigishaho, mu ibanga akuramo umwitandiro we wo mu mutwe uri munsi y'ingofero y'ikoti rye.

Mu Bufaransa buvuga ko bufata abaturage bose mu buryo bungana hatitawe ku idini barimo, kwambara umwitandiro (uzwi nka 'hijab') byahindutse ingingo iteje impaka cyane ndetse mu myaka 20 ishize byaciwe mu mashuri yose ya leta – ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma Monzemba ashaka kuva mu Bufaransa akajya kuba muri Sénégal aho afite abantu baziranye.

Uwo mwarimukazi w'imyaka 35 agira ati: "Sindimo kuvuga ko Ubufaransa atari ubwanjye [ntabubasha]. Ndimo kuvuga gusa ko icyo nshaka ari ugushobora kugubwa neza ahantu hubaha imyemerere yanjye n'indangagaciro zanjye. Ndashaka kujya njya ku kazi bitabaye ngombwa ko nkuramo umwitandiro wanjye."

Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorerwa ku bayisilamu b'Abafaransa barenga 1,000 bavuye mu Bufaransa bakajya gutura mu mahanga, bwumvikanisha ko ibyo bintu birimo kwiyongera.

Bikurikiye ukwiyongera cyane kwo kwanga abayisilamu, kwakurikiye ibitero byo mu mwaka wa 2015, ubwo abagabo bitwaje imbunda b'ibitekerezo bikaze byiyitirira Isilamu bicaga abantu 130 mu bice bitandukanye by'i Paris.

Olivier Esteves, umwe mu bakoze raporo yitwa "La France, tu l'aimes mais tu la quittes" (cyangwa Ubufaransa, urabukunda ariko ubuvuyemo), yabwiye BBC ko guhagarika umutima mu bantu ku bijyanye no gufata abantu mu buryo bungana hatitawe ku idini, hamwe n'ivangura mu kazi, "ni byo shingiro ry'uku kugenda bucece".

Agira ati: "Amaherezo, uku kuva mu Bufaransa ni ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwigira kuba ahandi kw'abantu b'ubumenyi buhanitse [ibizwi nka 'brain-drain' cyangwa 'fuite des cerveaux'], kubera ko ahanini ni abayisilamu b'Abafaransa bize cyane barimo gufata icyemezo cyo kwigendera."

Urugero, nka Fatoumata Sylla, w'imyaka 34, ufite ababyeyi bavuka muri Sénégal.

Agira ati: "Igihe data yavaga muri Afurika akaza hano, yari arimo gushakira ubuzima bwiza kurushaho umuryango we wo muri Afurika. Buri gihe yaratubwiraga ati: 'Ntimwibagirwe aho muturuka.'"

Uwo ukora 'softwares' zikoreshwa mu bukerarugendo, uzimukira muri Sénégal mu kwezi gutaha, avuga ko mu kujya gushinga ubushabitsi (ubucuruzi) muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba, arimo kugaragaza ko atibagiwe inkomoko ye – nubwo musaza we Abdoul, cyo kimwe na we wavukiye i Paris, atanyuzwe.

Abdoul yabwiye BBC ati: "Mfite impungenge kuri we. Nizeye ko bizamuhira, ariko sinumva bicyenewe kongera kwihuza n'ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose."

"Umuco wanjye n'umuryango wanjye biri hano. Afurika ni umugabane w'abakurambere bacu. Ariko rwose si uwacu kuko ntitwari turiyo.

"Sintekereza ko uzabona umuco runaka w'abakurambere, cyangwa 'Wakanda' yo mu bitekerezo", akomoza kuri 'Wakanda' ivugwa muri filime za Black Panther no mu bitabo by'urwenya, havugwa ko ari sosiyete yateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga.

Mu murwa mukuru Dakar wa Sénégal, twahahuriye na Salamata Konte, washinze ya kompanyi y'ingendo afatanyije na Gomis, kugira ngo turebe igitegereje Abafaransa b'Abanyafurika nka we barimo guhitamo kujya gutura muri Sénégal.

Konte yaretse akazi ko muri banki i Paris kamuhembaga menshi ajya gutura i Dakar.

Uwo w'imyaka 35 agira ati: "Ubwo nageraga muri Sénégal mu myaka itatu ishize, numvise nguye mu kantu ubwo banyitaga 'Umufaransa.'"

"Naribwiye nti: 'OK, yego, rwose, navukiye mu Bufaransa, ariko ndi Umunya-Sénégal nka mwe.' Rero mu ntangiriro, twiyumvamo uku kwibwira ngo: 'Ndumiwe, nanzwe mu Bufaransa, none ubu nje hano none ndanzwe na hano.'"

Ariko inama ajya (atanga) ni: "Ugomba kuza hano n'umutima wo kwicisha bugufi kandi ni uko nabigenje."

Naho ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwe nk'umucuruzi, avuga ko bugoranye cyane.

"Akenshi mbwira abantu ko abagabo b'Abanya-Sénégal banga abagore. Ntibashaka kumva ibyo, ariko ntekereza ko ari ukuri.

"Birabagora kwemera [kwakira] ko umugore ashobora kuba 'CEO' [umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa] wa kompanyi, ko rimwe na rimwe umugore ashobora guha 'amategeko' abantu runaka, ko jyewe, nk'umugore, nshobora kubwira umushoferi wacyererewe nti: 'Oya, si ibintu bisanzwe kuba wacyererewe.'

"Ntekereza ko bidusaba kurushaho kwigaragaza [icyo dushoboye]."

Nubwo bimeze gutyo, Gomis arishimye cyane mu gihe ategereje kubona ubwenegihugu bwe bwa Sénégal.

Akazi ko muri kompanyi ikora ingendo karimo kugenda neza, ndetse avuga ko yamaze gutangira gukora ku bucuruzi azakurikizaho – gukora 'app' ('application') ifasha abantu guteretana muri Sénégal.