Menya ingene bava ku rugamba muri Syria bakaja kuba abacangero muri Afrika

Mu kiringo c'imyaka irenga cumi, Abu Mohammad yaba mw'ihema n'umuryango wiwe mu buraruko bwa Syria, inyuma yo kuvanwa mu vyabo n'intambara yo hagati mu gihugu imaze imyaka itari mike.

Ni umwe mu bandi baharurwa mu majana bafashe ingingo yo kujabukira muri Turukiya bakaja muri Niger gukora nk'abacangero kugira ngo baronke ingene bobandanya gutunga imiryango yabo.

Abu Mohammad (si ryo zina ryiwe ry'ukuri) w'imyaka 33, n'umugore wiwe, bafise abana bane bakiri bato - nta mazi bafise, nta kazu ka surwumwe bafise, bakoresha imishwarara y'izuba kugira ngo bashobore gusharija (charge) amaterefone yabo. Ihema babamwo riraturira mu ci, mu rushana naho rikaba nk'ibarafu, kandi iyo imvura iguye rirava.

Ati: “Kuronka akazi vyananiranye". Ni umwe mu barwanyi b'umurwi ushigikiwe na Turukiya umaze imyaka irenga cumi urwanya ingabo za Perezida Bashar al-Assad wa Syria.

Uno murwi arwanira umuhemba amadorari adashika 50 y'Abanyamerika ku kwezi, ni co gituma igihe yabona Abanya-Turukiya bariko bararondera abaja kurwana muri Niger kugira ngo bazoze barahembwa amadorari y'Abanyamerika 1500 ku kwezi, yaciye abona ko iyi ari yo nzira nyayo yo kwegeranya agafaranga.

Avuga ko abarongoye abarwanyi muri Syria bafasha muri iki gikorwa, kandi ko inyuma y'amakori n'ayo bariha intumwa zibibafashamwo, ashobora gusigarana nibura bibiri vya bitatu vy'ano mafaranga.

Yongerako ati: “Kandi ndamutse mpfiriye ku rugamba [muri Niger], umuryango wanje uzohabwa indishi y'akababaro y'ibihumbi 50 vy'amadorari y'Abanyamerika [$50.000]".

Indyane mu karere ka Sahel muri Afrika y'Uburengero zariyongereye muri ino myaka iheze bitewe n'intambara iterwa n'imihari yiyitirira idini rya Islam. Niger n'ibihugu bibanyi vyayo vya Mali na Burkina Faso vyose vyaragizweko ingaruka - kandi ibisirikare vy' ibi bihugu vyose bitatu vyaratembagaje ubutegetsi bwavyo, imwe mu mvo ikaba ari uno mutekano muke.

Abu Mohammad si we wenyene yipfuza kuja muri Niger.

Ali (si ryo zina ryiwe) aba mw'ihema mu karere ka Idlib kari mu mitumba ya ruguru, yinjiye mu ngabo zirwanya reta ya Syria afise imyaka 15, haraciye imyaka 10. Avuga ko ahembwa musi y'amadorari 50 y'Abanyamerika.

Avuga ko biba ngombwa ko afata ideni kugira ngo ashobore gutunga umuryango, kandi ko abona ko Niger ari yo nzira yonyene afise yo kwishura iri deni. Ati: "Ndipfuza guheba igisirikare burundu ngatangura kwikorera utwanje".

Nayo ku bwa Raed (si ryo zina ryiwe ry'ukuri), uwundi murwanyi w'imyaka 22, kuja muri Niger ni nk'uko ari yo nzira yonyene yo gushobora kuronka amahera akwiye "kugira ngo nshike ku nyota yanje yo kurongora no kugira umuryango".

Kuva muri Kigarama (12) 2023, abarwanyi b'Abanya-Syria barenga 1000 baramaze kuja muri Niger baciye muri Turukiya, nk'uko bivugwa n'ikigo c'agateka ka muntu caSyria, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), gikurikiranira hagufi intambara ya Syria, kikaba gifise icicaro mu Bwongereza.

Aba barwanyi bavuga ko bakunze kwiyandikisha ngo bakore ikiringo c'amezi atandatu, ariko ubu bamwe barongereje ikiringo cabo gushika ku mwaka.

Uruhara rwa Turukiya

Imbere y'uko bagenda, ijambo babwirwa ni uko baba bagiye gukingira imigambi n'ibikorwa vy'ubucuruzi vya Turukiya muri Niger.

Turikiya yararwijije ibikorwa vyayo vya gisirikare n'ivy'ubudandaji muri ako karere, ikaba igurisha kuri Niger ibikoresho nk'indege zitagira abadereva mu kuyifasha guhangana n'imirwi yiyitirira idini rya Islam.

Irafise kandi uruhara mw'iyimba ry'amabuye y'agaciro muri ico gihugu, harimwo inzahabu, uranium n'ubutare bw'icuma.

Ariko abinjizwa barazwi ko nubwo babwirwa uko, bashitse muri Niger, ukuri gushobora kuba ukundi.

Ishirahamwe SOHR hamwe n'abagenzi b'abacangero bamaze gukorera muri Niger babwiye BBC ko Abanya-Syria bahavuye bisanga barongowe n'Abarusiya barwanya inyeshamba ziyitirira idini rya Islam ku rubibe rw'inyabutatu hagati ya Niger, Mali na Burkina Faso.

Umukuru w'igihugu ca Niger yatowe mu nzira ya demokarasi, Mohamed Bazoum, yaratembagajwe mu mwaka uheze, kandi kuva ico gihe ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bwamukuye ku butegetsi bwarahagaritse imigenderanire yabwo n'ibihugu vy'Uburengero.

Nathaniel Powell, umushakashatsi kuri Sahel mu kigo Oxford Analytica, agira ati: “Niger yaciye itangura kurondera izindi ncuti ica ibona ko iyindi nzira ibereye ari mu Burusiya.

"Ibirwanisho vy'Uburusiya birazimbutse gusumba ivy'Uburengero. Uburusiya kandi buratanga uburyo bwa gisirikare n'inyigisho, kandi burerekana ko bushaka kugendera ku mibereho y'abahaba ata vy'amananiza burinze gusaba, ibitandukanye kuri bigenzi vyabwo vy'Uburengero."

Iciyumviro co kurwana uhagarikiwe n'Uburusiya giteye impungenge abarwanyi b'Abanya-Syria barwanya ubutegetsi bwa Syria kubera Uburusiya busanzwe bushigikiye cane Perezida Assad.

Abu Mohammad ati: "Turi abacangero ng'aha n'abacangero hariya, ariko ndi ku butumwa bwa Turukiya, sinzokwemera amategeko nzohabwa n'Abarusiya."

Ariko ashobora kutazoronka ayandi mahitamwo, nk'uko Raed abivuga: "Ndanka izi ngabo ariko ntegerezwa kugenda ku mvo z'ubutunzi."

Bose baracarindiriye gutera igikumu ku masezerano, ivyo bazokora "imbere y'uko bagenda canke bari mu nzira", nk'uko Raed abivuga.

Asigura ko ari igikorwa co mw'ibanga kandi ko azi umugabo umwe yatawe muri yompi n'umurwi urwanya reta ya Syria "kubera kumena amabanga akavuga hanze bimwe mu bijanye n'ibi bikorwa muri Afrika hamwe n'ingene bigenda mu kwiyandikisha".

Bamwe mu biyandikishije bavuganye na BBC bavuga ko ababarongoye mu murwi bababwira ko ikompanyi yo muri Turukiya izwi nka SADAT ari yo izoca ibafata mu minwe bamaze gutera igikumu ku masezerano, kandi ko izogira uruhara mu gutegura ibijanye n'ingendo zabo n'ivyo bazokenera.

Mu myaka hafi itanu iheze, Abu Mohamad yaragiye muri Libya aho yakoreye nk'umucangero mu kiringo c'amezi atandatu, akavuga ko na ho nyene yabifashijwemwo na SADAT.

Ishirahamwe SOHR rivuga kandi ko, ku makuru rihabwa n'abandi bacangero bamaze kuja muri Niger, SADAT ifise uruhara muri iki gikorwa.

BBC ku giti cayo ntiyashoboye guhinyuza ibi bivugwa. Yarandikiye SADAT, ikaba yarahakanye yivuye inyuma ko itandika canke ngo irungike abarwanyi b'abanya-Syria muri Niger, kandi ko ibi bivugwa ata "sano bifitaniye n'ukuri...nta bikorwa ivyo ari vyo vyose dukorera muri Niger".

Ivuga kandi ko ata bikorwa yakorera muri Libya uretse umugambi "w'inkino za gisirikare", haraciye imyaka irenga cumi, ariko ngo bikaba vyabaye ngombwa ko ivayo kubera indyane zirangwa muri ico gihugu.

Iyi kompanyi yongerako y'uko ata "bikorwa ikorera imirwi atari iya reta", ahubwo ko itanga "ubufasha, inyigisho n'uburyo ku ngabo n'abajejwe umutekano mu rwego rwo kwivuna abansi n'urw'umutekano dukurikije amategeko ya Turukiya agenga ubudandaji".

Ariko amakompanyi y'abigenga arakoreshwa na reta ya Turukiya mu kurondera no kurungika abacangero b'Abanya-Syria muri Niger, nk'uko SOHR ibivuga. Umukuru w'iri shirahamwe, Rami Abdul Rahman, yagiriza reta ya Turukiya gukoresha Abanya-Syria ata mahera ibaha kandi bagakorera mu buzima bugoye.

BBC yarashikirije ibi birego mu bushikiranganji bwa Turukiya bujejwe imigenderanire ariko ntirashobora kuronka inyishu.

Ubu si bwo bwa mbere reta ya Turukiya yagirijwe kurungika abarwanyi b'Abanya-Syria hanze. Ivyegeranyo bitari bike, harimwo kimwe casohowe n'ubushikiranganji bwa Amerika bujejwe kwivuna abansi, birashira ahabona abarwanyi b'Abanya-Syria bashigikiwe na Turukiya muri Libya.

Imbere y'aha, Turukiya yaremeje ko abarwanyi b'Abanya-Syria bari muri ico gihugu ariko ikaba itemeye ko ari yo yabarondeye.

Irahakana kandi ko yarondeye ikarungika abacangero b'Abanya-Syria mu karere ka Nagorno-Karabakh gateje impari mu misozi ya Caucase.

Ubuzima muri Niger

Ubuzima babamwo muri Niger busigura ko kuvugana n'imiryango yabo muri Syria bishobora kugorana cane. Iyo aba bacangero bagezeyo, baca bakwa amaterefone, nk'uko bivugwa na Abdul Rahman wo muri SOHR. Eka na Abu Mohammad avuga ko abagenzi biwe muri Afrika "bashobora kuvugana n'imiryango yabo nka rimwe mu ndwi zibiri, rimwe na rimwe mbere gake kuri aka".

Avuga kandi ko bo nyene ubwabo badashobora kuvugana n'abagore babo canke abavyeyi babo, ahubwo ko bavugana baciye ku bayobozi babo muri Niger ari na bo "bizeza imiryango y'aba barwanyi ko bakomeye".

Ali yongerako y'uko bamwe mu bagenzi biwe bagiye muri Niger bamubwiye ko bamara umwanya wose bari "mu birindiro vya gisirikare, barindiriye amategeko yo kurwana".

Kandi si bose basubira inyuma. Nk'uko bivugwa na SOHR, icenda baramaze kwicwa muri Niger kuva muri Kigarama 2023. Ibiziga vya bane muri bo biramaze gusubizwa i Idlib ariko ntibiramenyekana.

Raed na Ali bavuga ko imiryango yabo idashaka ko bagenda, ibi bigatuma babesha bakavuga ko bagiye muri Turukiya mu nyigisho z'amezi make.

Umuryango wa Abu Mohammed na wo nyene ntushigikiye iki ciyumviro. Avuga ati: "Iyaba nari mfise uburyo bwo kumbeshaho neza, sinokoze akazi nk'aka naho wonyemerera umuriyoni w'amadorari."

Ariko, yongera ati: "Umuhungu wanje ansavye ikinga, ntaryo noronka - ibi ni vyo bituma nshaka kugenda".

Amazina ya Abu Mohammad, Ali na Raed yarahinduwe ku mvo z'umutekano.