Kubera iki ibihugu bimwe bitemera Palestine nk’igihugu?

Mw’itangazo vyasohoye ejo ku wa 22 Rusama (5), Espagne, Norvège na Irlande vyatangaje integuro yavyo yo kwemera Palestine nk’igihugu ku wa 28 Rusama.

Abategetsi ba Palestina bakirije yompi iyi ngingo, umuhari OLP/PLO ukavuga ko ari “igihe c’akataraboneka”.

Ibihugu bishigikiye ko hashingwa igihugu ca Palestine vyemeza ko ibi bizofasha mu biganiro vy’amahoro hagati y’Abanyapalestina n’abanya-Israel.

Hagati aho, iki cemezo carakaje Israel, aho ivuga ko izotumako abaserukira ibi bihugu bitatu kugira ngo barabe videwo y’ibitero vyo ku wa 07 Gitugutu (10) 2023.

Umushikiranganji Israel Katz ajejwe imigenderanire ya Israel, avuga ati: "Kahise kazokwibuka ko Espagne, Norvège na Irlande vyafashe ingingo yo kwambika ikidari c’inzahabu abicanyi n’abafata abagore ku nguvu”.

Israel ntiyemera Palestine nk’igihugu kandi reta ya Israel ihari ubu irarwanya ishingwa rya reta ya Palestina muri Cisjordanie/West Bank na Gaza. Ivuga ko igihugu nk’iki cobangamira ukubaho kwa Israel.

Ni ibihe bihugu vyemera Palestine nk’igihugu?

Ibihugu nibura 140 biremera Palestine nk’igihugu, harimwo ibigize ihuriro ry’ibihugu vy’Abarabu (Arab Group) mw’ishirahamwe ONU, Ishirahamwe rihuza ibihugu vya Kisilamu (Organisation of Islamic Co-operation), n’umuhari w’ibihugu ataho vyegamiye

Hagati aho, ibindi bihugu bitari bike, harimwo Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubudagi na Australia ntibiyemera nk’igihugu.

Australia ivuga ko ishobora kwemera Palestine nk’igihugu mu rwego rwo “gushigikira utwigoro two gutora inyishu ishingiye kw’ishingwa ry’ibihugu bibiri” mu masezerano yoshikwako na Israel.

Mu kwa gatatu, abategetsi ba Espagne, Irlande, Malte na Slovenia barasohoye itangazo inyuma y’ikoraniro ry’abategetsi b’Ubumwe bwa Bulaya bivuga ko vyari bigiye kwihweza ingene vyokwemera ishingwa ry’igihugu ca Palestine mu gihe “ibintu vyoba bimeze neza”.

Imbere y’iri tangazo, ibihugu icenda gusa vya Bulaya ni vyo vyari bishigikiye ishingwa rya Palestine nk’igihugu, vyinshi muri vyo bikaba vyafashe iyi ngingo mu 1988 igihe vyari bikiri mu cahoze ari Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti.

Iyi ngingo rusangi ya Espagne, Norvège na Irlande ije inyuma hafi y’ukwezi Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw’isi ikoze amatora ku nteguro yasaba ko Palestine yoba umunywanyi yuzuye w’ishirahamwe.

Amerika, iri kumwe n’incuti yayo ya kera Israel, yarazibiye iki cemezo, ariko ibindi 12 bigize iyi nama biracemeza, harimwo n’incuti zitatu za Amerika: Ubufaransa, Ubuyapani na Korea y’Epfo. Ubwongereza n’Ubuswisi vyarigumije.

Iyo iyi Nama nkuru y’umutekano yemeza iyi nteguro yari yashikirijwe na Algeria, ikoraniro rusangi rya ONU ryari gukora amatora, aho hakenewe bibiri vya bitatu kugira ngo Palestina yakirwe.

Ingingo z’Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw’isi zemezwa gusa iyo ata gihugu na kimwe muri bitanu ntayegayezwa: Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Uburusiya canke Ubushinwa – kizihagaritse.

Mahmoud Abbas, umukuru w’ubutegetsi bwa Palestine, avuga ko ingingo ya Amerika yo kuzibira iyi nteguro ari “ubupfamutima”, ariko Israel yashimagije iyi ngingo, ivuga ko yari integuro iteye isoni.

Inyuma y’ayo matora, icegera c’uwuserukira Amerika muri ONU, Robert Wood yabwiye iyi nama ati: "Amerika ibandanya gushigikira cane inyishu ifatiye kw’ishingwa ry’ibihugu bibiri. Kubona dutoye uku si ukwanka ishingwa rya Palestine nk’igihugu, ahubwo ni ukwerekana ko dushigikiye ko ari ikintu cova mu biganiro bitaziguye hagati y’impande zompi".

Kubera iki ibihugu bimwe bidashigikiye Palestine nk’igihugu?

Ibihugu bitemera Palestine nk’igihugu bikora gutya kubera hataraba ibiganiro vy’amahoro na Israel.

"Nubwo bavuga ku munwa gusa ko ari ngombwa ko hashingwa Palestine nk’igihugu, Amerika ishimangira ko haba ibiganiro bitaziguye hagati ya Israel na Palestine, ibi bikaba bivuze neza uguha Israel uburenganzira bwo kuzibira ivyipfuzo vya Palestine vyo kwishira n’ukwizana”, bivugwa na Fawaz Gerges, yigisha ivyigwa bijanye n’imigenderanire mpuzamakungu na poritike y’Ubuseruko bwo hagati kuri kaminuza London School of Economics.

Ibiganiro vy’amahoro vyatanguye mu myaka ya 1990 mu nyuma biza kwiha intego yo gushika ku nyishu ishingiye ku bihugu bibiri, aho Abanya-Israel n’Abanyapalestina bobana mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Hagati aho, ibiganiro vyatanguye gucumbagira kuva mu ntango z’imyaka ya 2000, hamwe n’imbere ya 2014, aho ibiganiro vyahagarara hagati y’Abanya-Israel n’Abanyapalestina i Washington.

Ibibazo ngorabahizi nta nyishu biratorerwa, harimwo imbibe na kazoza ka Palestine nk’igihugu, uko Yeruzalemu yomera, hamwe n’amaherezo y’impunzi z’Abanyapalestina zo kuva mu ntambara ya 1948-49 yakurikiye icemezo c’ishingwa ry’igihugu ca Israel.

Mu kwa kane, uwuserukira Israel muri ONU Gilad Erdan yasubiwemwo na AFP avuga ko kubona hari ibiganiro vyariko biraba “vyari bimaze kuba intsinzi y’ihonyabwoko”, akongerako ko iyo bikagira ico bivuyemwo vyari kuba ari agashimwe kw’iterabwoba inyuma y’ibitero vya Hamas ku wa 7 Gitugutu.

Ibihugu bigamije kubandanya imigenderanire myiza na Israel bizotegerezwa kumenya ko kwemera Palestine nk’igihugu ari ikintu kizotera uburakari iyi ncuti yavyo.

Bimwe, harimwo ibishigikiye Israel, bivuga ko Abanyapalestina badakwije ibisabwa kugira bagire igihugu nk’uko biri mu masezerano ya Montevideo yo mu 1933 – abanyagihugu bahatuye, ubutaka buzwi, reta, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kugiriranira imigenderanire n’ibindi bihugu.

Ariko ibindi bifatira ku bintu bisanzwe, bigashimikira cane cane ku kwemerwa n’ibindi bihugu.

Uturere twa Palestina dufise ikibanza nyabaki muri ONU?

Abanyapalestina bafise ikibanza c’indorerezi atari umunywanyi, nk’uko bimeze kuri Vaticano.

Mu 2011, Palestine yarasavye kuba umunywanyi yuzuye wa ONU, ariko ibi vyaranse kubera Inama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano itabishigikiye kandi ata matora yigeze aba.

Hagati aho, mu 2012 ikoraniro rya ONU ryaratoye rishira ku rwego rwisununuye mu kwemeza ko Palestina iba “indorerezi atari umunywanyi”, ibi bikayiha akaryo ko kwitaba ibiyago mu makoraniro, nubwo idashobora gutora mu kwemeza canke guhakana ivyemezo, kuko atari umunywanyi yuzuye.

Iyi ngingo ya 2012 – yishimiwe muri Cisjordanie na Gaza, ariko ikanegurwa na Amerika na Israel – yahaye akaryo Abanyapalestina ko kwinjira mu mashirahamwe mpuzamakungu, harimwo sentare nkuru ya ONU, Sentare mpuzamakungu mpanavyaha, binjiyemwo mu 2015.

"Kuba umunywanyi yuzuye wa ONU vyoha Abanyapalestina inguvu zisumbirije ku rwego mpuzamakungu mu migenderanire yabo, harimwo ubushobozi bwo guterera mu vyemezo mu buryo butaziguye, kugira uruhara mu matora ya ONU, mbere vyonashika ikinjira/igatora mu Nama nkuru ijejwe umutekano kw’isi”, nk’uko bivugwa na Khaled Elgindy, umuyobozi ajejwe imigambi kuri Palestine no ku bibazo hagati ya Palestine na Israel, ku kigo c’abahinga Middle East Institute i Washington.

Yongerako ati: "Ariko nta na kimwe muri ibi cotuma haboneka inyishu ishingiye kw’ishingwa ry’ibihugu bibiri – iki kigashoboka mu gihe Israel ihagaritse kwihagira ubutaka bwa Palestine”.

Hagati aho, Gilbert Achcar, umwigisha wo kuri kaminuza School of Oriental and African Studies i Londres, abona ko "Ubutegetsi bwa Palestine ata kinini bwoshikako" ngo ni uko bubaye umunywanyi yuzuye.

Abona ko ahanini yoba ari intsinzi yo kw’izina gusa, ko yoba ari igihugu citwa ngo kirigenga ku gace gato cane k’ubutaka bwigaruriwe na Israel mu 1967 kandi kigendera kuri Israel.