Kubera iki Ubushinwa buri mu nzira yo kwemeza itegeko rishasha rishira imbere 'ubumwe bw'amoko'?

Haraciye imyaka itari mike reta y'Ubushinwa iguma yagirizwa gushira mu ngiro amategeko akaze agamije gucinyiza abanyagihugu bo mu moko y'inkehwa, mu kubategeka kwivangavanga no kwiyumvira nk'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Han basanzwe ari bo benshi bakagira n'umuco ukomeye kurusha iyindi mu gihugu.

Ubu rero itegeko rishasha ryitezwe kwemezwa mw'isasa ry'inama nshingamateka y'igihugu muri iyi ndwi, rikazoba rije gushimangira, kwagura no kwihutisha uwo mugambi. Abahinga bo muri za kaminuza n'abaharanira agateka ka zina muntu babona ko ivyo bizorushiriza guteza akaga ku burenganzira bw'abo mu moko y'inkehwa n'uburyo babaho.

Ariko leta y'Ubushinwa ivuga ko iryo tegeko ari ngirakamaro cane kugira igihugu gishike ku co yita "gutera imbere biciye mu bumwe burushirije". Mbere iryita itegeko ryo "guteza imbere ubumwe bw'amoko n'amajambere".

Risubiza hasi izindi ndimi rigaha ikibanza kinini ururimi rw'Iki-Mandarin (ruvugwa mu Bushinwa), rikanashigikira kandi ukwubakana hagati, ku ruhande rumwe, y'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Han busanzwe ari bwi nyamwinshi hamwe n'abo mu yandi moko, ku rundi. Iryo tegeko ritegekanya ko kizira kikaziririzwa kwirengagiza ivyo. Ikindi ni uko risaba abavyeyi "guha indero abana babo no kubigisha gukunda umugambwe wa gikomunista w'Ubushinwa". Kandi, mu mvugo ngufi ariko irimwo vyinshi, rirabuza ibikorwa vyose bifatwa nk'ivyoshobora gusambura "ubumwe bw'amoko".

Xi Jinping amaze guhamagarira akatari gake itunganywa gushasha ry'amadini kugira yisunge imbono y'umugambwe wiwe CCP bishingiye ku mico n'akarangamutima vy'Ubushinwa - abahinga babona ko iri tegeko arink'ugushimangira ivyari bisanzwe birangaubutegetsi bwiwe.

Mu myaka iheze, ingingo yo kubuza iyigishwa ry'ururimi rw'abamongoli mu ntara ya Mongolie hamwe n'iyo kubomora imisigiti mu karere ka Ningxia ko mu buraruko bushira uburengero bw'igihugu zakurikiwe n'imidugararo.

Mu guhangana n'ako kajagari, reta ishobora kuba yabonye ko ikeneye itegeko rishasha rirusha ububasha ayari ahasanzwe agenga uburenganzira bw'amoko y'inkehwa, nk'uko abahinga babivuga.

Ivyo rero bituma reta ishobora kugenzura uburere buhambaye cane buhuza Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bibanyi canke amabarabara y'ubudandaji akomeye.

Ni ivy'ukuri ko n'aho amoko amwe amwe y'abantu bake, nk'aba Uighurs, ari amamiliyoni y'abantu, baracari hasi ugereranije n'igitigiri c'abantu banditswe muri rusansuma nk'aba Han, bagize ibice birenga 90% vy'abanyagihugu b'Abashinwa.

Ariko iyo witegereje uburere abanya Tibet, aba Ouïghours n'abanya Mongolie baturukamwo, ni uburere bwuzuyemwo ubutare kandi bukaba ari nkenerwa cane ku burimyi, kandi ubwo burere bugize igice kitari gito c'igihugu.

Wihweje kahise, ayo moko yose yabayeho mu bihe bimwe bimwe yigenga atari mu maboko y'Ubushinwa. Aba mu bice binini vyo ku mbibe z'igihugu, aho ahura akanagirwako ingaruka n'imico y'ibihugu bibanyi vy'Ubushinwa. Iyo migwi ntivuga indimi yisangije gusa, ifise n'inyandiko zitandukanye n'izo mu bindi bice vy'Ubushinwa.

Mu gihe c'imyaka myinshi, reta y'Ubushinwa yagiye iha uburusho abashinwa b'aba Han kugira bimukire muri Tibet canke Xinjiang aho abanenga uwo mugirwa bavuga ko reta yariko igerageza kuzimaganya amoko y'inkehwa mu kuyazanamwo ibitigiri biyasumba vy'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Han.

Vyongeye, Beijing yagiye itera intege ukwubakana hagati y'amoko atandukanye ikanabitangira uturusho. Kuno kwubakana reta yashaka ko kuba cane cane hagati y'ubwoko bw'aba Ouïghour n'aba Han b'abashinwa. Ibi rero vyatumye reta yagirizwa kugerageza kuzimanganya imigwi y'inkehwa mu kuyivanga n'ubwoko bwi nyamwinshi. Ubu rero, itegeko rishasha rikora kuri ivyo.

Dr Glasserman yanonosoye ibijanye n'ubuzima bw'amoko n'ivy'amadini mu Bushinwa avuga ko muri iryo tegeko " badatomora ku mugaragaro ukwubakana hagati y'amoko. Ivyo bavuga ni uko ata muntu canke ishirahamwe bemerewe kwivanga mu mwidegemvyo w'abantu ujanye no kurondera uwo bubakana hashingiwe ku madini canke ubwoko".

Mu Bushinwa bwo muri 2026, biragoye guha ikiganiro aba Ouïghours, abanya Tibet canke abanya Mongolie bakiba mu burere bwabo bw'amavukiro kugira bakubwire ico bibaza kuri iryo tegeko. Biragoye kuko kunegura politike y'igihugu bishobora gutuma bapfungwa hamwe ivyo bashikirije vyofatwa nk'ibishigikira "ukwiyonkora".

N'ubwo biri uko, imigwi n'amashirahamwe aba hanze y'igihugu aharanira uburenganzira bw'abo banyagihugu aranegura ibiriko biraba akagabisha ko bishobora kugira ingaruka.

Mu kugabanya ukwigisha indimi zivugwa n'amoko y'inkehwa mu vyigwa bitandukanye, iryo tegeko rishasha rishimangira ko aba Ouïghours, abanya Tibet n'Abamongoli batazosubira kwemererwa kwiga mu ndimi zabo kavukire mu mashure no muri za kaminuza. Mu kibanza c'ivyo, bazohatirwa gukoresha Igishinwa mu mugambi ubandanya w'umugambwe wa gikomunista w'abashinwa ugamije guhatira amoko y'inkehwa kwivangavanga n'ubwoko bw'aba Han, nk'uko vyemezwa n'ishirahamwe Campaign for Uyghurs riharanira uburenganzira bw'aba Ouïghours.

Nk'uko abahinga benshi babibona, Beijing ntikeneye itegeko rishasha kugira igaragaze ububasha bwayo mu gihugu cose. Ariko akamaro ka ryo gahagaze ku butumwa reta itanga ku bijanye n'inzira Perezida Xi ariko ajanamwo Ubushinwa mu kiringo ca hafi.