'Nshobora kubaho indi myaka 30 – ariko ndashaka gupfa': Canada yaba ikabije gufasha abashaka urupfu?

April Hubbard yicaye imbere ku rubyiniro rw'icyumba cy'amakinamico aho ateganya gupfira muri uyu mwaka.

Ntabwo arwaye byo gupfa, ariko uyu munyabugeni mu byo kwiyerekana w'imyaka 39 yamaze kwemererwa gufashwa gupfa n'amategeko abyoroshya ya Canada.

Kuburira: Iyi nkuru irimo amakuru ashobora guhungabanya bamwe mu basomyi.

Araganira na BBC ari mu nyubako nto ikinirwamo amakinamico, mu mujyi wa Halifax mu ntara ya Nova Scotia.

Itara rimwe niryo rimumuritseho kuri uru rubyiniro yaserutseho inshuro nyinshi, arambwira uburyo ateganya gupfira hano "mu mezi ari imbere" mu gihe asatira kuzuza imyaka 40. Azaba ari kumwe n'abantu bacye b'inshuti ze, n'umuryango we.

April arateganya kuzaba ari "mu gitanda kinini" mu byo yita "umwanya wo kwizihiza", ubwo itsinda ry'abaganga rizatera urushinge rw'ingusho mu maraso ye.

Yagize ati: "Ndashaka kuzaba ngaragiwe n'abo nkunda bose bamfashe mu maboko maze mpumeke uwa nyuma, nkikijwe n'urukundo n'ubufasha".

April yavukanye 'spina bifida' aho uruti rw'umugongo ruba rufite umwobo, nyuma bamusanzemo ibibyimba hasi k'uruti rw'umugongo uburwayi avuga ko bumutera ububabare bukabije kandi buhoraho.

April amaze imyaka irenga 20 afata imiti ikaze icubya uburibwe ya opioids. Muri Werurwe(3) 2023 yasabye gufashwa gupfa muri gahunda ya Canada izwi nka Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID).

Nubwo yashoboraga gukomeza kubana n'ubu burwayi indi myaka za mirongo, yemerewe gufashwa gupfa hashize amezi arindwi abisabye.

Ku bantu barembye byo gupfa bo bashobora kubyemererwa mu masaha 24 gusa babisabye.

April ati: "Ububabare bwanjye buriyongera kandi singifite ubuzima bwiza butuma numva nuzuye kandi nishimye."

Buri uko ahumetse cyangwa anyeganyeze, nk'uko abivuga, yumva umubiri wo hasi ku ruti rw'umugongo "ukwedutse nk'umupira (rubber band) bakuruye cyane", kandi ingingo ze zo hasi zikamurya cyane.

Twahuye na we ubwo, kure cyane ya hano mu Bwongereza, abadepite bariho biga ubusabe bwo kwemerera abantu gupfa mu bihugu bya Wales na England.

Ibindi bihugu bitandukanye ku isi na byo birimo gukurikiranira hafi iby'uburenganzira bwo gufashwa gupfa ku babyifuza.

Muri iki cyumweru, BBC yatumiwe na Wayne Hawkins umugabo wo muri California muri Amerika ngo ize kureba uko afashwa gupfa ku busabe bwe kuko amategeko y'iyi leta abyemerera abarwayi barembye babyifuza.

Abanenga ibi muri Canada bavuga ko amategeko abigenga yoroshye cyane ku buryo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye.

Canada ubu ifite amwe mu mategeko yoroshya cyane gufashwa gupfa kurusha ahandi ku isi, asa n'ayo mu Buholandi no mu Bubiligi.

Batangije iriya gahunda ya MAID mu 2016, bwa mbere yari igenewe abantu bakuru barembye byo gupfa bafite indwara zidakira zitera ububabare bukabije.

Mu 2021, ibyo kuba urembye byo gupfa byavanyweho, kandi mu myaka ibiri iri imbere leta ya Canada irateganya gufungurira iyi gahunda n'abafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe badafite ikibazo cy'ingingo.

Abanenga MAID bavuga ko urupfu rurimo guhindurwa umuti wemewe ku bafite ubumuga n'ibibazo bikomeye by'amagara.

Andrew Gurza umujyanama mu bigendanye n'ubumuga akaba n'inshuti ya April, ati: "Muri Canada biroroshye gufashwa n'abaganga gupfa kurusha kubona ubufasha bwa leta bwo kubaho".

Andrew, ufite indwara y'ubwonko izwi nka 'cerebral palsy' kandi ugendera mu igare ry'abarwayi, avuga ko yubaha amahitamo ya April, gusa ati: "Ubumuga bwanjye nibwanga nkakenera gufashwa kurushaho, nzakomeza nifuze kubaho. Kumenya ko hari itegeko rivuga ngo ushobora kurangiza byoroshye ubuzima bwawe – biteye ubwoba".

Mbere y'uko yemererwa gufashwa gupfa, April yabanje gusuzumwa n'abaganga bigenga basabwaga kumumenyesha n'ubundi buryo bwo koroshya ububabare bwe nk'indi nzira yo gukomeza kubaho.

Tumubwiye ko hari abandi bamugaye bumva babangamiwe na MAID, cyangwa uburyo ikoreshwa nk'inzira ya bugufi kurusha gushaka ubuvuzi bwisumbuyeho, April yasubije ati: "Niba wumva MAID idakwiye kuri wowe nta uzayiguhatira".

Mu 2023 abantu 15,343 bafashijwe gupfa muri iyi gahunda muri Canada – ni hafi umuntu umwe ku bantu 20 bapfa muri iki gihugu, igipimo cyazamutse cyane guhera mu 2016. Ikigereranyo rusange cy'imyaka y'abafashijwe gupfa ni imyaka 77.

Mu nshuro zose uretse nke cyane, urushinge rwica rwatewe na muganga cyangwa umuforomokazi, ibizwi nk'ikinya gitewe ku bwende. Umuganga umwe twavuganye, Eric Thomas, yavuze ko yafashije abarwayi 577 gupfa.

Dr Konia Trouton, ukuriye 'Canadian Association of Maid Assessors and Providers' na we yafashije amagana y'abarwayi gupfa kuva iri tegeko ryakwemezwa.

Uko abigenza ni kumwe buri gihe – agera ku rugo rw'uwahawe uburenganzira bwa MAID akamubaza niba yifuza ko bikorwa uwo munsi. Dr Konia avuga ko buri gihe abarwayi ari bo bategeka uko bikorwa bakamubwira "niba biteguye kugenda".

Ati: "Ibyo bimpa ishema, inshingano, n'amahirwe yo kubafasha muri icyo gihe cya nyuma cyabo, n'umuryango wabo uri aho, ababakunda babakikije kandi bazi neza ko icyo cyemezo bagifashe babyitondeye".

Iyo igisubizo ari yego, ahita afungura igikapu cye cy'abaganga.

Mu kwereka BBC uko ibikurikira bigenda, Dr Konia yanyambitse agakoresho gafunga gutembera neza kw'amaraso ku kaboko (tourniquet), anyereka aho ajomba urushinge mu mutsi w'inyuma y'ikiganza cyanjye kugira ngo umuti wica winjire mu mubiri.

Mu gakapu ke kandi harimo agakoresho kumva ibitera imbere mu mubiri (stethoscope). Ati: "Biratangaje ko muri iyi minsi ngakoresha cyane mu kwemeza neza ko umutima w'umuntu utarimo gutera kurusha kumva uko utera".

96% by'abemererwa gufashwa gupfa muri Canada baba bari "mu kiciro cya mbere" aho byemezwa n'abaganga ko urupfu "bigaragara ko ruri imbere".

Dr Konia avuga ko ibyo bivuze ko abarwayi baba "barimo gusatira urupfu", ibishobora guhera ku muntu cancer irimo gukwirakwiramo vuba usigaranye ibyumweru byo kubaho, kugera ku muntu ufite uburwayi bwo mu bwonko bwa Alzheimer's "ushobora kuba asigaranye imyaka itanu cyangwa irindwi".

Indi 4% y'abafashwa gupfa iza mu "kiciro cya kabiri". Abo ni abantu bakuru nka April, batagiye gupfa ariko bafite ububabare batihanganira kubera "indwara itavurwa ngo ikire".

Urupfu biciye mu rushinge rw'ingusho ubusanzwe rufata iminota micye, kuko imiti yica ihita itembera mu maraso, mu gihe kumira imiti yica bishobora gufata uwayinyoye hagati y'isaha imwe n'amasaha abiri ngo apfe, nubwo nyuma y'iminota micye ayinyweye ahita ata ubwenge.

'Canada yahanutse ku manga'

Abarwanya aya mategeko ya Canada bavuga ko urupfu rurimo gukoreshwa nk'igisubizo aho gushakisha ubufasha buruseho bwo kuvura.

Umwe muri bo ni Dr Ramona Coelho, umuganga mu mujyi wa London mu ntara ya Ontario, ufasha amatsinda ahabwa akato kubona ubuvuzi. Kimwe na Dr Konia, Dr Ramona na we ari mu itsinda risuzuma ubusabe bw'abifuza gufashwa gupfa.

Dr Ramona yambwiye ko MAID itakibasha "kugenzurwa". Ati: "Sinanabyita kunyerera gusa, ahubwo Canada yahanutse ku manga".

Yongeraho ati: "Abantu bafite ibitekerezo byo kwiyambura ubuzima twarabasangaga tukabaha ubujyanama, abarwayi barembye byo gupfa n'abafite izindi ndwara tukabafasha koroshya ububabare no kubaho.

"Ariko ubu, mu buryo budakwiye, turimo kubona benshi basaba kurangiza ubuzima bwabo vuba vuba cyane."

Nkiri kwa Dr Ramona nahuye na Vicki Whelan wahoze ari umuforomokazi, nyina Sharon Scribner yapfuye mu 2023 azize cancer y'ibihaha afite imyaka 81.

Vicki yambwiye uburyo nyina mu minsi ye ya nyuma mu bitaro yabwiwe n'abaganga MAID nk'amahitamo. Ariko akanga.

Uyu muryango, w'ukwemera Gatolika, wavanye umubyeyi wabo mu bitaro kugira ngo ajye gupfira mu rugo, aho Vicki avuga ko nyina yagize "urupfu rwiza, mu mahoro".

Vicki ati: "Bituma twibaza ko tudashobora kwihangana, ko tudakwiye kubabara na gato, aho ubu umuntu ahitamo gufashwa gupfa kandi nyamara tumaze imyaka n'imyaka dupfa.

"Ubu turimo kubwira abantu ko ayo ari amahitamo meza. [Ariko] ntekereza ko ari ukwambura abantu icyizere".

'Si uku nifuza kubaho'

Bamwe bibaza niba kuba muri Canada hari ababona ubu buryo nk'ikibazo bishobora kuburira ibindi bihugu ku isi byifuza kubushyira mu mahitamo y'abarwayi.

Aya mategeko ya Canada yagiyeho kubera imyanzuro y'inkiko. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwaho rwategetse Inteko Ishingamategeko ko kubuza abantu gufashwa gupfa binyuranyije n'Itegeko Ngenga ry'Uburenganzira n'Ubwisanzure.

Ariko ibihugu ku isi bifite amategeko atandukanye n'inzego ziyashyiraho ziratandukanye mu migirire n'ibyo bemera.

April arabizi ko hari abantu bamureba, bakibaza impamvu umuntu nka we ukiri muto ashaka gupfa.

Gusa ati: "Turi inzobere mu guhisha no kutareka ngo abantu babone ko turi kubababara.

"Ariko mu by'ukuri, hari iminsi binanira kubihisha, kandi hari iminsi myinshi ntabasha no kwegura umutwe wanjye ku musego, kandi sinkibasha no kurya.

"Si uku nifuza kubaho indi myaka 10 cyangwa 20 cyangwa 30".