Korea y'Epfo yabujije terefone mw'ishure mu gihugu cose

Korea y'Epfo yemeje itegeko ribuza ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone ngendanwa n'utundi dukoresho twa none mu masaha y'ivyigwa mu mashure - kikaba kibaye igihugu ca vuba kigabanuye ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone mu bana n'abayabaga.

Iryo tegeko, rizotangura kuja mu ngiro kuva mu ntango z'umwaka mushasha w'ishure uzotangura mu mwaka uza mu 2026, ryavuye mu gikorwa gihuriweko n'imigambwe yose co kurwanya ukwifatirwa n'amaterefone, mu gihe ivyigwa biguma vyerekana ko bifise ingaruka mbi.

Abashingamateka, abavyeyi n'abigisha bavuga ko gukoresha amaterefone ngendanwa ya none (smartphones) bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa vy'umunyeshure mw'ishure kandi zikabatwara umwanya bokoresheje mu kwiga.

Iyo nngingo ariko hari abayifiseko amakenga, harimwo abanyeshure, batabona ingene izoshirwa mu ngiro, ingaruka zayo mu buryo bwagutse no kumenya niba koko ije kuba inyishu ku kibazo co kwifatirwa n'amaterefone (addiction).

Iryo tegeko ryemejwe ku majwi ahagije ku wa gatatu, ku bantu 115 batoye kuryemeza ku bashingamateka 163 bari bitavye.

Amashure menshi muri Korea y'Epfo yari asanzwe yaramaze gufata ibisa n'ingingo zo kubuza ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone. Kandi si yo ya mbere ibikoze.

Ibihugu nka Finlande n'Ubufaransa vyarabujije amaterefone ku rugero ruto kurusha aho, iyo ngingo ikaba ikora gusa ku mashure y'abana bakiri bato cane. Ibindi nk'Ubutariyano, Ubuhorandi n'Ubushinwa vyarabujije ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone mu mashure yose.

Ariko Korea y'Epfo ibaye mu bihugu bike bishize iyo ngingo mw'itegeko.

Abana muri iyi minsi ''ntibashaka gushira amaterefone yabo ku ruhande,'' bivugwa na Choi Eun-young, nyina w'umwana w'imyaka 14 i Seoul.

Ariko si abana gusa. Hafi ica kane ku bantu miriyoni 51 baba muri ico gihugu bakoresha amaterefone birengeje, ku bw'icigwa ca reta co mu 2024. Ariko urwo rugero rwirwiza akarenga kabiri - gushika ku 43% - mu bafise imyaka iri hagati ya 10 na 19. Kandi urwo rugero ruguma ruduga uko imyaka ihera.

Abarenga ica gatatu c'abayabaga bavuga kandi ko bibagora cane kugabanya umwanya bamara baraba ama video ku mbuga hwaniro. Abavyeyi bafise impungenge ko ivyo bica bitwara ikibanza c'ibindi vyose bari gushobora kuba bariko barakora muri uwo mwanya.

''Iyo bagiye kw'ishure, baba bagiye kwiga, ariko kandi kugira bamenyerane n'abandi, bubake ubugenzi kandi bagire uruhara mu tundi dukorwa dutandukanye. Ariko ntibashobora gufatira umwanya ivyo bindi,'' bivugwa na madame Choi. ''N'iyo bariko barayaga n'abagenzi, nta kanya gahera batagiye kuri terefone, kandi birumvikana ko ivyo biheza bigahungabanya n'ukwiga.''

Bamwe mu bavyeyi, nka Kim Sun, afise abana b'abakobwa babiri bari mu mashure y'intango, baratewe kandi impungenge y'ugutukana ku mbuga hwaniro, aho ''abana baterana ibitutsi bikomeye utokwibaza''.

Cho Jung-hun, umushingamateka wo mu mugambwe utavuga rumwe n'uwuri ku butegetsi, People Power Party, yazanye iyo nteguro, avuga ko yatewe intege n'uko hari ibindi bihugu vyafashe ingingo nk'izo. Avuga ko hari ivyemezo ''bikomeye vya science n'ubuganga'' ko kwifatirwa na terefone ''bifise ingaruka mbi cane kw'iterambere ry'ubwonko bw'umunyeshure n'ugukura kwiwe mu bijanye n'amarangamutima''.

N'ubwo ribuza ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone mu masaha y'ishure gusa, iryo tegeko riraha ububasha abigisha bwo kubuza abanyeshure gukoresha amaterefone yabo mu bigo vy'ishure. Risaba kandi amashure kwigisha abanyeshure kumenya gukoresha neza utwo dukoresho twa none.

Ariko hari bimwe bimwe iryo tegeko rirekura. Riremerera abanyeshure bafise ubumuga canke ivyo bakeneye vyihariye mu kwiga gukoresha udukoresho tubunganira, rikemera kandi ikoreshwa ryatwo ku mvo zo kwiga canke mu gihe habaye ivyihutirwa.

Ariko abigisha basa n'abadahuriza kuri iyo ngingo. Ku migwi ibiri y'abigisha ya mbere ikomeye muri ico gihugu, uwugendera ku mico ya kera, Korean Federation of Teachers' Association, ni wo wonyene washigikiye iyo ngingo, uvuga ko itanze inzira ishingiye ku mategeko yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amaterefone mw'ishure.

Umuvugizi w'uwo mugwi yavuze ko, ku bw'amatohoza wakoze hagati yabo, hafi abigisha 70% bavuze ko habaye uguhungabana kw'ivyigwa kubera ugukoresha amaterefone, aho bamwe mu banyeshure bananirwa no ''kwihangana muri uwo mwanya [abigisha baba babujije ko terefone zikoreshwa], bagatuka canke bagahangara abigisha''.

Uwundi mugwi, Korean Teachers and Educational Workers' Union, wavuze ko udafise aho uhagaze icese kuri iryo tegeko - uvuga ko bamwe muri wo babona ko iyo ngingo ihonyanga uburenganzira bw'abanyeshure bwo gukoresha amaterefone yabo.

''Mu vy'ukuri, abanyeshure nta kibanza bafise co guhura n'abagenzi atari kuri Kakao Talk canke Instagram, kuko umwanya wose bahatirwa guhiganwa kw'ishure'', bivugwa na Cho Young-sun, umwigisha wo mw'ishgure ryisumbuye avuga ko iryo tegeko riraba amaterefone aho kuraba igituma nyamukuru gihanze abanyeshure - ikibazo c'igihugu (test) co kwinjira muri kaminuza gisaba ihiganwa rikomeye cane.

Ico kizwi nka Suneung, ni ikibazo c'ivyigwa bitandukanye c'amasaha umunani umuntu ataruhustse abanya-Korea benshi bavuga ko ari co gishinga kazoza kabo. Amanota umuntu aronse afise uruhara rukomeye mu kumenya niba azoja kuri kaminuza, aramutse agiyeyo naho, iya he, hanyuma bigaca bitanga intumbero y'akazi n'umushahara ashobora kuzoronka ahejeje.

Abana batangura kwitegurira ico kibazo kuva ku munsi wa mbere bahonyoye mw'ishure. Umunyeshure w'imyaka 13 atashatse ko izina ryiwe rimenyekana yabwiye BBC ko ata mwanya wo kwifatirwa na terefone afise kuko ivyigwa aca ajamwo iyo avuye kw'ishure hamwe n'ibikorwa bamuha ngo aje gukorera i muhira akenshi bimufatira gushika inyuma ya sasita z'ijoro iminsi yose.

''Aho kubaka amaterefone, nibaza ko intambwe ya mbere yari kubanza kwigisha abanyeshure ko bashobora kuyirinda,'' bivugwa na Seo Min-joon, umunyeshure w'imyaka 18 agwanya iyo ngingo yo kubuza amaterefone.

Kubuza amaterefone mu gihe c'ivyigwa ntibishika ku kintu kinini, nk'uko avuga, kuko ''abanyeshure n'ubundi baba bari ku materefone yabo iyo bari muri bisi canke baryamye mw'ijoro''.

''Nta cakozwe mu kwigisha ikoreshwa ryazo neza, habaye kuzaka gusa.''