Tigray: Ibyo tuzi ku bitero bya drones muri Ethiopia
Ahavuye isanamu, Reuters
- Umwanditsi, Peter Mwai
- Igikorwa, BBC Reality Check
Abantu babarirwa muri za mirongo bishwe n'ibitero by'indege mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia mu gace ka Tigray mu mezi ya vuba ashize.
Bimwe mu bitero byari birimo indege ntoya cyane zitabamo abapilote zizwi nka drones, ndetse impungenge z'imibare y'abaguye muri ibi bitero zikomeje kwiyongera.
Leta, imaze umwaka urenga irwana n'abayirwanya, ivuga ko ifite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha intwaro iyo ari yo yose ibonye.
Ihakana ko yigeze igambirira kurasa abasivile.
Tariki 08 Mutarama(01): Igitero ku nkambi y'abahunze
Igitero ku nkambi y'abavuye mu byabo imbere mu gihugu ahitwa Dedebit tariki 08 z'uku kwezi kwa Mutarama, cyishe abantu barenga 50 gikomeretsa abarenga 100.
Amashusho ya nyuma y'iki gitero - abakozi b'imiryango ifasha bahaye Politico - yatumye abakora iperereza bacyeka ko intwaro yakoreshejwe hano ishobora kuba ari misile yarashwe na drone ya Bayraktar TB2 ikorerwa muri Turkiya.
Ibice - birimo n'ibyavuye ku mababa - bisa n'ibihura n'iby'ubwoko bw'izo drones, nk'uko abashakashatsi bo mu kigo Pax peace group cyo mu Buholandi na Amnesty International babivuga.
Ibya drones zo muri Turkiya mu ntambara ya Ethiopia byavuzwe mu kwezi gushize k'Ukuboza na Wim Zwijnenburg, ukora iperereza muri Pax.
Yerekanye amashusho y'icyogajuru (satellite) agaragaza izo drones ziparitse mu kibuga cy'indege cya gisirikare cya leta mu gace kari mu majyepfo ya Tigray.
Zibasha gutandukanywa n'izindi mu kugereranya ubunini bwazo, harimo n'uko amababa yazo areshya.
Iyi nkuru irimwo ivyatanzwe na X. Dukeneye uruhusha rwawe imbere yuko bigushikira, kuko birashobora kuba bikoresha cookies hamwe n'ubundi buhinga. Wobanza ugasoma aha X amategeko agenga cookien'ayagenga ubuzima bwite imbere yuko wemera. Kugira ubibone hitamwo 'emera hanyuma ubandanye'.
Impera ya X ubutumwa
BBC ntibazwa ibivuye ku zindi mbuga.
Ntabwo tuzi niba izi drones zerekanywe ari zo zakoreshejwe muri iki gitero, kandi leta ya Ethiopia ntiyigeze yemeza ko yazikoresheje.
Mu mwaka ushize Turkiya yasinye amasezerano y'ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare na Ethiopia, nubwo ibyayo byose bitatangajwe.
Ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters mu Ukuboza byatangaje ko Amerika yavuze impungenge itewe no kuba leta ya Turkiya iri gucuruza drones kuri Ethiopia.
06 Mutarama: Igitero ku nyeshyamba za Oromo
Mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi igitero cyagabwe ku nyeshyamba mu gace ka Oromia, zari zimaze kwifatanya n'izo muri Tigray.
Nta makuru menshi yamenyekanye, ntihazwi neza abaguye muri iki gitero.
Ariko, iki gitero aho hantu hitwa Gidami cyasize ibimenyetso bimwe, ibice bya misile - abakora iperereza bamwe bavuze ko ari iby'intwaro zo muri Iran.
Amashusho ya satellite yo mu Ukuboza yagaragaje ko drone yo muri Iran iri ku kibuga cya Harar Meda, iyi yamenyekanye kubera ingano yayo n'ibindi biyiranga.
Ikigo gikurikirana ingendo z'indege cyabonye ingendo z'indege z'imizigo zigera kuri 15 ziva muri Iran zijya kibuga cya gisirikare cya Harar Meda n'ikibuga cy'indege kinini cya Addis Ababa cya Bole mu kwezi kwa Kanama (8) mu 2021. Ibyo zari zitwaye ntabwo bizwi.
Ariko, mu Ukwakira(10) gushize, abategetsi ba Amerika bamaganye kuba Iran iri kohereza za drone mu mahanga kandi bavuga ko Ethiopia ari hamwe mu hantu ziri kujyanwa.
16 Ukuboza: Igitero ku isoko rya Alamata
Hagati mu kwezi gushize k'Ukuboza 2021, ibitero by'indege byishe abasivile 28 mu isoko rya Alamata mu majyepfo ya Tigray.
Inyeshyamba TPLF za Tigray zavuze ko indege na drones za leta ari zo zabikoze.
Amashusho yabyo yatangajwe kuri Tigray TV, yerekana ibisigazwa bya misile zarashwe n'izo ndege.
Ibice by'inyuma bya misile bisigara aho yarashwe, bishobora kuboneka neza muri ayo mashusho.
Iperereza kuri yo - hakoreshejwe amakuru atangazwa kuri izo misile - ryemeje ko hashingiwe kuri aya mashusho, ibice byerekanywe bisa n'ibya misile za Blue Arrow 7 zikorerwa mu Bushinwa kandi zishobora gushyirwa kuri drone.
Amashusho ya satellite yerekanye za drone zo mu Bushinwa za Wing Loong ziparitse ku kibuga cy'indege cya gisirikare cya Harar Meda tariki 15 Ukuboza - umunsi umwe mbere y'igitero cya Alamata.
Abakora iperereza ku makuru yatangajwe babona ko Ethiopia yakuye drones za Wing Loong mu Bushinwa, zije mbere na mbere gukora ubutasi.
Amakuru ya 'apps' zikurikirana ingendo z'indege yerekanye indege z'imizigo zavuye ahitwa Chengdu mu Bushinwa, ahari uruganda rwa leta rukora drones rwa Chengdu Aircraft Industry, zijya muri Ethiopia muri Nzeri(9) n'Ukwakira(10) umwaka ushize.
Ariko hari n'ikindi gihugu gifite drones za Wing Loong na misile za Blue Arrow na cyo cyoherereje Ethiopia ibikoresho - Emira Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu(UAE).
Ugendeye ku makuru y'ububiko bw'intwaro akusanywa na Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), UAE ifite drones za Wing Loong, na misile za Blue Arrow.
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Kandi amakuru y'ingendo z'indege yerekana ingendo 119 z'imizigo mu gihe cy'amezi atanu umwaka ushize hagati y'ibibuga by'indege bya gisirikare bya UAE n'ikibuga cya Harar Meda hamwe n'ikibuga cy'indege cya Bole. Ntihazwi neza ibyo izo ndege zabaga zizanye.
Leta ya Ethiopia ibivugaho iki?
Legesse Tulu, umuvugizi wa leta ya Ethiopia, ntajya mu birambuye kuri ibi byose.
Yabwiye BBC ati: "Simvuga ahantu, ariko leta yarazikoresheje [drones] mu gihe n'ahantu bitandukanye."
Yashimangiye kandi ko zitigeze zikoreshwa mu kurasa abasivile.
BBC yabajije leta zivugwaho koherereza drones Ethiopia - ariko ntabwo zagize icyo zisubiza.
Twegereye kandi kompanyi yo muri Turkiya ikora drone za Bayraktar, ariko ntiyagira icyo isubiza.
Nta 'embargo' (ikomanyirizwa) ku ntwaro ubu iriho kuri Ethiopia, kandi kohereza intwaro mu mahanga ntibisobanurwa neza n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga.
Ariko ikoreshwa rya drones mu makimbirane ahantu hanyuranye ku isi biboneka ko riri kwiyongera.
Wim Zwijnenburg, wo muri Pax group, abona ko urugero rwa Ethiopia "rutuma hibazwa byinshi, ugereranyije n'ibirego byinshi byo kurenga ku mategeko mpuzamahnaga".
Izindi nkuru wasoma:
