Akaga kava kuri plastic gakeneye amasezerano akomeye-Icegeranyo

Ikibazo gitewe n'ibintu bikozwe muri plastic usanga vyuzuye ahantu hose kirahanze isi kandi gikeneye amasezerano akomeye ya ONU, nk'uko biri mu cegeranyo.

Urwego rukora amatohoza ku bidukikije Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) ruvuga ko hari ibintu vyinshi bigaragaza amabi aturuka kuri plastic.

Ruvuga ko ukugeramirwa n'ihumana rituruka kuri plastic kungana n'uguturuka kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

Impwemu duhumeka ubu zirimwo utuvunguka duto duto cane (micro particles) twa plastic, mu bishiga vy'amazi ku mpera y'isi harimwo plastic, mw'isi ndimwa harimwo plastic, no mu vyo turya harimwo plastic.

Nk'akarorero, bivugwa ko inzovu zishika kuri 20 muri Thailande zapfuye kubera zariye umucafu wa plastic ahatabwa iyarara.

Abanditse ico cegeranyo bahimiriza ibihugu kwumvikana ku masezerano ya ONU bakiha n'amahangiro bategerezwa gushikako kugira hagabanywe plastic zikorwa n'izitabwa.

Tom Gammage wo muri EIA avuga ati: "Hari isaha iguma yerekana ko uko umwanya uhera ariko ibintu bipfa gusumba".

"Hamwe uwo mupfunda w'ihumana wobandanya atawuwugenzura, ama-plastic azoba ari mu mabahari gushika mu 2040 ashobora kuba arusha ibiro (uburemere) amafi yose ari mu mazi".

ONU ibona ko hari ingeramizi zikomeye zitatu ku bidukikije - ihindagurika ry'ibihe, gutakaza uruvange rw'ibinyabuzima hamwe n'ihumana - ibona ko vyose bikwiye gutorerwa inyishu hamwe.

Amasezerano hagati y'ibihugu ku gutakaza uruvange rw'ibinyabuzima no kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe amaze imyaka hafi 30 ahari (n'ubwo atashoboye guhagarika isukwa ry'imyuka ya CO2 mu kirere canke gukingira isi kama).

Iciyumciro c'amasezerano yihariye ku ma-plastic cagumye kirwanywa n'ibihugu bimwe bimwe muri iyi myaka iheze.

Ariko ibihugu birenga 100, birimwo Ubwongereza, bivugwa ko bishigikiye ko hozanwa integuro y'amasezerano mu nama ya ONU yimirije ku bidukikije izoba muri Ruhuhuma na Ntwaranten (ukwa kabiri n'ukwa gatatu).

Amasoko avuga ukurwanya imbona nkubone ayo masezerano kugenda kuragabanuka, n'ubwo hakiri impari zo kumenya ahogarukira inguvu z'ayo masezerano, hamwe no kumenya ko yoba itegeko n'uko yokurikizwa ku bushake.

Umukuru w'igihugu ca Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Joe Biden yatangaje ko igihugu ciwe gishigikiye ko haba amasezerano y'isi yose, kare yari yarwanijwe n'uwahoze ari mukuru w'igihugu Donald Trump.

Ikitazwi gusa ni ukumenya niba azoshigikirwa n'inzego zitora amategeko mu gihe plastic nyinshi zikorwa mu bitoro na gaz - ivyo vyompi bikaba bihingurwa muri Amerika.

Ubuyapani bivugwa ko buriko buragerageza kugabanya aho ayo masezerano yoshaka kugarukira.

Ibihugu vyo mu kigobe c'abarabu n'Ubushinwa gushika ubu biri mu gacerere.

Ubushinwa nibwo bukora plastic nyinshi "z'isugi", n'ubwo Amerika n'Ubwongereza arivyo bihugu bivugwa ko bikora plastic nyinshi ku muntu umwe umwe.

Ashikiriza icegeranyo ca EIA, Gammage yavuze ati: "Ihumana rigaragara rituruka kuri plastic rirateye abantu impungenge zikomeye ariko ahanini ihumana riva kuri plastic ntirigaragara ku maso.

"Ivyononwa n'uguhingura plastic z'isugi hamwe n'igihe zimara zisubirwamwo kugira zongere gukoreshwa ntibigarurwa -ivyo bigeramiye imibereho y'abantu hamwe n'ubushobozi bw'isi bwo kwigumanya nk'ahantu habereye kuba. Biriko birakomera hafi co kimwe n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe."

Umwigisha Richard Thompson wo muri kaminuza ya Plymouth, izwi cane mu bijanye na plastic, yabwiye BBC ko amasezerano ya ONU yoshimikira ku kwihweza ubuzima bwose bw'ingene plastic ziguma zivugururwa kugira zongere gukoreshwa.

Yavuze ati: "Imvo itera ico kibazo ishingiye ku ngero zitagenzuwe zo gukora no gukoresha plastic.

"Gushira imbere imigambi iteza imbere gusa ikoreshwa ry'ibihinguwe muri plastic bishobora gukoreshwa kenshi ntaco bizofasha kiretse hariho inzego aho nyene zegeranya, zikarobanura, hanyuma zigasubiramwo neza izo plastic.

Bizokora neza ari uko hariho inzego zo gukurikirana ahaja imicafu ivuye kuri izo plastic.

Umuvugizi w'ishirahamwe rya plastic mu Bwongereza, British Plastics Federation, yabwiye BBC ati: "Ibikoresho vya plastic ni ibikoresho bitaremereye, vyoroshe gutwara, bidasaba inguvu, gupfa kurondera ibibisubirira bishobora kutagira ingaruka nziza ku bidukikije, kandi bikanashamikira ku magara n'umutekano w'abantu.

"Ibintu bibabaje tubona aho usanga plastic zigeze mu mabahari irya n'ino kw'isi ni ingaruka ry'ugutunganya nabi ibijanye n'ukwegeranya umucafu uva ku ma-plastic mu turere twinshi, kandi niba twifuza ko haba ubudasa, aho niho dutegereza gushimikira."

Trisia Farrelly , umushakashatsi mu bijanye n'ama-plastic kuri kaminuza ya Massey muri Nouvelle-Zélande, yabwiye BBC ko kompanyi z'ibitoro na gaz, ari nazo zikora ibihingurwamwo plastic, zitaho cane ibijanye n'imicafu iva kuri plastic aho kuraba ihingurwa ryazo muri rusangi.

Yavuze ati ubu ikibazo ni iki: "Ayo masezerano azoba ameze gute? Hazoba hariho igice cayo coroshe co gushimikira ku micafu yisuka mu mazi hamwe n'itunganywa ry'imicafu? Canke hazoba ingingo izofatira hamwe ubuzima bwose plastic imara iguma yongera gusubira gukoreshwa harimwo gucukura no guhingura gushika kw'ihumana?"

Aremera ko hakenewe ibindi vyigwa vy'ubuhinga kugira hamenyekane aho plastic zigarukira mu kuba ubumara, ariko avuga ko no guteba kugira ivyo bikorwe navyo bibangamye.

"Ivyigwa vy'ubuhinga n'ubumenyi (Science) kuri bimwe bimwe bijanye na plastic biracari bishasha kandi ni uruzitane.

"Ariko hari ivyemezo bihagije kugira tumenye ko hakenewe ibikorwa vyihuta kugira hirindwe ivyokwonekera mu buryo ntasubirwamwo kubera ihumana riturutse kuri plastic".

N'ubwo hari amakompanyi amwe amwe akinana ko haboneka amategeko mpuzamakungu, ayandi arabishigikiye. Umurwi umwe, plasticpollutiontreaty.org, usaba ama kompanyi kwiyemeza gukurikiza amategeko yisungwa na bose kugira habe gukora co kimwe muri ico gisata c'ama-plastic.