Menya abahinga bane b'ibibihangange kw'isi 'bicuza' ku vyo batoye vyaje gutikiza inganda

Guhingura ikintu kitari bwigere kibaho hanyuma kigahindura amateka ya kiremwamuntu ni co kintu ca mbere gishimisha kigatera umunezero nyene kugitanguza.

Iyumvire umunezero bumva nk'abatanguje ibintu bitari bimenyerewe nk'imodoka, imoteri canke ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi!

Ariko rero n'aho biri uko, si ukuvuga ko ivyahinguwe vyose vyama bitanga amahirwe kw'isi; hariho bimwe, tuvugishije ukuri, vyabaye amahano ateye agahinda.

Kandi bamwe muri aba bahinga batoye ibi bintu biteye ubwoba barangije ubuzima bwabo bicuza, umutima wabo ubagiriza ku bintu vyabo bahinguye.

Aba ni bane muri aba banyambwenge b'ibihangange batanguje - batabanje gupima inguvu ivyo batanguje vyari bifise mu kwonona - ibirwanisho bimwe bimwe ruhonyanganda mu mateka y'isi.

1. Robert Oppenheimer, "se w'ikibombe ruhonyanganda (bombe atomique)":

Nta wundi muntu n'umwe yari bwigere yiyumvira guhingura ibibombe vya nucleaire mu gihe c'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose atari Robert Oppenheimer.

Uyu muhinga w'umunyamerika niwe yari arongoye umugambi wari uzwi nk' "Umugambi wa Manhattan" (Projet Manhattan/Manhattan Project), umugambi wahavuye uhingura ikibombe ca mbere ca nucleaire mu mateka y'isi.

Ico kibombe cageragerejwe mu bugaragwa bwa New Mexico mu gikorwa ciswe Trinity (Ubutatu) ku wa 16 z'ukw'indwi 1945, hasigaye ikiringo kidashika ukwezi ngo ibibombe bibiri vy'ubu bwoko vyihe inkumbi mu bisagara vya Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani, aho bivugwa ko vyahitanye abantu bari hagati ya 150.000 na 250.000.

Oppenheimer yiyumviriye uyu mugambi inyuma y'aho umuhinga karuhariwe Albert Einstein yandikiye ikete Perezida wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Franklin Roosevelt, amwereka ko ari nka hamwe aba Nazi b'Abadagi boramuka baronse ikibombe ca nucleaire imbere y'abandi bose, isi yari kuja mu kaga katari kugira izina, ari naho reta ya Amerika yaca ishira inguvu zose muri uyu mugambi.

Ivyo bibombe bimaze guterwa, Oppenheimer yarababaye abonye isinzi ry'abantu vyatikije i Hiroshima na Nagasaki, mbere akaba yaciye anatanga imihoho haciye amezi abiri bitewe.

Hagati ya 1947 na 1952, yari umuhanuzi mu murwi w'igihugu ujejwe amasoko ntanganguvu akoresha inguvu za nucleaire (United States Atomic Energy Commission), akaba yaguma ahanura ko hoba umugambi mpuzamakungu wo kurwanya ibirwanisho vya nucleaire.

Hampande y'ibi, yaranarwanije bikomeye guhingura ibirwanisho bikoresha umwuka wa hydrogene, n'aho utwigoro twiwe ataco twashitseko kubera ibihe isi yarimwo, mbere akaba yagiye gufatwa nk'uwushaka kwifatanya n'umwansi wa Amerika.

2. Arthur Galston hamwe n'ubumara buzwi nka 'Agent Orange'

Uyu muhinga wa Amerika mu bijanye n'ibinyabuzima (biologiste) Arthur Galston ntiyigeze yiyumvira ko ikintu yariko arahingura cari guhava kivamwo ikirwanisho kizwi kw'izina rya Agent Orange.

Ubushakashastsi bwiwe bwari bwerekeye imisemburo y'ibimera n'ingaruka z'umuco ku vyerekeye ugukura kwavyo.

Niho yahinguye umuti witwa triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) mu ntumbero yo gufasha kugira ngo igiterwa c'isoya kizane amashurwe hakiri kare kandi gikure ningoga.

Yaragabishije ko uwu muti ukoreshejwe nabi ushobora gutuma iki giterwa gitakaza amababi.

Ariko, ubu bushakashatsi ntibwagarukiye ku biterwa gusa kuko bwakoreshejwe mu vya gisirikare.

Ubushakashatsi bwiwe bwaje gukoreshwa na Amerika mu ntambara yayo ya Vietnam hagati y'imyaka ya 1962 na 1971.

Muri iyi ntambara ya Vietnam - kuva mu 1955 gushika mu 1975 - abandi bahinga bakoreye ku bushakashatsi bwiwe bahingura ubumara bwa Agent Orange, ubumara bukomeye buhonya ibimera, bwakoreshejwe mu gutikiza amashamba n'imirima vyari gukoreshwa n'inyeshamba za Vietnam, zari zizwi nka Vietcong, mu kwinyegeza.

Kuva mu 1962 gushika mu 1970, abasirikare ba Amerika bahinguye utugunguru twababa imiriyoni 20 z'ubu bumara mu ntumbero yo guhonya amashamba n'ibitegrwa kugira ngo izo nyeshamba zibure aho zinyegeza.

Galston yarababajwe cane n'ibi, mbere aguma agabisha abategetsi b'isi ku ngaruka mbi Agent Orange yariko iragira ku bidukikije. Yaciye avuga ko ubu bumara ari akaga kuri kiremwamuntu.

Kimwe mu bigizie Agent Orange ni umwuka wa dioxin ushobora kuguma mu kirere imyaka mirongo, ukonona ikirere. Zimwe mu ngaruka ugira n'ugutera kanseri, ugatuma inzoya zikiri mu nda zandura ubumuga, ugatera ubugumba ukongera ukonona ubwonko.

Akamo katewe na Galston n'abandi bahinga katumye Perezida Richard Nixon, ategeka ko hakorwa amatohoza, maze aca ategeka ko ubu bumara budasubira gukoreshwa.

Mu nyuma uyu muhinga, mu buryo bwo kwicuza yavuze ko ikoreshwa rya Agent Orange "ari ugukoresha nabi siyanse".

Yongeyeko ati: "Siyanse igamije kuzamura imibereho ya kiremwamuntu, ntabwo ari kuyigabanya, kandi kuyikoresha nk'ikirwanisho ca gisirikare ntavyo jewe nari nshigikiye".

3. Mikhail Kalashnikov, uwatanguye gukora inkoho ya Kalashnikov izwi nka AK-47:

Uyu niwe yahinguye imwe mu nkoho zikoreshwa cane kw'isi: inkoho ya Kalashnikov izwi nka AK-47 irekura amasasu menshi.

Mu 1947, uyu murusiya Mikhail Kalashnikov yahinguye iyi nkoho isanzwe yoroshe gukoresha, kandi yizewe cane, yagiye gukoreshwa cane n'ibisirikare vy'aba Soviyeti n'Uburusiya, hamwe n'ibindi bihugu bitari bike.

N'ubwo Mikhail Kalashnikov aticujije cane rwose mu buzima bwiwe ku kirwanisho rutikizabantu yari yahinguye, imbere y'uko apfa yumvikanye avuga ati: "Umutima wanje wuzuye umubabaro".

Mw'ikete yandikiye umukuru w'ishengero rya Orthodox yasengeramwo (ikete ryahavuye rishika mu minwe y'ibinyamakuru vy'Uburusiya hasigaye ukwezi ngo apfe), yavuze ko yumva ko ari we abazwa imiriyoni n'imiriyoni z'abantu batikijwe n'iyi nkoho yiwe.

"Umubabaro mfise ku mutima uragoye kwihanganira. Hari ikibazo kimwe nama nibaza nkabura inyishu. Niba inkoho yanje yambuye abantu ubuzima, ubwo ntibishoboka ko jewe ... umukristu wa Orthodox, ari jewe nyirabayazana y'izi mpfu zose?"

Yanditse ati: "Igihe cose nabandanije mbaho, niko iki kibazo canguma mu mutwe nkama nibaza igituma Imana yaretse umuntu akinjirwamwo n'ibi vyipfuzo vy'ishari, ukwikunda n'ubugizi bwa nabi".

4. Alfred Nobel n'igisasu ca dynamite:

Inyuma yo kuvukira mu muryango w'abahinga b'incabwenge, Nobel yakoranye na se wiwe mu guhingura ibiturika. Ariko mu mwaka wa 1864, niho yibonera ibintu vyamuteye ubwoba, aho mutoyi wiwe w'umuhungu n'abandi bantu bane bapfuye bahitanywe n'igiturika ca nitroglycerin.

Haciye imyaka ibiri, ni ukuvuga mu 1866, Nobel yiyumviriye ingene yokora uburyo bwo gukoresha nitroglycerin itarinze guteza ingorane, ariho yaca ayifata akayicanga n'ibindi bintu biyigabanya ubukari, ari naho yaca ahingura dynamite.

Iki gikoresho gishasha caratungishije cane nyene kugitanguza mbere kinamugira icamamare...ariko kandi cateje ubwicanyi kuko nta gihe kinini cahaciye gica gitangura gukoreshwa mu vya gisirikare.

Yaciye itangura gukoreshwa nk'ikirwanisho maze gihitana ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'abantu.

Nobel yapfuye ku wa 10 z'ukwa cumi na kabiri muhira iwe i San Remo mu Butaliyano, yicuza ku vyo yari yatoye, anasiga yanditse ubutumwa bwashingiweko mu gutanguza agashimwe gakomeye gusumba ubundi bwose kw'isi.