Ethiopia – Tigray: Imvo n'Imvano ku ntambara hagati y'ingabo za reta n'inyeshamba (ikiganiro gisubiwemo)

Mwaramukanye amahoro mwese muteze amatwi Imvo n'Imvano yo kuri uyu wa gatandatu tariki 2 z'ukwa 10 mu 2021. Uyu munsi turabasubiriramo ikiganiro twabagejejeho ku itariki 18 z'ukwezi gushize, ikiganiro cyavugaga ku ntambara ibera muri Ethiopia. Ni ikiganiro mwateguriwe na Cyriaque Muhawenayo.

Muri iki kiganiro c'uyu musi tuganira ku kibazo catangaje amakungu, mu gihe isi yose yarimaze guha amanota menshi umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed, akanahabwa mbere n'agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel, kubera ivyo yaramaze guhindura mu gihugu ciwe.

Iyo nkuru nziza ntiyamaze kabiri, mu mpera z'umwaka uheze, ico gihugu cadutsemo intambara irabica biracika hagati ya reta ya Ethiopia n'abagwanyi bo mu ntara ya Tigray (Tigré). Biragoye kumenya ivyerekeye iyo ntambara kuko abayirimwo nta n'umwe yipfuza uwuhonyozayo ikirenge cane cane amashirahamwe yigenga canke abamenyeshamakuru.

Intara ya Tigray iri mu buraruko bwa Ethiopia, ihana urubibe n'ibihugu vya Sudani na Eritrea, ikaba ibamwo abantu barenga imiliyoni zitanu kuri miliyoni zirenga 118 ziri muri Ethiopia.

Imigenderanire hagati ya reta ya Ethiopia n'abategetsi b'intara ya Tigray yatanguye gutituka mu 2018 umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy Ahmed ashikiriye ubutegetsi.

Ico gihe uwo mutegetsi ava mu bwoko bw'aba Oromo, ari bo benshi muri Ethiopia, yashatse gukoraniriza hamwe amoko akomakomeye yo muri ico gihugu mu mugambwe wiwe no mu butegetsi, abanye Tigray bahurikiye mu mugambwe wa TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front) bagize ibice 6% mu gihugu baranka, bemera kuja mu batavuga rumwe na reta, bavuga y'uko batahawe ibibanza bikwiye.

Umuhari w'abanye Tigray TPLF waragize uruhara runini mu ntambara yo kugwanya ubutegetsi bw'intwaro ya gisirikare mfatakibanza y'umukazo y'aba socialiste mu 1975. Mu 1991, uwo muhari waratsinze amatora uri mu runani rwa EPRDF (Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front). Kuva ico gihe wafashe ubutegetsi gushika mu 2018.

Mu 2020, abo banye Tigray bahurikiye mu mugambwe wa TPLF baciye batangura gushaka kwiyonkora kuri Ethiopia igihe reta yafata ingingo yo kwungururiza ku rindi sango amatora yari ategekanijwe muri uyo mwaka, kubera ikiza ca Covid-19, amatora uwo muhari wo watunganije muri Tigray ugirako urayatsinda. Mu kubahana, reta yaciye igabanya cane amahera agenewe iyo ntara.

Ibintu vyagiye kunyuka itariki 4 z'ukwezi kwa cumi na rimwe aho uwo muhari wa TPLF watera ikambi y'igisirikare ca reta i Mekelle utwara ibigwanisho n'ibindi bikoresho.

Abategetsi ba Ethiopia baciye batangaza ko Tigray igengwa n'amategeko y'intambara banamenyesha ko batacemera ubutegetsi bw'iyo ntara, ari na ko bagiriyeko bagira ibitero kuri uwo muhari.

Italiki 21 z'ukwezi kwa cumi na rimwe, Ethiopia yategetse abagwanyi ba TPLF gushira ibigwanisho hasi kandi bahite bava i Mekelle ku mugwa mukuru w'iyo ntara, hari hazungurutswe n'ingabo za reta.

Inyuma y'imisi itanu, umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy Ahmed yamenyesheje ko hagira habe igitero ca nyuma simusiga ku bagwanyi ba TPLF.

Iyo ntambara imaze guhitana abantu bataramenyekana igitigiri, n'abandi ONU/UN ivuga ko bahunze boba bashika 200.000. Iryo shirahamwe kandi rivuga ko rikeneye imiliyoni 200 z'amadorari yo gufasha vyihuta abasinzikajwe n'iyo ntambara.

Ariko n'izo mfashanyo ntizoroshe gushikana muri ako karere. Amerika n'Umuryango w'ubumwe bwa Buraya (EU/UE) barahamagariye impande zose kuja mu biganiro ariko reta ya Ethiopia iranana, ahubwo ihitamwo gushira umuhari wa TPLF ku rutonde rw'abitwaza iterabwoba. Abiy Ahmed anahamagarira amakungu kutisuka mu biraba igihugu ciwe.

Mu mpera z'umwaka uheze, ishirahamwe ry'ubumwe bwa Afrika (AU/UA) ryararungitse intumwa zigizwe n'abahoze ari abakuru b'ibihugu Joaquim Chissano, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf na Kgalema Motlanthe, ariko ntaco bashitseko.

Mu nyuma hagenywe Olusegun Obasanjo yahoze arongoye Nigeria ngo abe umuhuza, ariko umuhari wa TPLF uramwiyamiriza ko ahengamye.

Reta yari yatangaje agahengwe ariko mu nyuma isugerejwe ihamagarira abanyagihugu bose guhaguruka ngo bagwanye uwo muhari.

Umuhari wa TPLF warivyukiranije muri iyo ntambara impande zose zagirizwa ivyaha vyo mu ntambara, urigarurira umugwa mukuru Mekelle, uranigarurira n'ibice bimwe bimwe mu zindi ntara bihana urubibe za Amhara na Afar bagiriza gufasha reta ya Ethiopia muri iyo ntambara.

None iyo ntambara izorangira gute? Ko Tigray ishaka kwiyonkora kuri Ethiopia, ntibizoteba bigashoboka? Hazotinda haba ibiganiro bihuza izo mpande zose zishamiranye? Amashirahamwe ya UA na ONU ariko aravyifatamwo gute?

Ivyo ni bimwe mu bibazo tugiye kuronderera inyishu hamwe muri kino kiganiro.

Muri kino kiganiro tugiye kuba hamwe na Padiri Désiré Yamuremye, umusesenguzi akaba ari i Bujumbura mu Burundi.

Turi kumwe kandi na Kangolo Jacques asanzwe aba ku mugwa mukuru wa Ethiopia, Addis-Abeba.

Turi kumwe kandi na Ismael Buchanan, umwigisha kuri kaminuza mu Rwanda, akaba ari n'icegera c'uwurongoye ishirahamwe riharanira iterambere ry'Abanyafrika mu Rwanda.