Central African Republic: Ahantu ho kutagera no kwivanga kw'Abarusiya

Mu gihe ingabo za leta zifashijwe n'Abarusiya ziri gufata ibice bisigaye mu gihugu, ikibazo cya mines kiri kwiyongera muri Centrafrique kandi kiraganisha ku mayeri ateye inkeke y'intambara nshya ya guerrilla.

Mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi, umurongo w'imodoka zagendaga mu gace k'amajyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba zakandagiye ikintu giturika, hapfuye umukozi wo mu muryango ufasha wa Danish Refugee Council.

Ibi bintu biturika bishobora kwica cyangwa gukomeretsa bikomeye cyane, bituma imfashanyo n'abakora iperereza ku burenganzira bwa muntu hari aho batagera - bigatuma hari imiryango ibaho mu kaga.

Christine Caldera wo mu kigo Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect ati: "Imirwano iri kuba bucece", yongeraho ko ari abasivili bari kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gukoresha ibiturika bitegwa.

Ibyaha bikabije byakozwe

Mu gihe amahoro macye yaranzwe muri iki gihugu mu myaka myinshi ishize, ubu buryo bushya bw'imirwano buhera mu 2013 aho ihuriro ry'imitwe y'inyeshyamba ryafashe ubutegetsi, bigatera ukwihorera kw'indi mitwe yari ishyigikiye ubutegetsi bwahiritswe ahakozwe ibyaha bikomeye ku baturage.

Abarwanyi b'Abarusiya binjiye muri iki gihugu mu 2017 bagamije kwagura ijambo ryabo kuri uyu mugabane - batangira gufasha leta yari igiyeho i Bangui, bayiha intwaro n'amasasu n'abatanga amahugurwa ya gisirikare 175.

Hari ibihamya ko abo bitwa abahugura ibya gisirikare barimo abacanshuro bo muri Wagner Group, kompanyi yigenga ya gisirikare yarwanye muri Ukraine, Syria, na Libya - nubwo leta zombi zibihakana.

Inyeshyamba muri Centrafrique - zirimo Return, Reclamation, Rehabilitation (3R) - ziganjemo abava mu bayisilamu ari nabo ba nyamucye basigajwe inyuma igihe kinini.

Mbere y'amatora yo mu kwezi kwa 12 gushize, 3R yisunze ihuriro ry'indi mitwe y'inyeshyamba, batuma amasezerano y'amahoro yari yagezweho mu 2019 atembagara.

Bafashijwe n'ingabo z'Abarusiya n'Abanyarwanda, ingabo za leta zabashije gusubiza inyuma izo nyeshyamba, zifata imijyi n'uduce twagenzurwaga n'inyeshyamba mu myaka myinshi.

Ariko raporo ya vuba aha ya ONU, ivuga ko Abarusiya bakoze ibyaha bijya kungana n'iby'inyeshyamba mu mwaka ushize, kuva ku gushimuta abantu, gufata ku ngufu, iyicarubozo n'ubwicanyi.

Isoko magendu rya mine

Aya makimbirane ubu ari kurangwamo za mines n'indi mitego y'ibiturika, bigenda byiyongera muri ako karere, cyane cyane mu majyaruguru ya Nigeria, mu kibaya cy'ikiyaga cya Chad no muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.

Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu 2020 nibwo bwa mbere bizwi ko zakoreshejwe muri Centrafrique ubwo ingabo zifashijwe n'iza ONU zarwanaga na 3R, yahise itangira gukoresha izi ntwaro mu buryo bwo gushaka kugumana agace yari ifite.

Muri izo ntwaro zimwe mu zikoreshwa ni anti-tank mine zizwi nka PRB-M3, ibiturika bifite ingufu nyinshi byakorewe mu Bubiligi mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980.

Inzobere mu ntwaro zivuga ko izi mine zivanwa mu buryo bwa magendu mu buhuniko bwazo muri Libya cyangwa muri Chad na Sudan aho zigikoreshwa zikagera ku isoko muri Centrafrique.

David Lochhead, umushakashatsi muri Small Arms Survey, avuga ko inyeshyamba muri Centrafrique zisa n'iziri kwigana abarwanyi ba jihad bo muri Mali barwanisha za mines n'ibindi biturika bakorera mu ngo bigakora ibintu bishwanyaguza imodoka y'umutamenwa.

Ati: "Ni uburyo buteye ubwoba. Igiturika nk'icyo gishobora gutwara $35 (35,000Frw) kugikora ariko kigashwanyuza imodoka y'umutamenwa igura $500,000."

Nyuma y'uko ingabo za UN zihagaritse ibitero bya 3R, hakurikiyeho ibikorwa bya za mines kugeza ubwo muri uyu mwaka izo nyeshyamba zivanywe mu mujyi n'uduce zari zigaruriye.

Hagati y'ukwezi kwa mbere n'ukwa munani, ibiturika byishe abasivile 14, barimo umugore utwite n'abana babiri, bikomeretsa 21 barimo ingabo ziri mu butumwa bwo kugarura amahoro, nk'uko UN ibivuga.

Rosaria Bruno wo mu kigo OCHA cya UN ati: "Kugera hamwe na hamwe muri iki gihugu ni ibintu bigoye cyane - uduce tw'imirwano duhora twimuka, ibikorwa remezo bicye, none ubu ni igihe cy'imvura. Ariko ibiturika bitezwe ubu ni igishya mu kibazo gisanzwe."

Ingaruka ku baturage ni icyago. Mines zitegwa ku mihanda no hafi y'amashuri zigatuma abaturage batagerwaho n'irondo ry'ingabo za UN cyangwa imfashanyo, bigatuma abaturage bava mu byabo. Abarenga miliyoni 1.4 ubu bavuye mu byabo mu gihugu - umubare munini mu myaka itanu ishize.

Urugero, abantu bagera ku 100,000 bahunze agace ka Nana-Mambéré nyuma y'uko igisasu gituritse mu kwa gatanu, ako gace n'ubu si nyabagendwa kubera ubwoba bw'ibiturika.

Imfashanyo zimwe zitwarwa na kajugujugu, zirimo toni 1.5 z'imiti, ibikoresho by'isuku n'ibiribwa ku baturage. Ariko ibikorwa nk'ibyo birahenze kandi ntibihoraho mu butabazi bw'ibanze aho umugambi w'ubutabazi ufite ubukene bwa miliyoni $190 - hejuru ya 40% y'ingengo y'imari ikenewe.

Ibirego ku ngabo za ONU

Ingaruka zigera kandi ku ngabo 15,000 za MINUSCA zimaze kuregwa ibyaha byinshi bishingiye ku gitsina.

Izi ngabo z'ibihugu bitandukanye zigera ku 15,000 zagiye ziregwa ibyaha bindi binyuranye, mu gihe ubutumwa bwazo bwanatambamiwe n'ibyo biturika bitegwa hamwe n'abarwanyi b'Abarusiya nabo bahari.

Mu kwezi gushize izo ngabo zavuzweho ibihuha ko ziha inyeshyamba za mines, mu gihe kandi zariho zohereza abasirikare bo gutegura ibyo biturika.

Umuvugizi wa MINUSCA Maj Ibrahim Atikou Amadou yagize ati: "MINUSCA nta na rimwe yigeze ikoresha mines". Yongeraho ko ibikorwa byo gutegura ibisasu bibangamirwa n'ibihuha bibashinja kubikwiza.

Ngo bisa naho gutega za mine bishobora kuba atari igikorwa cy'inyeshyamba gusa.

Raporo ya ONU yo mu kwa gatandatu yahishuye ko ingabo za leta hari abaturage zaburiye mu duce tubiri dutandukanye ko abarwanyi b'Abarusiya bateze mine ku muhanda no hafi y'ikiraro.

Hari abandi bavuga ko ibyo atari ukuri ko ahubwo ibyo bihuha byakwiriye hagamijwe guca intege inyeshyamba ngo ntizigabe ibitero.

Hatarebwe niba izo mine koko zari zihari, ubwoba zateye bwo ni ukuri, byabujije benshi kujya guhinga n'abana kujya ku mashuri, nk'uko raporo ya ONU ibivuga.

Centrafrique n'Uburusiya bihakana ko ingabo zabo zahonyoye uburenganzira bwa muntu cyangwa zikoresha mine cyangwa ibindi biturika.

Mu gihe 3R ariyo ishinjwa cyane cyane gutega za mines, nayo irabihakana, ikabishinja Abarusiya.

Mu myaka irenga 20 ishize, amasezerano y'isi yabujije ikoreshwa rya za mines zitegwa abantu, nubwo Uburusiya butasinye ayo masezerano kandi mines zigamije guturitsa imodoka zitarebwa n'ayo masezerano.

'Nta gisubizo cya gisirikare'

Inzobere ziburira ko nubwo ubu hari agahenge no kwigizayo inyeshyamba, ingabo za leta zitatsinze burundu, ahubwo zigije kure inyeshyamba zigahita zitangira intambara ya guerrilla.

Ikindi ko leta itakemuye igitera mbere na mbere kubaho kw'izo nyeshyamba - guheza inyuma no kugirira nabi abaturage b'Abasilamu.

Madamazela Caldera ati: "Biraboneka neza ko nta gisubizo cya gisirikare cyava muri aya makimbirane.

"Mu gihe ingabo ziri kwisubiza ibice by'igihugu, ziranatera icyoba muri rubanda bityo ntihagaruke amahoro."

Muri iki cyumweru, Perezida Faustin-Archange Touadéra yanenze abamugayira gukorana n'Uburusiya, anavuga ko afunguye amarembo ku biganiro n'inyeshyamba, ati: "Ntabwo nahisemo iyi ntambara".

Jack Losh ni umunyamakuru, umufotozi n'ukora filimi cyane cyane ku ntambara, kurengera ibidukikije, ubutabazi n'amakimbirane muri Centrafrique.