Valentina Tereshkova: Umugore wa mbere wagiye mu isanzure ubu hashize imyaka 58

Tariki 16/06/1963 Umurusiya Valentina Tereshkova yabaye umugore wa mbere ugiye mu isanzure. Yazengurutse inzira (orbits) 48 ziri mu gice cy'isanzure cyegereye isi mu rugendo yamazemo hafi iminsi itatu.

Ubwo icyogajuru Vostok-6 yari atwaye cyahagurukaga ku isi yateye akamo ati: "Yewe ikirere, nkurira ingofero, ndaje!"

Yabaye intangiriro yo kujya mu isanzure ku bandi bagore bo mu gihugu cye n'ahandi ku isi, nubwo byafashe igihe kugira ngo Uburusiya bwongere kohereza undi mugore mu isanzure, ibintu byatumye yigaragambya.

Mu myaka hafi 60 ishize kuva Tereshkov agiye mu isanzure, abandi bagore barenga 60 bateye ikirenge mu cye nabo bajyayo. Kugeza ubu ariko ugereranyije n'abagabo abagore bagize 10% by'abantu bajyayo.

Mu 2015 Tereshkova yahishuye ko abategetsi b'Abasoviyeti bibazaga ko "biteye akaga cyane" kohereza abandi bagore mu isanzure.

Yabwiye BBC ko ibyo byatumye yigaragambya, yandikira ibaruwa ishyaka rya gikomunisti, byafashe imyaka 19 nyuma ye kugira ngo Abarusiya bohereze undi mugore mu isanzure, ari nawe wabaye uwa kabiri.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Ku isi, abagabo n'abagore bafata inshingano zigoye kimwe. Kuki tutafata izo nshingano zimwe no mu isanzure?

Gusa amateka yerekana ko ntacyo byatanze. URSS yohereje undi mugore, Svetlana Savitskaya, mu isanzure mu 1982 hashize imyaka 19 Tereshkova avuyeyo.

Hari amakuru avugwa ko Svetlana yoherejwe kuko URSS yari yumvise ko Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika nazo zigiye kohereza mu isanzure umugore wa mbere - Sally Ride wagiyeyo mu 1983.

Kohereza Valentina Tereshkova byabaye igitego kuri Nikita Khrushchev mu kwerekana ko ubutegtsi bwa URSS buha uburenganzira bungana abagore n'abagabo.

Ari mu isanzure, Tereshkova yavuganye inyumvankumve na Khrushchev, amubwira ko "'systems' zose ziri gukora neza" kandi nawe yumva ameze "neza cyane".

Khrushchev yaramusubije ati: "Valentina, ndishimye cyane kandi ntewe ishema no kuba umukobwa wo mu bumwe bw'Abasoviyeti ari umugore wa mbere ugiye mu isanzure atwaye igikoresho nk'icyo kigezweho."

Valentina yari afite imyaka 26, yabaye kandi umugore wa mbere ukiri muto wageze mu isanzure.

Icyo gihe gusiganwa mu by'isanzure hagati ya URSS na Amerika byari bigeze hejuru. Buri gihugu cyari kimaze kohereza abantu batandatu mu isanzure mu kwereka isi ubuhangange bwacyo.

Kohereza umugore wa mbere, byari isumbwe n'igitego URSS yinjije mucyeba Amerika.

Tereshkova ni muntu ki?

Mbere yo gutoranywa ngo ajye muri programu y'isanzure y'Abasoviyeti, yari umukozi mu ruganda rw'ubudozi n'umuntu wikundira gisimbuka mu kirere mu mitaka.

Yinjiye mu gisirikare mu ngabo zirwanira mu kirere, ahugurwa muri bagize itsinda ry'aba-cosmonauts mbere yo kujya mu isanzure.

Avuyeyo yakomeje kwiga, aba enjeniyeri mu by'isanzure n'umwalimu wabyo, ariko ntiyongeye gusubirayo. Yavuye mu ngabo zirwanira mu kirere mu 1997 ageze ku ipeti rya jenerali majoro.

Hashize amezi avuye mu isanzure, yashakanye na Andriyan Nikolayev umusirikare mugenzi we bakoranaga muri programu y'isanzure y'Abasoviyeti.

Ibinyamakuru muri URSS byavuze ko gushyingirwa kwabo kwari gushyigikiwe n'abanyapolitiki n'abahanga muri siyansi, ndetse Nikita Khrushchev ubwe yari umushyitsi mukuru mu bukwe bwabo.

Tereshkova na Nikolayev baje gutandukana mu 1982 bafitanye umwana umwe, Elena Andrianovna, umuntu wa mbere wabyawe n'umugore n'umugabo bombi bagiye mu isanzure.

Nyuma Tereshkova yinjiye muri politiki mu myanya itandukanye, na nyuma yo gusenyuka kwa leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Ubu ku myaka 84 ni umudepite mu nteko y'Uburusiya.

Mu 2015 yatanze ubutumwa ku bagore bashaka gutera ikirenge mucye, aho yagize ati: "Kora cyane uzahagera..."