Reggae: Ivyo kumenya kuri The Wailers ubwo uwanyuma muri bo yashengeye

Bunny Wailer niwe yari aramvye cane mu bo bashinze hamwe umugwi The Wailers, abandi babiri, Bob Marley na Peter Tosh barapfuye, uwa mbere muri 1981 ahitanywe na cancer ku myaka 36, uwa kabiri mu 1987 agandaguwe n'abasuma ku myaka 43.

Bunny Wailer w'i Kingston, yakuranye na Bob Marley. Bafatanije bararimvye indirimbo zabaye rurangiranwa mu makungu nka Simmer Down na Stir Up, imbere y'uko Wailer afata inzira yo kuririmba ukwa wenyene mu 1974.

Ntiyahagaritse gutera imbere kuko yararonse incuro zitatu zose agashinmwe gakomeye cane mu muziki Grammys aranambikwa ikidari ca Jamaica ca Ordre de Merite mu 2017.

Yapfuye ku wa kabiri mu gitondo, ariko icateye urupfu rwiwe nticamenyekanye n'ubwo yari mu bitaro kuva agize AVC mu kwezi kw'indwi mu 2020.

Nta nkeka, abashimagiza uwo muririmvyi bashwaye imbuga hwaniro bakimenya urupfu rwiwe, abanyamuziki nkawe nabo bavuga ko yari "harabaye".

Umuririmvyi azwi mu gutamba cane aririmba Shaggy yanditse kuri Facebook ati: "Iki ni kimwe mu bihe bibi muri kahise k'akaranga kacu. Waduteye kwishima mwami. Ruhuka neza."

"Oh yemwe, Imana ihezagire Bunny Wailer," uwo nawe n'uwo muri Redd Hot Chili Peppers avuza guitare bass, Flea.

Andrew Holness ministre wa mbere wa Jamaica ntiyatanzwe mu gushimagiza uwo muririmvyi, yavuze ko urupfu rwiwe ari "agahombo kanini kuri Jamaica na reggae".

Bunny Wailer izina ryiwe ry'ukuri ryari Neville O'Riley Livingston.

Yari yavutse ku wa 20/4/1947, amara imyaka yiwe ya mbere mu kigwati ca Nine Miles aho yarezwe na se Thaddeus yacuruza imangazini y'ivyo kurya.

Aho niho yahuriye ubwa mbere na Bob Marley, ivyo bitambambuga badatevye baca baba abagenzi bakomeye, bakorana umuziki wabo ubwa mbere bari kumwe kw'ishure ry'intango n'iryisumbuye rya Stepney.

Se wa Bob Marley amaze gupfa mu 1955, nyina, Cedella, yaciye abana na se wa Livingston. Abo bahungu bakuze barezwe nk'abavukana na cane cane aho cedella na Thaddeus bavyariye umukobwa, Pearl.

Bamaze kwimukira Trenchtown muri Kingston, baciye bahura na Peter Tosh baca bashinga umugwi wo kuririmbira hamwe witwa The Wailing Wailers - kuko, nk'uko Bob Marley yabivuze: "Twatanguye dusemerera."

Aho baba harangwa n'ubukene n'ubukozi bw'ikibi. Livingston mu nyuma yibutse ingene yakoze igitari ciwe ca mbere akoresheje "imigano, imirya akuye mu ntsinga z'amatara, n'igikopo kinini cavuyemwo sardines".

Ariko umuririmvyi Joe Higgs batazira "the Godfather of Reggae" (umuhagarikizi wa reggae), yaba hafi yaciye ashira abo bahungu mu kwaha kwiwe.

Abafashije, baciye banonosora umuziki wabo, bongeramwo ijwi rya Junior Braithwaite n'abaririmvi basasira Beverly Kelso na Cherry Green imbere y'uko bagabanya izina ry'umugwi wabo ugasigara witwa The Wailers.

Mu kwa 12 mu 1963, uwo mugwi wagiye muri Studio One ya Coxsone Dodd gufata amajwi y'indirimbo Simmer Down, indirimbo Bob Marley yari yanditse asaba amahoro mu ma quartiers y'abakene ya Kingston.

Iyo ndirimbo ntiyatevye gukundwa, iraduga gushika ku nomero ya mbere muri Jamaica. Baciye bayikurikiza Duppy Conqueror, imbere y'uko basohora urukurikirane rwabo rwa mbere (album) The Wailing Wailers, mu 1965.

Bidatevye mu nyuma y'aho, hari akaciyemwo mu mugwi, aho Bob Marley amariye kurongora akimukira muri Amerika, nawe Livingston akamara umwaka mu munyororo kubera gufatanwa urumogi.

Ariko barashoboye gusohora single (urukurikirane rw'indirimbo zitarenga 3) 28 hagati ya 1966 na 1970 imbere y'uko basohora album yabo ya kabiri, Soul Rebels.

Izina rikomeye mu makungu barironse imyaka itatu inyuma y'aho kuri Catch A Fire -indirimbo ya mbere bakoreye inzu yo gusohora indirimbo ya Chris Blackwell, Island Records.

Bahuye nk'icaduka

The Wailers bari bamaze igihe baremesha ibiterambo mu Bwongereza bari kumwe na Johnny Nash, mu nyuma babura amafaranga yo kuriha ama tike yo kubasubiza iwabo. Blackwell aca yemera kubaha contrat ya Island, aca abaha ingurane (avance) yo kugura ama tike n'ayo gukora album muri Jamaica.

Ariko ntibanezerejwe n'ingene indirimbo zabo zongeye guhingurwa kugira zihabwe akabirya ku bazumva mu makungu.

Ariko iyo album ntiyaguzwe cane haba mu Bowngereza canke muri Amerika naho yahavuye ifatwa nk'imwe muri rurangiranwa.

Mbere ikinyamakuru Rolling Stone Magazine ubu vuba cayigize iya 140 ku rutonde rwaco rwa albums 500 zirengeye ibihe (albums of all time) gifatiye ku ndirimbo zayo Concrete Jungle na Slave Driver.

Ikibanza ciza kw'isoko caciye gikurikira na Burnin' yo mu 1973 ku ndirimbo nka I shot the Sheriff, Small Axe hamwe na Get Up Stand Up.

Ariko niyo yabaye album ya nyuma ya The Wailers isohowe n'abatanguye uwo mugwi bari kumwe bose.

Ukutumvikana kwari kwatanguye igihe Island yagurisha indirimbo zabo kw'izina rya Bob Marley and The Waliers, hamwe n'ikirangaminsi co kuzunguruka baririmba catumye Livingston amara igihe atari kumwe n'umuryango wiwe.

Yaciye agenda mu 1973, avuga ko ubuzima bwo kuzunguruka budahuye n'ukwemera kwiwe kw'umu Rasta - avuga nko kurya indya zihinguwe hamwe no kuririmba mu bibanza bitabereye.

Mu nyuma yavuze ko kumenyekana cane ari umwansi wo kwiyumvira ibishasha.

"Umuziki uhagaze ku kugira ico ufatiyeko, iyo rero uri ahantu uri epfo na ruguru, aha na hariya, n'umuziki wawe niko uzokwumvikana," niko Livingston yabwiye The Los Angeles Times mu 1986.

"Abantu baratwarwa no kuba rurangiranwa kandi ivyo bitandukanye no kuba umwanditsi, umunyamuziki, uwufasha abandi gutunganya umuziki wabo n'uwushira umuziki mu buhinga mwiza."

Amaze kuva muri uwo mugwi, yaciye atangura gukora kuri album ya wenyene , Blackheart Man, yarimwo indirimbo zizwi nka Dreamland na Fighting Against Conviction, yiyumviriye igihe yari mw'ibohero.

Yabandanije asohora album zakunzwe cane harimwo Rock 'n' Groove yo mu 1981 na Bunny Wailer Sings The Wailers yo mu 1980, aho yasubiyemwo zimwe mu ndirimbo bari bararirimbanye n'abandi mu mugwi.

Mu myaka ya 1990 yaronse Grammy award ya album za reggae za mbere nzinza kurusha izindi incuro zitatu, aho hose akaba yagumye akomeza kandi agumya iragi rya Bob Marley na Wailers: iyo mu 1991, Time Will Tell: A Tribute to Bob Marley; iyo mu 1995, Crucial! Roots Classics; n'iyo mu 1997, A Tribute to Bob Marley's 50th Anniversary (guhimbaza imyaka 50 y'isabukuru ya Bob Marley).

"Ndanezerezwa no kumenya ko ndiko ndafasha inzira yo gushikana reggae aho igeze. Ndashimishwa no kubigiramwo uruhara'', ivyo yabibwiye Washinton Post mu 2006.