Performance analysis
There are many different ways to interpret and perform Shakespeare’s plays. Watch the videos and decide how you would perform the three scenes from Richard III.
Scenes to explore
Richard III is a play full of manipulation, murder and ghosts. In Shakespeare’s day, the stage would have been bare, the props few, and the lighting would depend upon the weather. Theatres were open air and the plays were held in daylight.
Nowadays, Shakespeare’s plays are interpreted in many different ways on stage and screen. Directors and their production teams make choices on how they want to stage the play and how the characters will deliver their lines. The decisions they make can often change how the audience think and feel about the play and the characters in it.
Let’s look at three scenes and explore the possibilities for an exciting and unforgettable performance of Richard III.
- Act 1 Scene 1 – Casting Richard
- Act 3 Scene 7 – Rehearsing Richard being offered the crown
- Act 5 Scene 3 – Staging the procession of ghosts
Act 1 Scene 1 – Casting Richard
When you read Act 1 Scene 1, how do you imagine Richard? Is he dressed in a traditional royal costume or does he wear something with a modern twist? Does his appearance really frighten dogs, or is this an exaggeration?
'Richard III' - How would you cast Richard?
PRESENTER
Richard the III really existed, but wasn’t quite as gross as
Shakespeare insisted. He’s a villain planning killing on his bother
the King but how would you show his evil cunning?
This is ‘Casting Richard!’
TITLE
RICHARD III
CASTING RICHARD
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
I, that am curtailed of this fair proportion, cheated of feature by
dissembling nature, deformed, unfinished.
PRESENTER
Wow, a classic evil Richard with a classic Richard look, and in
Shakespeare’s day, a lot of people did believe that the worse you
Looked, the nastier you were.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
Mmm, yeah you really do give me the creeps.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
So what do you do in your spare time?
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
Oh I do a lot of volunteer work for charity, help old people with
their shopping, find homes for rescue dogs that sort of thing.
And I also do parkour.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
Argh! Mmm!
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
But I’m not very good at it.
[CAPTION-CASTING RICHARD]
PRESENTER
Now this is interesting. This guy’s toned down Richard’s physical
impairment, perhaps to make it a less significant part of the
character. He also looks pretty dapper. Let’s hope he’s rotten
on the inside.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
I am determined to prove a villain and hate the idle pleasures of
these days.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
Great stuff, so do you have an agent at all?
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
I did, but I killed him and ate him.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
No agent. Good.
[CAPTION-CASTING RICHARD]
PRESENTER
Richard says that he looks so lamely and unfashionable, dogs
bark at him as he passes by. I’m not sure this is quite what he
meant.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
No!
PRESENTER
Wow! This guy’s really gone to town. Richard is hungry for
power, so the mad dictator vibe could be perfect.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
To set my brother Clarence and the King in deadly hate, the one
against the other.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
Thanks for that. So what made you decide to audition today?
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
Well since those pesky rebels toppled my Government, I’m
ashamed to say I’ve been a little bit bored.
WOMAN IN PATTERNED TOP
Right.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
God I’d kill for a coffee.
[CAPTION-CASTING RICHARD]
In this video a group of actors are auditioning to play the part of Richard. As you watch, consider the following:
- how the audience would react to these different interpretations of Richard
- how to portray Richard’s physical impairment
- how Richard would interact with other characters in the play
Act 3 Scene 7 – Rehearsing Richard being offered the crown
In this scene, Buckingham sets up a propaganda sideshow to get the public and the Lord Mayor behind Richard. Richard pretends that he is too busy praying to discuss the possibility of being crowned king in place of his nephew. Should the joke be apparent between Buckingham and Richard? Do the bishops look scared? Is the Mayor frightened witless or totally gullible?
'Richard III' - How would you rehearse the scene where Richard is offered the crown?
TITLE
RICHARD III
THE REHEARSALS
NARRATOR
Welcome to rehearsals for Richard III.
[CAPTION-ACT 3, SCENE 7]
NARRATOR
Now we know [CAPTION-SIR WILLIAM CATESBY] wicked Richard really wanted [CAPTION- THE LORD MAYOR] be the king, but remember this is the scene [CAPTIONTHE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM] where he makes Buckingham do all the hard work while he plays a God-fearing goodie two-shoes. [CAPTION- CHLOE ]
NARRATOR
He’s got a small crown, but it’s the big crown he’s after. The question is; how convincing
should this performance be? Only the DIRECTOR can decide.
ACTOR PORTRAYING THE LORD MAYOR
See how he stands between two clergymen?
ACTOR PORTRAYING THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
Two props of virtue for a Christian Prince.
CHLOE
Er tres amaze, I heard Richard was a right nasty bit of work, but he was praying and
everything, and he’s got that bad leg bless him.
DIRECTOR
Okay yeah, that, that was good, it might be a bit too convincing so… [CAPTION DIRECTOR]
CHLOE
Yeah so that weird bloke comes over, Derek Tour, I think his name was, anyway he said
something to Richard and then, well…
ACTOR PORTRAYING THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM
Refuse not Mighty Lord, this proffered love.
ACTOR PORTRAYING SIR RICHARD CATESBY
Oh make them joyful. Grant them their lawful suit.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
Alas why would you heap these cares on me? I am unfit for
State and Majesty
CHLOE
(LAUGHS LOUDLY)
DIRECTOR
Yeah that’s good, let’s see how far we can push it. Can you lay it
on any thicker?
CHLOE
Be-have! I don’t reckon Richard is holy at all, and there they was
giving him the top job and he’s acting like he don’t want it when I
can tell he did want it even though he didn’t want it. Everyone
was lapping it up. What a bunch of muppets. I nearly wee’d
myself laughing! No really I nearly did babes.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
I cannot nor I will not yield to you.
CHLOE
(LAUGHING LOUDLY) Joke! Joke.
DIRECTOR
Who is that? Okay never mind. Look it’s good, it’s really good,
let’s try seeing if we can add a dash of venom yeah?
CHLOE
Then, then, then I don’t know what Derek Tour
said to him, but one minute it was proper LOLs, the next it was
well scary.
ACTOR PORTRAYING RICHARD III
Your love deserves my thanks, but my desert un-meritable shuns
your high request.
CHLOE
Oh my G! Bitchy Richie or what? I knew he was a wrong ‘un.
And everyone wanted him to be King. I had to say something.
CHLOE
Oi, Derek Tour–I seen you chatting rubbish; pack it in, and you lot; I know you’re game. Oi!
Mayor, don’t trust him. I don’t think ‘e was even prayin.’
DIRECTOR
Yeah, it’s not real.
CHLOE
Says you! But there’s plenty of people who do believe.
DIRECTOR
Ah… let’s, let’s just take a break shall we?
CHLOE
Er, what happened to his limp? You faking that an’ all? What is
the matter with you people? Disgusting! I’m keeping this. I’m
keeping it, you won’t need it where you’re going.
TITLE
THE END
In this video a group of actors are rehearsing this scene and the director is trying out different ways to perform it. As you watch, consider the following:
- how the audience should feel about Richard during this scene
- how you’d make it clear who’s in on the joke
- how the other characters should react to Richard
Act 5 Scene 3 – Staging the procession of ghosts
How do you stage this scene that takes place the night before the battle of Bosworth when Richmond and Richard settle down in their respective camps? The ghosts have to quickly move between each camp, so you can’t keep switching scenes…or can you? In film, you could have a split screen. Is the same effect possible on stage? Could you build up the set in some way to show that there is space and distance between the two camps?
'Richard III' - How would you stage the procession of ghosts?
PRESENTER (OFF SCREEN)
Here are the Directors.
PRESENTER
12 divorces, nine lawsuits and three stints in rehab between them, these guys know what they want and they normally get it. Today they’re each looking for an innovative staging solution to the procession of ghosts scene from Richard III.
This scene requires the opposing forces of Richard and Richmond to be shown on stage simultaneously, as each leader
is visited by the same ghosts, mean whose deaths Richard had a hand in.
[CAPTION-DIRECTORS’ DEN]
PRESENTER (OFF SCREEN)
First into the Den is designer Graham.
PRESENTER
Graham is hoping his split lighting concept will give the audience
an idea of how Richard and Richmond are bearing up the night
before battle.
GRAHAM
As you may observe, the wicked Richard is haunted and restless,
almost in hell, whereas the valiant Richmond is bathed in a godly
glow.
FEMALE DIRECTOR
Nice pitch Graham. let me tell you what scares me, or rather
what doesn’t scare me about your idea. the ghosts.
GRAHAM
Yeah, I ran out of time on the ghosts.
DIRECTOR IN RED TIE
Are those your bed sheets Graham?
GRAHAM
Yes.
FEMALE DIRECTOR
Well whatever they are, they’re rubbish and for that reason, I’m out.
PRESENTER
Oh dear. These Directors want the audience to take the ghosts a
little more seriously than Graham did.
PRESENTER
Will the next designer have a more haunting idea?
GHOST
Think on the Tower and me, despair and die. Harry the Sixth bids
thee despair and die. Virtuous and holy be thou conqueror.
FEMALE DIRECTOR
Clare, your face is a bit annoying which I’m afraid is my thing, but
you’ve clearly put a lot of thought into the look of the ghost, well
done.
DIRECTOR IN RED TIE
He does look incredibly realistic.
DIRECTOR IN BLACK SUIT
I think it’ll make the audience believe these ghosts might be real,
but not me, I’m not an idiot. So how long did it take you to create
this amazing look?
CLARE
Three hours.
DIRECTOR IN BLACK SUIT
Cos we’ve got actors doubling up roles, and this guy’s playing a
different part two scenes earlier, so how does this whole three
hour thing work?
CLARE
Er, I, I don’t know.
DIRECTOR IN BLACK SUIT
I’m out.
FEMALE DIRECTOR
I’m out.
DIRECTOR IN RED TIE
Get out!
PRESENTER
Next into the Directors’ Den is Sam. She’s hoping her stylish use
of light and sound will take the Directors, and an audience, into
the heads of the sleeping rivals.
GHOST
Tomorrow in the battle think on me and fall thy edgeless sword
despair and die.
GHOST
Thou offspring of the House of Lancaster, the wronged heirs of
York do pray for thee.
DIRECTOR IN RED TIE
Hi Sam; it’s Peter. Interesting use of sound and lighting, it makes
it feel like it’s more about their nightmares rather than actual
ghosts. Powerful stuff.
SAM
Thank you.
SLEEPING ACTOR
(Snoring)
ACTOR
Alright for some.
In this video a group of stage designers are pitching ideas on how to stage this scene. As you watch, consider the following:
- how much the staging idea would cost
- how long it would take to set up during a live production
- how the audience would react
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