Word orderThe time, manner, place rule - TMP

German word order can seem complicated, but there are set rules. If you learn the rules and follow them, your German will be much more accurate.

Part ofGermanGrammar (for exams until 2025)

The time, manner, place rule - TMP

When several are used in the same sentence in German, the sentence becomes more complex and they must appear in this strict order:

A 3 column table labelled '1. Time, when, how often', '2. Manner, how, who you were with', '2. Place, where, where to'.

German sentences will often seem a bit different from how we would say things in English. In English, for example, we tend to put the place before the time, but in German the time always goes before the place.

Look at the following English sentences:

  • I go to school by bus at 08:00.
  • I play with my dog in the park every day.

Now look at the difference in word order when the sentences are translated to German. You can see how they follow the time, manner, place (TMP) rule.

The same 3 column table with an added column and 2 new rows, the rows are labelled 'ich fahre' and 'ich 'spiele'.

If there are two adverbial phrases from the same group in a sentence, they follow the same order as in English, eg:

zweimal – twice

die Woche – week

so:

zweimal die Woche - twice a week

jeden Tag um acht Uhr – every day at 08:00

The verb (main or auxiliary) is still the second idea.

Past participles and infinitives go to the end.

  • Wir werden am Dienstag (1) schnell (2) in die Stadt (3) gehen. - We'll quickly go into town on Tuesday.
  • Sie kann immer (1) sehr gut (2) singen. - She can always sing well. (No adverb of place in this sentence).
  • Ich lese jeden Tag (1) eine halbe Stunde (2) im Bett. (3) - I read in bed for half an hour every day. (No adverb of manner).

Question

Can you identify the time, manner and place phrases in these sentences?

  • Wir sehen abends nicht gern Horrorfilme.
  • Ich war meistens samstags mit Freunden im Einkaufszentrum.
  • Du kannst morgen hoffentlich bei mir übernachten.
  • Sie sind letztes Jahr mit uns nach Irland gefahren.

Question

Place the TMP adverbs in the right place in the sentence.

  • Ich frühstücke draußen. (mit meiner Familie; manchmal)
  • Sie wird als Sprachassistentin arbeiten. (in Graz; nächstes Jahr)
  • Wir spielen Doppelkopf. (einmal im Monat; mit Freunden; normalerweise)
  • Er kann nicht kommen. (zur Arbeit; heute; leider)

Did you know?

At Easter time, especially in Germany and Austria, people decorate trees in the garden by hanging painted or plastic eggs on them. Eggs, the ancient symbol of life, are also hung on branches indoors.

On Easter Sunday – Ostersonntag – children will go into the garden to hunt eggs left by the Easter bunny – der Osterhase. Shops also sell Easter wreaths, similar to Christmas wreaths, to hang on doors. The German word for an Easter wreath is ein Osterkranz.

Some colourful easter eggs hanging from branches
Image caption,
Painted eggs are often seen hanging on trees in parks and gardens in Germany over Easter