The noble gases
The vertical column of non-metal elements on the far right of the periodic table, also called the noble gases. (IUPAC group 18) is a vertical column on the far right of the A tabular representation of all known elements in order based on atomic number, eg all the noble gases are found on the right of the periodic table.. The A substance made of one type of atom only. in group 0 are Element that is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and which forms acidic oxides. called the The elements in group 0 of the periodic table, named for their lack of chemical reactivity.. They exist as single The smallest part of an element that can exist..
The noble gases show trends in their physical The characteristics of something. In chemistry, chemical properties include the reactions a substance can take part in. Physical properties include colour and boiling point..
Trends in physical properties
Boiling point
The noble gases all have low The temperature at which a substance rapidly changes from a liquid to a gas.:
- helium, at the top of group 0, has the lowest boiling point of any element
- boiling point increases going down the group
This is because, going down group 0:
- the atoms become larger
- the Weak attractive forces between molecules. When a simple molecular substance melts or boils, it is the intermolecular forces that are broken (not the covalent bonds in each molecule). become stronger
- more The capacity of a system to do work or the quantity required for mechanical work to take place. Measured in joules (J). For example, a man transfers 100 J of energy when moving a wheelbarrow. is needed to overcome these forces
Density
The A measure of compactness and the ratio of mass to volume. It is usually measured in kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m3) or grams per centimetre cubed (g/cm3). of a substance is its The amount of matter an object contains. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). per unit The volume of a three-dimensional shape is a measure of the amount of space or capacity it occupies, eg an average can of fizzy drink has a volume of 330 ml.. For example, a small piece of a substance with a high mass has a high density.
The A general term for a small piece of matter. For example, protons, neutrons, electrons, atoms, ions or molecules. in gases are widely spaced, so the noble gases have low densities:
- helium, at the top of group 0, has the lowest density in the group
- density increases going down the group
Question
Oganesson, Og, was discovered in 2002. It is placed below radon in group 0. Assuming that it is a gas at room temperature, predict its density and explain your answer.
About 16 g/cm3 because density increases going down group 0, and the difference increases from one element to the next.
Chemical properties
The noble gases are all Unreactive. - they are extremely A substance is unreactive or inert if it does not easily take part in chemical reactions.. Unlike elements in other groups, their atoms have complete outer shells. This means that atoms of the noble gases have no tendency to lose, gain, or share Subatomic particle, with a negative charge and a negligible mass relative to protons and neutrons.. When other elements react, their atoms complete their outer shells by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons.
| Element | Electron arrangement |
| Helium, He | 2 |
| Neon, Ne | 2.8 |
| Argon, Ar | 2.8.8 |
| Element | Helium, He |
|---|---|
| Electron arrangement | 2 |
| Element | Neon, Ne |
|---|---|
| Electron arrangement | 2.8 |
| Element | Argon, Ar |
|---|---|
| Electron arrangement | 2.8.8 |
The periodic table, containing all the known elements, arranged in groups and periods
