 | | | | | A1) Heart Disease | | i) The likely factors for heart disease are mainly the lifestyles we live in the developed world. We eat too much fatty food, dont exercise enough, smoke far too much and lead stressful lives. Toxic chemicals in pollution from cars and factories can also help trigger heart disease. All of these factors can put stress on the heart and lead to heart disease. Some people can also inherit a tendency to suffer from heart disease. | | | ii) Measures that can be taken to control heart disease are largely changes in lifestyle. Quitting smoking, eating healthier low fat foods and exercising more often will help reduce the strain on hearts. Reducing stress by working less hard and relaxing more can help reduce the pressures put on the heart. There are also medical options available. Heart surgery can repair damaged hearts. There are also heart transplants and drugs available to treat heart disease. Regular medical check-ups can also catch heart disease before it gets too serious. | | A2) Cancer. | | i) The major factors leading to cancers are all related to our lifestyles. Cigarettes and pollution contain toxic chemicals that can lead to cancer. There is evidence that a rich, high fat diet can lead to cancers of the bowel and stomach. There is also some research to suggest that a highly stressful life can lead to cancer by reducing the effectiveness of our immune system. Some people can inherit a higher risk of becoming ill from cancers from their parents. | | ii) The measures for controlling cancers are to change our lifestyles. Quitting smoking drastically reduces the risks of suffering cancer. Eating a healthy, balanced diet and exercising more can also reduce the risk of illness from cancer. There are also medical treatments available. Chemotherapy (drugs) and radiotherapy (using radiation to kill cancer cells) can be effective treatments. Surgery can also be used to remove tumours and cancerous tissue. Regular medical check-ups and screening can catch cancers before they become too advanced for treatment. | | | | |
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