Voters are going to the polls in two Westminster by-elections.
New MPs for Witney, in Oxfordshire, and Batley and Spen, in West Yorkshire, will be chosen on Thursday.
Former Prime Minister David Cameron, who stood down as an MP after quitting Downing Street, is being replaced in Witney.
The by-election in Batley and Spen was prompted by the death of Labour MP Jo Cox, who was shot and stabbed in Birstall in June.
Mrs Cox won the seat with a majority of 6,057 in 2015, while in Witney, the Conservatives are defending a majority of 25,155.
Polls in both constituencies opened at 07:00 BST and will close at 22:00 BST.
The BBC weather forecast for both constituencies is largely the same, with no rain predicted and a top temperature of 13C.
Here is a full list of the candidates standing, in alphabetical order by surname:
Batley and Spen
Corbyn Anti - By Election Protest
Tracy Lynn Brabin - Labour Party
Jack Buckby - No to terrorism, yes to Britain
Richard Charles Edmonds - National Front
David Furness - British National Party Local People First
Therese Hirst - English Democrats: 'Putting England First!'
Waqas Ali Khan - Independent
Garry Mervyn Kitchin - Independent
Ankit Love - One Love Party
Henry Edmund Burke Mayhew - Independent
(The Conservatives, Green Party, Liberal Democrats and UKIP are not fielding a candidate)
Witney
Emilia Arno - One Love Party
Dickie Bird - UKIP
David Bishop - Bus-Pass Elvis Party
Robert Courts - Conservative Party
Duncan Enright - Labour Party
Mad Hatter - Official Monster Raving Loony Party
Lord Toby Jug - The Eccentric Party of Great Britain
Adam Knight - Independent
Elizabeth Leffman - Liberal Democrat
Winston McKenzie - English Democrats
Helen Salisbury - National Health Action Party
Larry Sanders - Green Party
Daniel Skidmore - Independent
Nicholas Ward - Independent
