Isi yakora iki igihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije 'heatwaves'?

Ni igihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze ububa bwitezwe ahantu mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka - nubwo uzasanga uko babyita bitandukanye aha na hariya. Ku rwego rw'isi, abantu 166,000 bishwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije hagati ya 1998 na 2017(OMS). Abashaje, abanyantege nke, abana bato, n'abakorera aka hanze nibo baba bageramiwe.

Manura thermometer ubone uko wagabanya ingaruka.

Mu gicuucu, ubutaka bushobora kuba munsi ya 15C kurusha aho izuba rikubita. Twumva duhehereye mu gacuucu kuko imirasire y'izuba ituma dushyuha. Abantu bifuza kujya ahantu hahehereye ngo umubiri ukiranuke n'ubushyuhe. Kubona igicuucu ni ingenzi.

Medellín muri Colombia yaremye "imihora y'icyatsi" ya 21km y'imihanda ikikijwe n'ibiti irimo n'inzira z'igare n'abanyamaguru. Bituma abantu bagenda kandi bacururiza ahari agacuucu.

Ni ikibazo ku buzima iyo ubushyuhe butagabanutse kugera munsi ya 20C nijoro. Bigora umubiri wacu gukira ubushyuhe uba wiriweho. Mu bihugu bimwe babyita 'tropical nights'.

Abubatsi i Delhi, umujyi wibasirwa na 'heatwaves' zikaze, bari kurebera kuri tekinike y'abubatsi bo mu kinyejana cya 16. Amadirishya ya Jaali agabanya cyane urumuri rw'izuba, ibi bikagabanya ubushyuhe mu mbere.

Ibipimo birenze 24-26C bijyana no kugabanuka k'umusaruro mu kazi. Bibi kurushaho kuri 33-34C, aho umukozi atakaza 50% y'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora, bivugwa na International Labour Organisation. Bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yose, ariko ikorwa n'ingufu hanze niyo iba iri mu kaga. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera gucika k'udutsi ibishobora guhitana umuntu.

Muri Africa, ibihugu byemeje kurengera abakozi bageramiwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije. Muri Gabon, abakoresha basabwa gutanga akaruhuko. Muri Mozambique, gucukura amabuye y'agaciro birahagarikwa iyo ubushyuhe burenze 33C. Muri Cameroun, abakorera mu nzu basabwa kugira ibyuma bitanga umuyaga.

Inzu zo mu mijyi ziba zubakishijwe ibintu nka sima, amatafari, ibirahure, ibyuma. Zigira kandi ibisenge by'umukara. Ibintu by'umukara bimira urumuri rukaba ubushyuhe bikaza gutera ibyitwa "ingaruka z'ikirwa cy'ubushyuhe". Ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywa imbere n'inyuma mu gusiga ibisenge irangi ryera. Ibyiza byabyo biracyigwaho ariko Berkeley Lab y'i California yasanze igisenge cyera gishwiragiza imirasire y'izuba kuri 80% bikagabanya ubushyuhe kuri 31C mu mugoroba umwe w'impeshyi.

I Freetown, Sierra Leone, umushinga 'Cool down Freetown' w'umuryango utegamiye kuri leta MEER uri gukwiza amabati ameze nk'indorerwamo ashwiragiza imirasire y'izuba bikagabanya za ngaruka "z'ikirwa gishyushye". Freetown ni umwe mu mijyi irimo kwihuta mu kurwanya ingaruka z'ubushyuhe mu mijyi.

Humidité igira uruhare mu buryo imibiri yacu yitwara mu bushyuhe. Tugira ubuhehere iyo tubize icyuya, ariko ibyuya bikenera gucayuka bikava ku ruhu - ibyo biragorana iyo umwuka wiganjemo utuce twinshi tw'amazi. Igipimo kitwa Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT) gihuza humidité n'ubushyuhe mu gufasha gupima ingaruka ku buzima. Ku rugero, igipimo cya WBT35 gifatwa nk'icya nyuma umuntu yakwihanganira.

Inyigo y'i East Kalimantan, Indonesia, yerekanye ko gutema amashyamba byazamuye WBGT ho 2.8C. Ibiti bihehereza ahabyegereye, bifata ingufu z'imirasire n'ubushyuhe bw'uduce tubyegereye.

Dushobora kwigira byinshi ku bantu bitwa Bedouin, bahora bimuka, bavuga Icyarabu bo mu butayu bwo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati babaye imyaka amagana mu bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo cya 38C ku munsi.

Imyambaro y'umweru cyangwa umukara y'aba Bedouin kenshi iba ikoze muri cotton. Imyambaro y'umukara imira ubushyuhe, ariko iyo itakwegereye imbere umwuka uriyongera ubushyuhe ntibugere ku ruhu. Gutwikira umutwe nabyo birinda imirasire y'izuba.

Uburyo bwo kuburirwa hakiri kare bubwira abantu kwirinda, cyane cyane ab'intege nke. Urugero mu Buhinde, bashobora kuburirwa iyo igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kirenze 45C kibonetse mu minsi ibiri ahantu habiri. Ariko 1/3 cy'isi nicyo gusa kiriho uburyo buburira abantu ubushyuhe burenze nk'uko bivugwa na World Meteorological Organization, isaba ko buri wese akwiye kuba yaburirwa bitarenze 2027.

Uburyo bwo kuburira burasanzwe muri Africa, nubwo butaba bukomeye nk'ahandi kubera ibikoresho. 60% by'abayituye ntibafite ibyo bikoresho, bivugwa na World Meteorological Organisation. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikigo cy'u Rwanda cy'iteganyigihe kiburira abaturage gukomeza kunywa amazi no kwita ku b'intege nke.

Heatwaves' ziragenda ziba kenshi, zigatinda, kandi zikaze. Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Africa byitezwe kugera kuri 50C ku manywa mu mwaka wa 2100. Ikigo cy'iteganyagihe cy'Ubuhinde kivuga ko igihe 'heatwaves' zimara cyiyongereyeho iminsi itatu mu myaka 30, kandi byitezwe ko kiziyongeraho hagati y'iminsi 12 na 18 mu myaka hagati ya 30 na 40 iri imbere.

Gusa ibihugu n'imijyi ntibyiteguye kimwe kwirinda ingaruka. OMS ivuga ko hakenewe kubakwa ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kuburira kare.

Ni igihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze ububa bwitezwe ahantu mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka - nubwo uzasanga uko babyita bitandukanye aha na hariya. Ku rwego rw'isi, abantu 166,000 bishwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije hagati ya 1998 na 2017(OMS). Abashaje, abanyantege nke, abana bato, n'abakorera aka hanze nibo baba bageramiwe.

Manura thermometer ubone uko wagabanya ingaruka.

Mu gicuucu, ubutaka bushobora kuba munsi ya 15C kurusha aho izuba rikubita. Twumva duhehereye mu gacuucu kuko imirasire y'izuba ituma dushyuha. Abantu bifuza kujya ahantu hahehereye ngo umubiri ukiranuke n'ubushyuhe. Kubona igicuucu ni ingenzi.

Abatwara ibiryo i Dubai, UAE, bahawe ahantu baruhukira, bakanywa amazi, bagacomeka telephone zabo kandi bagasuzumwa. Ni umuhate wa leta wo gushishikariza abatwara kuruhuka, cyane cyane mu cyi.

Ni ikibazo ku buzima iyo ubushyuhe butagabanutse kugera munsi ya 20C nijoro. Bigora umubiri wacu gukira ubushyuhe uba wiriweho. Mu bihugu bimwe babyita 'tropical nights'.

Imbuga, umuco mu bwubatsi bwa Maroc, zikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe mu nzu. Zifasha gutanga umuyaga, zirimo ibiti bitanga igicucu bikabuza inkuta nini gushyuha. Ibyumba kuva cyera biba biri hafi y'imbuga kandi bidafite amadirishya afungukira hanze, kugira ngo bihehere.

Ibipimo birenze 24-26C bijyana no kugabanuka k'umusaruro mu kazi. Bibi kurushaho kuri 33-34C, aho umukozi atakaza 50% y'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora, bivugwa na International Labour Organisation. Bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yose, ariko ikorwa n'ingufu hanze niyo iba iri mu kaga. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera gucika k'udutsi ibishobora guhitana umuntu.

Human Rights Watch ivuga ko abakozi b'abimukira mu bihugu byo mu kigobe cy'Abarabu baba bageramiwe mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije bwaho. Isaba ko hagabanywa amasaha y'akazi muri ibyo bihe, n'uburyo bufatika bwo kurinda abakozi.

Inzu zo mu mijyi ziba zubakishijwe ibintu nka sima, amatafari, ibirahure, ibyuma. Zigira kandi ibisenge by'umukara. Ibintu by'umukara bimira urumuri rukaba ubushyuhe bikaza gutera ibyitwa "ingaruka z'ikirwa cy'ubushyuhe". Ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywa imbere n'inyuma mu gusiga ibisenge irangi ryera. Ibyiza byabyo biracyigwaho ariko Berkeley Lab y'i California yasanze igisenge cyera gishwiragiza imirasire y'izuba kuri 80% bikagabanya ubushyuhe kuri 31C mu mugoroba umwe w'impeshyi.

Mu muhana ucucitse mu butayu bwa Thar mu Buhinde, umuryango wigenga wafashije abagore bakennye gusiga ibisenge byabo umweru ushwiragiza imirasire mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'imbere.

Humidité igira uruhare mu buryo imibiri yacu yitwara mu bushyuhe. Tugira ubuhehere iyo tubize icyuya, ariko ibyuya bikenera gucayuka bikava ku ruhu - ibyo biragorana iyo umwuka wiganjemo utuce twinshi tw'amazi. Igipimo kitwa Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT) gihuza humidité n'ubushyuhe mu gufasha gupima ingaruka ku buzima. Ku rugero, igipimo cya WBT35 gifatwa nk'icya nyuma umuntu yakwihanganira.

Amakuru y'icyogajuru arimo gufasha kubona Wet Bulb Temperature mu duce tudafite ibihagije, ngo bifashe abahanga kuhiga byisumbuyeho. Amashusho y'icyogajuru cya NASA yerekanye ko kuva mu 2005 wet bulb temperature yageze hejuru ya WBT35C mu duce twa Pakistan n'Ikigobe cya Perse.

Dushobora kwigira byinshi ku bantu bitwa Bedouin, bahora bimuka, bavuga Icyarabu bo mu butayu bwo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati babaye imyaka amagana mu bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo cya 38C ku munsi.

Amahema y'aba-Bedouin aguma ahehereye mu bushyuhe. Abayaboha bakoresha ubudodo baboha mu bwoya bw'ingamiya n'ihene. Ibi bifata ubushyuhe bikabushiragiza ntibwinjire mu ihema.

Uburyo bwo kuburirwa hakiri kare bubwira abantu kwirinda, cyane cyane ab'intege nke. Urugero mu Buhinde, bashobora kuburirwa iyo igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kirenze 45C kibonetse mu minsi ibiri ahantu habiri. Ariko 1/3 cy'isi nicyo gusa kiriho uburyo buburira abantu ubushyuhe burenze nk'uko bivugwa na World Meteorological Organization, isaba ko buri wese akwiye kuba yaburirwa bitarenze 2027.

i Ahmedabad mu Buhinde, mu 2015, ubutumwa buburira ubushyuhe bukaze bwatanzwe kuri WhatsApp, no kuri TV na radio. Wari undi muhate nyuma y'ubushyuhe bwishe abantu mu myaka itanu yari ishize. Ubuhinde na Pakistan bifite imigambi ishimwa ku buzima mu bushyuhe bukabije.

Heatwaves' ziragenda ziba kenshi, zigatinda, kandi zikaze. Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Africa byitezwe kugera kuri 50C ku manywa mu mwaka wa 2100. Ikigo cy'iteganyagihe cy'Ubuhinde kivuga ko igihe 'heatwaves' zimara cyiyongereyeho iminsi itatu mu myaka 30, kandi byitezwe ko kiziyongeraho hagati y'iminsi 12 na 18 mu myaka hagati ya 30 na 40 iri imbere.

Gusa ibihugu n'imijyi ntibyiteguye kimwe kwirinda ingaruka. OMS ivuga ko hakenewe kubakwa ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kuburira kare.

Ni igihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze ububa bwitezwe ahantu mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka - nubwo uzasanga uko babyita bitandukanye aha na hariya. Ku rwego rw'isi, abantu 166,000 bishwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije hagati ya 1998 na 2017(OMS). Abashaje, abanyantege nke, abana bato, n'abakorera aka hanze nibo baba bageramiwe.

Manura thermometer ubone uko wagabanya ingaruka.

Mu gicuucu, ubutaka bushobora kuba munsi ya 15C kurusha aho izuba rikubita. Twumva duhehereye mu gacuucu kuko imirasire y'izuba ituma dushyuha. Abantu bifuza kujya ahantu hahehereye ngo umubiri ukiranuke n'ubushyuhe. Kubona igicuucu ni ingenzi.

i Sevilla, Espagne, ibipimo kenshi bigera kuri 40C. Bashyizeho uburyo bwo gutwikira bagakora igicuucu hagati y'inzu zegeranye ziri ku murongo umwe ku mihanda muri "politike y'igicuucu"

Ni ikibazo ku buzima iyo ubushyuhe butagabanutse kugera munsi ya 20C nijoro. Bigora umubiri wacu gukira ubushyuhe uba wiriweho. Mu bihugu bimwe babyita 'tropical nights'.

Mu Bwongereza, amabwiriza mashya azasaba inzu nshya mu mijyi minini amadirishya akumira imirasire y'izuba. Ubu ni uburyo bwo 'gukora ubuhehere', bushobora kugabanya ubushyuhe imbere nijoro hadakoreshejwe ibyuma.

Ibipimo birenze 24-26C bijyana no kugabanuka k'umusaruro mu kazi. Bibi kurushaho kuri 33-34C, aho umukozi atakaza 50% y'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora, bivugwa na International Labour Organisation. Bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yose, ariko ikorwa n'ingufu hanze niyo iba iri mu kaga. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera gucika k'udutsi ibishobora guhitana umuntu.

Iyo intabaza ziburira ubushyuhe zivuze muri Africa y'Epfo, abakozi bagomba gufata ingamba nko gucana ibyuma biringaniza ubushyuhe, kubibutsa ko bagomba kunywa amazi, kubaha amahugurwa yo kwirinda, n'ay'ubutabazi bw'ibanze igihe cyo gucika k'udutsi kubera ubushuhe.

Inzu zo mu mijyi ziba zubakishijwe ibintu nka sima, amatafari, ibirahure, ibyuma. Zigira kandi ibisenge by'umukara. Ibintu by'umukara bimira urumuri rukaba ubushyuhe bikaza gutera ibyitwa "ingaruka z'ikirwa cy'ubushyuhe". Ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywa imbere n'inyuma mu gusiga ibisenge irangi ryera. Ibyiza byabyo biracyigwaho ariko Berkeley Lab y'i California yasanze igisenge cyera gishwiragiza imirasire y'izuba kuri 80% bikagabanya ubushyuhe kuri 31C mu mugoroba umwe w'impeshyi.

Umujyi wa New York wakoze meterokare miliyoni 6 z'ibisenge byera, naho Los Angeles yatangiye gusiga imihanda ya kaburimbo irangi ry'umweru werurutse.

Humidité igira uruhare mu buryo imibiri yacu yitwara mu bushyuhe. Tugira ubuhehere iyo tubize icyuya, ariko ibyuya bikenera gucayuka bikava ku ruhu - ibyo biragorana iyo umwuka wiganjemo utuce twinshi tw'amazi. Igipimo kitwa Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT) gihuza humidité n'ubushyuhe mu gufasha gupima ingaruka ku buzima. Ku rugero, igipimo cya WBT35 gifatwa nk'icya nyuma umuntu yakwihanganira.

Ibihugu bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima no kurinda ubuzima ubushyuhe bukabije. Amerika ikoresha 'heat index' ipima ikagereranya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka na 'humidity' yawo. Inzobere zishima gukoresha WBGT mu gupima ahantu.

Dushobora kwigira byinshi ku bantu bitwa Bedouin, bahora bimuka, bavuga Icyarabu bo mu butayu bwo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati babaye imyaka amagana mu bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo cya 38C ku munsi.

Imyambaro y'umweru cyangwa umukara y'aba Bedouin kenshi iba ikoze muri cotton. Imyambaro y'umukara imira ubushyuhe, ariko iyo itakwegereye imbere umwuka uriyongera ubushyuhe ntibugere ku ruhu. Gutwikira umutwe nabyo birinda imirasire y'izuba.

Uburyo bwo kuburirwa hakiri kare bubwira abantu kwirinda, cyane cyane ab'intege nke. Urugero mu Buhinde, bashobora kuburirwa iyo igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kirenze 45C kibonetse mu minsi ibiri ahantu habiri. Ariko 1/3 cy'isi nicyo gusa kiriho uburyo buburira abantu ubushyuhe burenze nk'uko bivugwa na World Meteorological Organization, isaba ko buri wese akwiye kuba yaburirwa bitarenze 2027.

Be a Buddy' ni umushinga w'i New York ufasha abakene gupimwa na serivisi zo kubarinda ingaruka zivuye ku bushyuhe bukabije.

Heatwaves' ziragenda ziba kenshi, zigatinda, kandi zikaze. Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Africa byitezwe kugera kuri 50C ku manywa mu mwaka wa 2100. Ikigo cy'iteganyagihe cy'Ubuhinde kivuga ko igihe 'heatwaves' zimara cyiyongereyeho iminsi itatu mu myaka 30, kandi byitezwe ko kiziyongeraho hagati y'iminsi 12 na 18 mu myaka hagati ya 30 na 40 iri imbere.

Gusa ibihugu n'imijyi ntibyiteguye kimwe kwirinda ingaruka. OMS ivuga ko hakenewe kubakwa ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kuburira kare.

Ni igihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze ububa bwitezwe ahantu mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka - nubwo uzasanga uko babyita bitandukanye aha na hariya. Ku rwego rw'isi, abantu 166,000 bishwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije hagati ya 1998 na 2017(OMS). Abashaje, abanyantege nke, abana bato, n'abakorera aka hanze nibo baba bageramiwe.

Manura thermometer ubone uko wagabanya ingaruka.

Mu gicuucu, ubutaka bushobora kuba munsi ya 15C kurusha aho izuba rikubita. Twumva duhehereye mu gacuucu kuko imirasire y'izuba ituma dushyuha. Abantu bifuza kujya ahantu hahehereye ngo umubiri ukiranuke n'ubushyuhe. Kubona igicuucu ni ingenzi.

i Toronto, Canada, hashyizwe ibigo bidahoraho byo gufatamo akayaga ku bantu badafite ibyuma byabugenewe. Ibi bigo biboneka hafi y'ahahurira abantu benshi.

Ni ikibazo ku buzima iyo ubushyuhe butagabanutse kugera munsi ya 20C nijoro. Bigora umubiri wacu gukira ubushyuhe uba wiriweho. Mu bihugu bimwe babyita 'tropical nights'.

Abashakashatsi mu Buyapani batanze inama yo kugarura uburyo bumwe bw'imyubakire ya cyera, nk'igisenge cy'ibyatsi, mu kwirinda ibyuma bitanga ubuhehere. Ibi ni uburyo bwo gutuma inzu zihehera nimunsi na nijoro hadakoreshejwe ibyuma.

Ibipimo birenze 24-26C bijyana no kugabanuka k'umusaruro mu kazi. Bibi kurushaho kuri 33-34C, aho umukozi atakaza 50% y'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora, bivugwa na International Labour Organisation. Bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yose, ariko ikorwa n'ingufu hanze niyo iba iri mu kaga. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera gucika k'udutsi ibishobora guhitana umuntu.

Mu Bwongereza, ihuriro ry'abakozi GMB rihagarariye abantu 500,000 risaba itegeko kwemeza imyembaro ijyanye na 25C, amazi meza, utundi turuhuko, n'uburyo bwo gufata akayaga mu bihe bya 'heatwaves'.

Inzu zo mu mijyi ziba zubakishijwe ibintu nka sima, amatafari, ibirahure, ibyuma. Zigira kandi ibisenge by'umukara. Ibintu by'umukara bimira urumuri rukaba ubushyuhe bikaza gutera ibyitwa "ingaruka z'ikirwa cy'ubushyuhe". Ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywa imbere n'inyuma mu gusiga ibisenge irangi ryera. Ibyiza byabyo biracyigwaho ariko Berkeley Lab y'i California yasanze igisenge cyera gishwiragiza imirasire y'izuba kuri 80% bikagabanya ubushyuhe kuri 31C mu mugoroba umwe w'impeshyi.

Inyigo ku bisenge by'umweru muri Canada zerekanye ko bifasha cyane gushwiragiza ubushyuhe mu cyi, ariko mu bukonje bigasaba kongera ubushyuhe kubera ko ibi bibugabanya cyane.

Humidité igira uruhare mu buryo imibiri yacu yitwara mu bushyuhe. Tugira ubuhehere iyo tubize icyuya, ariko ibyuya bikenera gucayuka bikava ku ruhu - ibyo biragorana iyo umwuka wiganjemo utuce twinshi tw'amazi. Igipimo kitwa Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT) gihuza humidité n'ubushyuhe mu gufasha gupima ingaruka ku buzima. Ku rugero, igipimo cya WBT35 gifatwa nk'icya nyuma umuntu yakwihanganira.

Ibihugu bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda ubuzima ubushyuhe bukabije. Amerika ikoresha 'heat index' ipima ikagereranya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka na 'humidity' yawo. Inzobere zishima gukoresha WBGT mu gupima ahantu.

Dushobora kwigira byinshi ku bantu bitwa Bedouin, bahora bimuka, bavuga Icyarabu bo mu butayu bwo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati babaye imyaka amagana mu bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo cya 38C ku munsi.

Imyambaro y'umweru cyangwa umukara y'aba Bedouin kenshi iba ikoze muri cotton. Imyambaro y'umukara imira ubushyuhe, ariko iyo itakwegereye imbere umwuka uriyongera ubushyuhe ntibugere ku ruhu. Gutwikira umutwe nabyo birinda imirasire y'izuba.

Uburyo bwo kuburirwa hakiri kare bubwira abantu kwirinda, cyane cyane ab'intege nke. Urugero mu Buhinde, bashobora kuburirwa iyo igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kirenze 45C kibonetse mu minsi ibiri ahantu habiri. Ariko 1/3 cy'isi nicyo gusa kiriho uburyo buburira abantu ubushyuhe burenze nk'uko bivugwa na World Meteorological Organization, isaba ko buri wese akwiye kuba yaburirwa bitarenze 2027.

Ubushyuhe bukabije i Seoul, Korea y'Epfo mu 1994 bwinshi abantu barenga 800. Umujyi wahise ushyiraho uburyo bwo kuburira iyo igipimo kirenga 33C mu minsi ibiri, wongera ibyanya by'icyatsi unaha abakene ibyuma bitanga akayaga.

Heatwaves' ziragenda ziba kenshi, zigatinda, kandi zikaze. Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Africa byitezwe kugera kuri 50C ku manywa mu mwaka wa 2100. Ikigo cy'iteganyagihe cy'Ubuhinde kivuga ko igihe 'heatwaves' zimara cyiyongereyeho iminsi itatu mu myaka 30, kandi byitezwe ko kiziyongeraho hagati y'iminsi 12 na 18 mu myaka hagati ya 30 na 40 iri imbere.

Gusa ibihugu n'imijyi ntibyiteguye kimwe kwirinda ingaruka. OMS ivuga ko hakenewe kubakwa ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kuburira kare.

Ni igihe cy'ubushyuhe burenze ububa bwitezwe ahantu mu gihe runaka cy'umwaka - nubwo uzasanga uko babyita bitandukanye aha na hariya. Ku rwego rw'isi, abantu 166,000 bishwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije hagati ya 1998 na 2017(OMS). Abashaje, abanyantege nke, abana bato, n'abakorera aka hanze nibo baba bageramiwe.

Manura thermometer ubone uko wagabanya ingaruka.

Mu gicuucu, ubutaka bushobora kuba munsi ya 15C kurusha aho izuba rikubita. Twumva duhehereye mu gacuucu kuko imirasire y'izuba ituma dushyuha. Abantu bifuza kujya ahantu hahehereye ngo umubiri ukiranuke n'ubushyuhe. Kubona igicuucu ni ingenzi.

i Svalbard muri Norway izuba ntirijya rurenga na rimwe hagati ya 20 Mata(4) na 22 Kanama(8). Abantu bagirwa inama yo kwambara amataratara yabugenewe kubera imirasire ya UV iba ikabije kuri izi mpera z'isi.

Ni ikibazo ku buzima iyo ubushyuhe butagabanutse kugera munsi ya 20C nijoro. Bigora umubiri wacu gukira ubushyuhe uba wiriweho. Mu bihugu bimwe babyita 'tropical nights'.

Hano ushobora kutagira ya majoro atajya munsi ya 20C, ariko ahandi amajoro ashyushye ahozaho ni akaga ku buzima.

Ibipimo birenze 24-26C bijyana no kugabanuka k'umusaruro mu kazi. Bibi kurushaho kuri 33-34C, aho umukozi atakaza 50% y'ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora, bivugwa na International Labour Organisation. Bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yose, ariko ikorwa n'ingufu hanze niyo iba iri mu kaga. Ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora gutera gucika k'udutsi ibishobora guhitana umuntu.

Imiriro y'ishyamba iramenyerewe muri Siberia. Ariko mu mpeshya ya 2020, uruhurirane rw'ubushyuhe bukabije, n'imiyaga y'ingufu byarakongeje umuriro ukwira ahangana n'ubuso bw'Ububiligi.

Inzu zo mu mijyi ziba zubakishijwe ibintu nka sima, amatafari, ibirahure, ibyuma. Zigira kandi ibisenge by'umukara. Ibintu by'umukara bimira urumuri rukaba ubushyuhe bikaza gutera ibyitwa "ingaruka z'ikirwa cy'ubushyuhe". Ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanywa imbere n'inyuma mu gusiga ibisenge irangi ryera. Ibyiza byabyo biracyigwaho ariko Berkeley Lab y'i California yasanze igisenge cyera gishwiragiza imirasire y'izuba kuri 80% bikagabanya ubushyuhe kuri 31C mu mugoroba umwe w'impeshyi.

Inyigo ku bisenge by'umweru muri Canada zerekanye ko bifasha cyane gushwiragiza ubushyuhe mu cyi, ariko mu bukonje bigasaba kongera ubushyuhe kubera ko ibi bibugabanya cyane.

Humidité igira uruhare mu buryo imibiri yacu yitwara mu bushyuhe. Tugira ubuhehere iyo tubize icyuya, ariko ibyuya bikenera gucayuka bikava ku ruhu - ibyo biragorana iyo umwuka wiganjemo utuce twinshi tw'amazi. Igipimo kitwa Wet Bulb Temperature(WBT) gihuza humidité n'ubushyuhe mu gufasha gupima ingaruka ku buzima. Ku rugero, igipimo cya WBT35 gifatwa nk'icya nyuma umuntu yakwihanganira.

Ibihugu bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kurinda ubuzima ubushyuhe bukabije. Amerika ikoresha 'heat index' ipima ikagereranya ubushyuhe bw'umwuka na 'humidity' yawo. Inzobere zishima gukoresha WBGT mu gupima ahantu.

Dushobora kwigira byinshi ku bantu bitwa Bedouin, bahora bimuka, bavuga Icyarabu bo mu butayu bwo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati babaye imyaka amagana mu bushyuhe bw'ikigereranyo cya 38C ku munsi.

Imyambaro y'umweru cyangwa umukara y'aba Bedouin kenshi iba ikoze muri cotton. Imyambaro y'umukara imira ubushyuhe, ariko iyo itakwegereye imbere umwuka uriyongera ubushyuhe ntibugere ku ruhu. Gutwikira umutwe nabyo birinda imirasire y'izuba.

Uburyo bwo kuburirwa hakiri kare bubwira abantu kwirinda, cyane cyane ab'intege nke. Urugero mu Buhinde, bashobora kuburirwa iyo igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kirenze 45C kibonetse mu minsi ibiri ahantu habiri. Ariko 1/3 cy'isi nicyo gusa kiriho uburyo buburira abantu ubushyuhe burenze nk'uko bivugwa na World Meteorological Organization, isaba ko buri wese akwiye kuba yaburirwa bitarenze 2027.

Uduce dutuwe n'abantu bacye ku mpera z'isi turimo kugenzurwa mu gihe 'heatwaves' zaho zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku handi hose ku isi. Urubura rwa Greenland rurimo gushonga vuba cyane, ibigira ingaruka ku gipimo cy'inyanja. Impera ya ruguru irimo kugira ibihe bidasanzwe. Bipimwa ko ubushyuhe kuri Arctic bwikubya inshuro enye vuba kurusha isi yose kuva mu 1979.

Heatwaves' ziragenda ziba kenshi, zigatinda, kandi zikaze. Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Africa byitezwe kugera kuri 50C ku manywa mu mwaka wa 2100. Ikigo cy'iteganyagihe cy'Ubuhinde kivuga ko igihe 'heatwaves' zimara cyiyongereyeho iminsi itatu mu myaka 30, kandi byitezwe ko kiziyongeraho hagati y'iminsi 12 na 18 mu myaka hagati ya 30 na 40 iri imbere.

Gusa ibihugu n'imijyi ntibyiteguye kimwe kwirinda ingaruka. OMS ivuga ko hakenewe kubakwa ubuvuzi n'uburyo bwo kuburira kare.