''Hariho abantu kw'isi bagifata abandi gutyo?''- ayo abagore b'abanya-Malawi baboneye muri Oman bakahakurwa na Whatsapp

Igisata ca BBC gikora inkuru z'amatohoza yimbitse, Africa Eye, cakoze amatotohoza ku kuntu umugwi wa Whatsapp wakijije abagore b'abanya-Malawi barenga 50 bari bajanywe gucuruzwa muri Oman mu gukora ibikorwa ataho bitaniye n'ivy'umuntu ari mu buja [mu bucakara].

Muragaba: Hari abantu bashobora gusanga bimwe bimwe mu bivugwa muri iyi nkuru vyobahahamura.

Umugore w'imyaka 32 araduka akarira asubiye kwibuka amahano yakorewe aho yagiye yizigiye kuronka ubuzima bwiza gusumba, agasanga akora ibikorwa vyo mu nzu muri Oman.

Georgina, co kimwe n'abandi bagore bose bajanywe gucuruzwa bavuganye na BBC, yahisemwo gukoresha izina ryiwe ry'ubukristu gusa, yari azi ko agiye kuronka akazi k'ubushoferi i Dubai.

Yari asanzwe yifitiye urudandazwa rubayabaye i Lilongwe, umurwa mukuru wa Malawi, kandi ntaco yari abuze igihe hari umuntu yaza kumubwira ko ashobora kuja gukorera amafaranga menshi gusumba mu bihugu vy'Abarabu.

Yururutse indege i Muscat, umurwa mukuru wa Oman, ni ho yagiye kumenya ko yabeshwe hanyuma aca yifatirwa n'umuryango wamukoresha amasaha y'umurengera, ataruhuka umunsi n'umwe.

''Narageze aho numva ko ntakibishoboye,'' ni ko avuga, adondagura ingene ataryama amasa arenze abiri.

Budakeye na kabiri, sebuja yaciye atangura kumusambanya ku nguvu, amutera ubwoba ko azomurasa hamwe yocira amate hasi akabivuga.

''Kandi aho ntiyari we wenyene gusa,'' ni ko avuga. ''Yarazana n'abagenzi biwe hanyuma bakamuha [sebuja] amafaranga mu nyuma.''

Bihakwa kwanka ko avuga hageze aho asigura ingene bamuhatiye gusambanywa baciye inyuma [mu kibuno]: ''Narakomeretse cane. Ndatuntura.''

Hagereranywa ko hari miriyoni zibiri z'abagore bakoreshwa nk'abakozi bo mu nzu mu bihugu vyo mu kigobe c'Abarabu. Mu matohoza yakozwe n'ishirahamwe ry'abagiraneza Do Bold ku bagore 400 muri Oman, agasohorwa mu 2023 n'igisata ca Amerika gikurikirana ivyo gucuruza abantu, hafi abo bagore bose vyagaragaye ko bahuye n'ivyago vy'icuruzwa ry'abantu.

Hafi umwe kuri batatu yarakorewe ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gutsina, mu gihe umwe kuri babiri yavuze ko yababajwe ku mubiri kandi agakorerwa ikumirwa.

Haheze amayinga atari make, Georgina yarihebuye hanyuma aratabaza kuri Fecebook arondera uwomufasha.

Ku birometero ibihumbi mu ntara ya Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ya New Hampshire, umugore w'umunya-Malawi w'imyaka 38 aharanira uburenganziza abicishije ku mbugva hwaniro Pililani Mombe Nyoni yarabonye ubutumwa bwiwe aca atangura gutohoza.

Yaravuganye na Georgina hanyuma aca arafuta ubutuma bwiwe kuri Fecebook ku mvo z'umutekano wiwe, ahubwo aca amuha nomero yiwe ya Whatsapp, ica itangura guhanahanwa muri Oman. Bidatevye aca asanga ari ikibazo gihanze benshi.

''Georgina ni we yabaye uwa mbere ari muri ayo mahano. Hanyuma uwundi mukobwa, hanyuma babiri, batatu,'' nk'uko yabwiye BBC.

''Niho naciye mvuga nti: 'Ngiye gushinga umugwi wa Whatsapp kuko iki mbona gisa n'icuruzwa ry'abantu.'''

Abagore b'abanya-Malawi barenga 50 bakora nk'abakozi bo mu nzu barinjiye muri uwo mugwi.

Uwo mugwi waciye utangura kwuzura ubutumwa bw'amajwi n'ama video, amwe ateye ubwoba kuraba, yerekana ido n'ido ry'amahano abo bagore bari babayemwo. Benshi ibitabo vy'inzira [passeports] bari bavyatswe bagishika, kugira ntihagire aho bashobora kuja.

Bamwe bavuga ingene biyugaranira mu tuzu twa surwumwe kugira bashobore kurungika binyegeje ubwo butumwa bwo gutabaza.

''Meze nk'uwupfunzwe [...] ntidushobora gutoroka,'' ni ko umwe yavuze. ''Ubuzima bwanje burageramiwe bikomeye,'' uwo ni uwundi.

Madame Nyoni yaciye atangura kuvugana n'amashirahamwe agwanya icuruzwa ry'abantu muri Malawi aca ahuzwa na Ekaterina Porras Sivolobova, uwatanguje ishirahamwe Do Bold, rifise icicaro mu Bugiriki.

Do Bold rikorana n'abakozi b'abimukira mu bihugu vy'Abarabu, barondera ababa bahuye n'ivyago vyo kujanwa gucuruzwa canke gukoreshwa ku nguvu hanyuma rikavugana n'abakoresha babo kugira babarekure.

''Abakoresha barahemba uwubazanira umukozi. Kimwe mu bitugora cane ni uko umukoresha canke uwo yatumye [kumuronderera umukozi] agira ati: 'Nkeneye kugarura amafaranga yanje, aho rero arashobora gusubira iwabo','' ni ko Sibolobova yabwiye BBC.

''Amategeko ahari [muri Oman] arabuza umukozi kuva ku mukoresha. Ntashobora guhindura akazi kandi ntashobora kuva mu gihugu - uko uba ufashwe uko ariko kwose.''

Ivyo ni vyo mu bihugu vy'Abarabu bizwi nka ''kafala'', amategeko ahuza abakozi n'abakoresha babo mu kiringo cose c'amasezerano.

Komite ya Oman yo kugwanya icuruzwa ry'abantu yabwiye BBC ko imigenderanire hagati y'umukoresha n'umukozi wo mu nzu ishingiye ku masezerano - kandi amatati yabo ashobora kujanwa muri sentare mu kiringo c'indwi imwe.

Yongerako ko umukoresha atarekuriwe ''gukoresha umukozi ku gahato'' kandi ko atarekuriwe kugumya ''igitabo c'inzira c'umukozi n'izindi mpapuro ziwe ata mwumvikano wanditse uhari''.

Inyuma y'amezi atatu i Muscat, kandi abifashijwemwo na Madame Nyoni n'uwundi muntu muri Oman, Georgina yaratashe muri Malawi mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu 2021.

''Maze gufasha Georgina, numvise nasaze, nshavuye cane,'' niko Nyoni avuga.

Ivyashikiye Georgina vyatumye avuza urwamo muri Malawi - reta itangura kwotswa igitutu kugira hagire ico ikora.

Ikigo ca Malawi c'imigambi ya demokarasi n'iterambere ry'ubutunzi (Centre for Democracy and Economic Development Initiatives, CDEDI), caciye gitanguza isekeza ryo gutabara abagorewe muri Oman, gisaba abategetsi gutahana abo bagore.

Blessings n'uwundi yari mu mugwi wa Whatsapp wa Nyoni. Uwo mugore w'imyaka 39 yari yagiye i Muscat muri Kigarama (12) mu 2022, asigarana abana biwe bane murumunawe, Stevelia, i Lilongwe.

Yarahiye cane mu gikoni c'aho yakora, ariko umukoresha wiwe aramwankira gusubira muri Malawi.

''Yari yahiye ku buryo nabona ko uwo tuvukana agiye gupfa,'' ni ko Stevelia yabwiye BBC.

''Ndibuka mukurwanje avuze ati: 'Murumunanje, naje kuko narondera ubuzima bwiza gusumba, ariko hamwe nopfa, ndagusavye uzondabire abana neza.' Ivyo vyarambabaje.''

Stevelia yaciye atangura kurondera ingene uwo bavukana yogarukanwa mu gihugu. Ubwa mbere uwari yagize uruhara kugira agende yatanguye kubwira umuryango arakaye cane ko Blessings yapfuye, ariko ivyo ntivyari vyo kuko amaherezo yaragarutse mu kwezi kw'icumi, reta ya Malawi ibigizemwo uruhara.

''Sinigeze nibaza ko bizoshika ngasubira kubona umuryango wanje, n'abana banje,'' niko Blessings yabwiye BBC inyuma gato amaze gushika i muhira.

''Sinari nzi ko hari abantu kw'isi bashobora gufata abandi bantu nk'abaja.''

Reta ya Malawi, yakoranye kandi na Do Bold, ivuga ko yakoresheje amafaranga arenga $160.000 (miriyoni hafi 450 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi ku rugero rwo muri banki) kugira itahane abagore 54 ibakura muri Oman.

Ariko Aida Chiwalo w'imyaka 23 we yatashe mw'isandugu. Nta suzuma ry'icamwishe ryakozwe canke ngo habe amatohoza muri Oman inyuma y'urupfu rwiwe.

Abategetsi ba Oman bavuze ko ubushikiranganji bujejwe akazi butigeze buronka imyidogo y'abakozi bo mu mazu bakomoka muri Malawi mu 2022, mu 2023 na ho umuntu umwe gusa akaba ari we yabwituye hanyuma agatunganirizwa.

''Benshi muri abo bagore barekuwe kuko umukoresha yahawe amafaranga, kuva ku $1.000 gushika ku $2.000,'' nk'uko bivugwa na Madame Sivolobova.

''Muri make umwidegemvyo wabo waraguzwe. Kandi ico nico kimbabaza. Ushobora gute kugura umwidegemvyo w'uwundi muntu?''

Umuvugizi wa reta ya Malawi yabwiye BBC ko bariko barashiraho amategeko kugira ''abagenda kurondera akazi mu bindi bihugu bagende mu nzira itunganijwe neza, bakingiwe, babikuremwo akunguko, imiryango n'igihugu na bo bahungukire''.

Ariko Madame Nyoni, ubu umugwi wiwe wa Whtasapp usigaye ahanini ari uwo gufasha abakeneye gutaha, avuga ko ikibazo co gucuruza abakozi bo mu ngo muri Oman kigaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cane muri Malawi - ikibazo c'ubukene n'ubushomeri.

''Iyo abo bakobwa bari kuba bafise amahirwe yo kuronka akazi muri Malawi, ntibari kugwa muri uwo mutego. Dukeneye kugarukira igihugu kugira urwo rwaruka ntirusubire kugwa mu mitego.''

Kuri Georgina, ihahamuka yahakuye n'ubu vyaramugoye kuryikuramwo. Ubu yumva aruhutse iyo agiye ku kiyaga Malawi, kimwe mu biyaga binini vyo muri Afrika.

''Iyo ndavye imipfunda y'amazi binyibutsa ko mu buzima ata na kimwe gihoraho. Umunsi uri izina, ibi vyose bizoba kahise.'' Ni ko avuga.

''Ndiha amahoro kandi nkitera intege mu kwibaza ko nzosubira kumera uko nahora - Georgina wa kera yari afise umwidegemvyo.''