I London harigwa ku kaga gashobora gutezwa n'ubwenge bw'imashini, AI

Ubuhinga bw’ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge bucurano canke butari karemano: ‘Artificial Inteligence, AI (Intelligence Artificielle, IA), bukomeza kwiyongera ku muvuduko munini, ari nako buhindura vyinshi mu buzima bwa kino gihe.

Ariko rero, bamwe mu bahinga bafise impungenge ko bushobora gukoreshwa mu nzira zitari nziza.

Mu Bwongereza hakoraniye inama mpuzamakungu y’abategetsi bo kw’isi n’abayobozi b’ibigo vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikomakomeye, barimwo Elon Musk wa X (yahoze ari Twitter), kugira ngo baganire ku buryo ubuhinga buhanitse bufatiye ku bwenge bw’ubucurano – AI, bwokoreshwa mu buryo budateza umutekano muke.

AI (Artificial Intelligence) ni iki, ikoreshwa gute?

Artificial Intelligence, AI - ubwenge butari karemano - ni uburyo canke porogarama yogereranywa n’ubwenge, bufasha mudasobwa (ordinateur/computer) kwiga no kumenya gutora inyishu z’ibibazo nka kurya kw’ubwenge bw’umuntu.

Iyo porogarama ikorwa hifashishijwe amakuru menshi ashirwa muri mudasobwa, ikiga kuyagereranya no kuyagenderereza, gutyo bikayifasha gukora ibikorwa nk’ibiturutse ku vyiyumviro vy’umuntu, nko gutanga ikiganiro, canke kumenya ico umuntu akunze gusuma akoresheje itumatumanako, ashobora kuba yifuza kugura.

Ubu buryo nibwo ikoreshwa ry’ibirobo (robots) bikoresha ijwi mu gufasha abantu kuri za terefone n’ahandi kuri interineti, bizwi ku mazina Siri na Alexa, ryifashisha.

Siri na Alexa nivyo birobo bifasha Facebook na X – urubuga rwahora ruzwi nka Twitter - gufata ingingo ku vyo izo mbuga zikeneye kwereka abazigendera.

AI kandi ifasha urubuga rwa Amazon kwereka abaguzi ivyo bakeneye kugura muri kazoza, ifatiye ku vyo bamaze kugura – kandi ikifashishwa mu gukumira amakuru y’ ibinyoma yerekeye ukwo urwo rubuga rukora (fake reviews).

Porogarama za AI nka ChatGPT na DALL-E ni iki?

ChatGPT na DALL-E ni uturorero tumwe muri porogarama bita ‘generative’ AI.

Izi porogarama ziriga, zikigana.

Izi porogarama zifise ubushobozi bwo kwihweza amakuru menshi nk’inzandiko n’amasanamu, bigatuma nazo zirema ayandi makuru ateye nk’ayoba yatunganijwe n’umuntu.

Porogarama zitwa "chatbots" – nka ChatGPT – zishobora ‘kuganira’ zikoresheje ubutumwa bwanditse.

Izindi porogarama za AI nka DALL-E zishobora kurema amasanamu zikoresheje amabwiriza zihawe mu butumwa bwanditse.

Izo porogarama za ‘generative AIs’ zishobora gukora video canke mbere n’umuziki nk’uwakozwe n’abacuraranzi karuhariwe.

Ariko izi porogarama rimwe na rimwe zishobora no kwihenda mu nyishu zitanga ku bibazo bimwe bimwe, canke ku mashusho.

Ugasanga zasubiyemwo ukwihenda canke guhengama gusanzwe mu vyiyumviro vy’abantu, gushingiye kuri ya makuru menshi izi porogarama ziba zahawe aturutse ku bantu nyene.

Muri izo nyishu hashobora kubonekamwo nk’ikumira rifatiye ku gitsina, canke ku rukora.

Abacuraranzi benshi, abanditsi n’abanyatugenegene baragabisha ko izo porogarama za AI zishobora gutuma bamwe bikinga mu kiza bagakoresha ubutunzi mvabwenge bwabo batarinze kubariha.

Kuki hari abibaza ko AI iteye impungenge?

Abahinga benshi batangazwa n‘umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’ubu bwenge bw’ubukorano AI, kandi bagatinya ko kwiyongera kwabwo gushobora guteza akaga.

Bamwe mbere bamaze kuvuga ko ubushakashatsi kuri AI bwari bukwiye guhagarikwa.

Mu kwezi kwa cumi, Leta y’Ubwongereza yasohoye icegeranyo cerekana ko AI ishobora kwifashishwa mu kugaba ibitero kuri internet (cyber attacks) canke abakora iterabwoba bakazifashisha mu gutegura ibitero vy’ubumara (chemical attacks).

Bamwe mu bahinga mbere bafise impungenge ko muri kazoza, ubwenge bw’ibi bi robots bushobora kurengera ubw'umuntu bigatuma kiremwa muntu azimangana.

Mu kwezi kwa gatanu, ikigo ‘Center for AI Safety’ gifise icicaro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, catangaje imburi kuri izi mpungenge zishigikiwe n’abahinga barenga 10 ba kizigenza mu buhinga bwa none.

Impungenge nka bene izo zaragaragajwe kandi n‘abahinga babiri bazwi nk’imboneza zaboneye abandi izuba mu bushakashatsi ku buhinga bwa AI, Geoffrey Hinton na Yoshua Bengio.

Ariko uwundi - Yann LeCun – yimye agaciro iciyumviro ko ‘ikirobo c’umunyabwenge ruhebwa’ gishobora kwigarurira isi, avuga ko ari iciyumviro kitagira ishingiro kidakwiye guhabwa agaciro.

Umunyatugenegene w’Umunyamerikakazi Sarah Silverman ntanezerejwe no kubona ko inzandiko ziwe zikoreshwa mu kumenyereza ibirobo vy’ubuhinga bwa AI.

Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, Margrethe Vestager ajejwe ubuhinga bwa none mu Bumwe bwa Bulaya (EU), yabwiye BBC ko hari impungenge ko AI ishobora gutuma ivyago vyo kwihenda canke gukumira vyiyongera, kurusha mbere impungenge z’uko ubwo bwenge bucurano busubirira kiremwa muntu.

Ku buryo bwihariye, afise impungenge ku ruhara rwa AI mu gufata ingingo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abantu nko gusaba amadeni.

Abandi banegura ingaruka za AI ku bidukikije.

Uburyo bwa AI bukomeye bukoresha umuyagankuba mwishi: mu 2027, umwe mu bashakashatsi avuga ko muri rusangi, ubwo buryo bushobora gutwara uwungana n’uwokoreshwa umwaka wose n’igihugu gitoyi nk’Ubuholande.

Ni ayahe mategeko ahari agenga AI muri kino gihe?

Mu Bumwe bwa Bulaya, bamaze gutora ingingo z’amategeko ngenderwako azogenga ibigo bikoresha AI.

Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Joe Biden, nawe yatangaje ingingo zizofasha gutorera umuti ibibazo bishobora guturuka kuri AI.

Yihaye intego yo kwongera ubushobozi bwa AI ariko akingira n’umutekano Abanyamerika.

Leta y’Ubwongereza yo mbere yari yamenyesheje ko ata kigo izoshiraho kigenewe kugenzura AI.

Ariko umushikiranganji wa mbere Rishi Sunak, yifuza ko Ubwongereza buba imboneza mu kugenzura umutekano ufatiye kuri AI, akaba yatunganije inama mpuzamakungu i Bletcheley Park, aho abaserukira ibigo n’ama leta bazoganira ku bijanye no kugenzura ibigo bikomakomeye bikoresha ubwo buhinga.

Ni ubuhe buzi bugeramiwe na AI?

Icegeranyo c’ibanki ikorana n’abashoramari Goldman Sachs kigaragaza ko AI ishobora gusubirira abari mu buzi buharurwa muri miriyoni 300 kw’isi.

Ico cegeranyo gishiramwo abakora mu nzego nshingwantwaro, abanyamategeko, amahinga mu gutunganya inyubako, n’abarongoye abandi.

Ariko ico cegeranyo kinavuga ko AI ishobora gutuma ubutunzi bwiyongera ko ibice 7%.

Ubwo buhinga buramaze gukoreshwa mu gufasha abaganga gutora cancer zo mw’ibere, no gukora imiti mishasha yo mu bwoko bwa antibiotics.