Bisigura iki kwemera Palestina nk'igihugu?

Ubwongereza, Australia na Canada vyemeye Palestina nk'igihugu, mu gihe Ubufaransa hamwe n'ibindi bihugu bitegekanya gukora gutyo mu misi iri imbere.

Imbere y'aha, umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, yari yagabishije ko izi ngingo zizoba ari uguha agashirukabute "iterabwoba ry'agahomerabunwa rya Hamas". Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na zo nyene ziriyamiriza bikomeye iyi ngingo.

None ukwemera Palestina nk'igihugu bisigura iki, kandi vyohindura iki?

Bisigura iki kwemera Palestine nk'igihugu?

Palestine ni igihugu kibaho kandi kitabaho.

Iremerwa ku rugero rutari ruto ku rwego mpuzamakungu, ikaba ifise ubuserukizi mu bihugu vyo hanze kandi ikanagira n'imirwi y'inkino yitabira amahiganwa mpuzamakungu, harimwo n'aya Olempike.

Ariko kubera Abanyapalestina bamaze igihe kirekire mu mishamirano na Israel, nta mbibe zizwi ku rwego mpuzamakungu ifise, ikaba itagira n'umugwa mukuru, ntigire n'igisirikare.

Kubera Israel yigaruriye agace ka Cisjordanie/West Bank ikoresheje inguvu za gisirikare, ubutegetsi bwa Palestine bwashizweho inyuma y'amasezerano y'amahoro yo mu myaka ya 1990, nta bubasha bwose bufise ku butaka bwa Palestinacanke ku banyagihugu bayo.

Gaza, akarere na ko nyene kigaruriwe na Israel, kari mu ntambara iteje akaga.

Bitewe n'uko Palestina imeze nk'igihugu cigenga ariko kituzuye, iyemerwa ryayo nta kabuza ko ari ikimenyetso gikomeye. Buzoba ari ubutumwa bukomeye bwo guhagararira igikwiye n'ubwa poritike, ariko ntibizohindura vyinshi ku rubuga.

Ariko iki kimenyetso kirakomeye, nk'uko David Lammy yahoze ari umushikiranganji w'imigenderanire w'Ubwongereza yabivuze mw'ijambo yashikirije muri ONU muri Mukakaro (7) uno mwaka, aho yagize ati: "Ubwongereza bwikoreye umuzigo munini w'inshingano yabwo yo gushigikira inyishu ifatiye kw'ishingwa ry'ibihugu bibiri."

Yabandanije avuga ku rwandiko rwa Balfour rwo mu 1917 — rwateweko igikumu n'uwamuboneye izuba nk'umushikiranganji w'imigenderanire n'ayandi makungu, Arthur Balfour — rwerekanye ku ncuro ya mbere ko Ubwongereza bwari bushigikiye ishingwa "ry'igice cegukira Abayahudi muri Palestina".

Ariko uru rwandiko, nk'uko Lammy yabivuze, rwaje ruherekejwe n'umuhango "w'uko ata kintu na kimwe cozokorwa cotuma uburenganzira bwo kubaho nk'abanyagihugu n'ubw'idini ku bantu batari Abayahudi muri Palestina buhungabana".

Abashigikiye Israel bakunze kwerekana ko Balfour ataco yavuze ku buryo butomoye ku Banyapalestina canke ngo agire ico avuga ku burenganzira bwabo mu gihugu.

Ariko akarere kahoze kazwi nka Palestina, kari karongowe n'Ubwongereza mu rwego rw'Umuryango Mpuzabihugu (Société des Nations/League of Nations) kuva mu 1922 gushika mu 1948, kamaze igihe kirekire kabonwa ko ari igikorwa mpuzamakungu kitarashobora kurangira.

Israel yagiye kubaho nk'igihugu mu 1948, ariko utwigoro two gushiraho igihugu ca Palestina kibangabanganywe nayo gushika ubu twabaye impfagusa, biturutse ku mvo zitari nke.

Nk'uko Lammy yabivuze, "amajambo ngo 'umuti ushingiye ku bihugu bibiri' yahavuye aba akamenyero" ku banyaporitike.

Aya majambo avuga ivyerekeye ishingwa ry'igihugu ca Palestina muri Cisjordanie n'akarere ka Gaza, hisunzwe muri rusangi imbibe zari zihari imbere y'intambara yo mu 1967 hagati ya Israel n'Abarabu, aho Yeruzalemu y'Ubuseruko – akarere kigaruriwe na Israel kuva ico gihe – yoba umugwa mukuru waco.

Ariko utwigoro tw'amakungu two gutora inyishu ifatiye kw'ishingwa ry'ibihugu bibiri ntaco turashikako, ingendo ya Israel yo kwihagira uduce tutari duto twa Cisjordanie, ikaba iteye kubiri n'amategeko mpuzamakungu, yatumye iki ciyumviro gihinduka amajambo gusa atagira na kimwe.

Ni ibihe bihugu vyemera Palestina nk'igihugu?

Muri kino gihe, Palestina yemerwa n'ibice hafi 75 kw'ijana vy'igihugu 193 bigize ishirahammwe mpuzamakungu ONU.

Muri ONU, ifise ikibanza c'"igihugu ndorerezi ntayegayezwa", kiyiha uburenganzira bwo kwitaba amakoraniro ariko ata burenganzira ifise bwo gutora.

Mu kwemerwa n'Ubwongereza hamwe n'Ubufaransa, bisigura ko vuba Palestina izoba ishigikiwe n'ibihugu bine kuri bitanu ntayegayezwa mu Nama nkuru ya ONU ijejwe umutekano kw'isi.

Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya, vyompi vyemeye Palestina nk'igihugu mu 1988.

Ibi bizotuma Amerika, incuti magara ikomeye gushika ubu ya Israel, isigara ari yo yonyene idashigikiye Palestina nk'igihugu cigenga.

Washington (ubutegetsi bwa Amerika) iremera ubutegetsi bwa Palestina ubu burongowe na Mahmoud Abbas, kuva bushinzwe hagati y'imyaka ya 1990.

Kuva ico gihe, abakuru b'igihugu batari bake bamaze gushikiriza ko bashigikiye ishingwa rya Palestina. Ariko Perezida Donald Trump ntari muri bo. Mu butegetsi bwiwe bw'ibiringo vyiwe bibiri, poritike ya Amerika yegamiye cane ku ruhande rwa Israel.

Kubera iki Ubwongereza n'ibindi bihugu bifashe iyi ngingo ubu ?

Amareta yagiye akurikirana mu Bwongereza yagiye avuga ivyo kwemera igihugu ca Palestina, ariko gusa nka kimwe mu bigize umugambi w'amahoro, bukabikorana n'izindi ncuti z'Uburengero kandi "mu gihe vyoboneka ko hari ikintu nyaco cohinduka".

Aya mareta yabona ko ryoba ari ikosa kuvyemera gusa nk'ikimenyetso. Bishobora gutuma abanyagihugu biyumva ko batunganirijwe, ariko vy'ukuri ugasanga nta kintu na kimwe gihindutse ku rubuga.

Ariko ivyagiye biba vyaratumye neza neza amareta atari make afata ingingo atari yiteguye gufata.

Amashusho yerekana ingene inzara igenda yongerekana muri Gaza, ishavu rigenda ryiyongera kubera ibikorwa vya gisirikare vya Israel, hamwe n'ingene abanyagihugu bagenda bahindura imbono zabo kuri iyi ntambara - vyose vyagize uruhara mu kugira reta y'Ubwongereza ishike kuri iyi ntambwe.

Amerika ntivyerekwa

Ubutegetsi bwa Trump ntibwigeze buhisha ko budashigikiye ko Palestina yemerwa nk'igihugu, aho uno mukuru w'igihugu wa Amerika we nyene ubwiwe yiyemerera ko habaye "ukutumvikana n'umushikiranganji wa mbere [w'Ubwongereza] kuri iki kibazo" mu kiganiro rusangi n'abanyamakuru ku wa kane w'indwi iheze.

Aba bategetsi bompi bavuze ko bavuganye kuri iki kibazo mu mubonano wabo ari babiri.

Mu vy'ukuri, biragaragara ko Amerika aho ihagaze ari ukurwanya bikomeye kandi itarya umunwa iciyumviro c'ubwigenge bwa Palestina.

Mu kwa gatandatukw'uno mwaka, Mike Huckabee aserukira Amerika muri Israel yavuze ko yiyumvira y'uko Amerika itagishigikiye ishingwa ry'igihugu ca Palestina.

Ubu bwa vuba, umushikiranganji wa Amerika ajejwe imigenderanire, Marco Rubio, yavuze ko Hamas yohava "yumva ko itewe intege" n'ukungene amakungu ariko yongereza akariro mu kwemera Palestina.

Aya majambo yiwe yashikirije mu kiganiro rusangi n'abanyamakuru ari kumwe na Netanyahu ku wa 15 Nyakanga (9), yasubiyemwo ivyiyumviro vya Israel ivuka ko kwemera Palestina nk'igihugu kwoba ari uguha "impembo iterabwoba", inyuma y'ibitero vy'agahomerabunwa vya Hamas ku wa 7 Gitugutu (10) 2023.

Rubio avuga kandi ko Amerika yaburiye abo bose bashigikira ko Palestina yemerwa nk'igihugu ko ari nk'ugusotora Israel, bigashobora gutuma ifata ingingo yo kwihagira Cisjordanie.

Mu ntango z'uku kwezi kwa Nyakanga (9), Rubio yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: "Twarababwiye ko bishobora gutuma haba ibikorwa vyo kwihora kandi ko bishobora gutuma ivyo guhagarika intambara bigorana."