Umushikirizamanza yari asigaye mu bashengeje Abanazi i Nuremberg yapfuye ku myaka 103

Umushikirizamanza wa nyuma yari asigaye yaciriye imanza Abanazi muri sentare ya Nuremberg inyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose yapfuye afise imyaka 103.

Ben Ferencz yari afise imyaka 27 igihe akubita intahe mu gahanga intwazangabo z’Abanazi ku vyaha vyo mu ntambara n’ivyaha bijanye n’ihonyanga ry’agateka ka zina muntu.

Mu nyuma yaje gushigikira ko hashingwa sentare mpuzamakungu yo gukurikirana ivyaha vyo mu ntambra, intego yagiye gushikwako mu 2002.

Ferencz yasandavye mu mahoro asinziriye ku mugoroba wo ku wa gatanu mu kigo c’ubufasha c’i Boynton Beach mu ntara ya Florida ya Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Igihe yemeza urupfu rwiwe, inzu ndangamurage y’ihonyabwoko ryakorewe Abayahudi ya Amerika (Holocaust Museum), yavuze ko isi itakaje “indongozi mu guharanira ubutungane ku bakorewe ihonyabwoko”.

Avugana na BBC, umuhungu wiwe Donald Ferencz, na we nyene akaba akora ibijanye n’amategeko mpuzamakungu, avuga ko yibuka se wiwe nk’umuntu yahevye ubuzima bwiwe mu "kugerageza gukora uko ashoboye kwose kugira ngo isi igendere ku mategeko”.

Yabwiye ikiganiro Newshour ca BBC ati: "Yariboneye yongera aba mu bintu biteye ubwoba vyatumye agira ishaka ryo kugira uruhara muri sentare ya Nuremberg, vyongera kandi biba mu buzima bwiwe bwose”.

Avuga ko se wiwe yari umuntu “atwenza” kandi “atangaje”, ariko umuntu “yakora buri musi mu buzima bwiwe”.

Ati: "Uyu si umuntu yaja kuroba canke gukina golf. Uyu ni umuntu intumbero y’ubuzima bwiwe yari iyo kugerageza kwubaka isi nziza”.

Ferencz yavukiye i Transylvania – akarere ka Roumanie/Romania - mu 1920, ariko umuryango wiwe wimukiye muri Amerika akiri muto bahunga urwanko ku Bayahudi, mu nyuma baca baza kuba i New York.

Amaze kurangiza ivyigwa vya kaminuza kw’ishure kaminuza Harvard Law School mu 1943, yinjiye mu gisirikare ca Amerika, akaba yarabaye mu ngabo zarwanye urugamba karuhariwe rwo kubohoza akarere ka Normandie, ikizwi nka Débarquement de Normandie/Allied landings at Normandy, hamwe no mu ntambara ya Ardennes (Bataille des Ardennes/Battle of the Bulge), aho hose hakaba hari mu Bufaransa.

Yaraduze ipete gushika ku mu Sereja (Sergeant) mu nyuma yinjira mu murwi wari ujejwe gutohoza no kwegeranya ivyemezo ku vyaha vyo mu ntambara vyakozwe n’Abanazi.

Uyu murwi wari mu gisirikare mu Budagi ukaba wategerezwa no gushika mu bigo vy’impfungwa, ibizwi nka camps de concentration, bimaze kubohozwa, wihweza ingene ubuzima bwari bwifashe muri imwe imwe, bongera bavugana n’abacikacumu.

Avuga ku vyo yabonye mu buzima bwiwe, Ferencz yavuze ko yabonye ibiziga "vyari bitekewe nk’ibishitsi" hamwe "n’abantu bari basigaye ku magufa bahitwa, barwaye amacinya, tifusi, igituntu, umusonga n’ibindi bigwara, badahwa hasi canke ku misego yari yuzuye inda, basigaye ku maso ateye ikigongwe”.

Asigura ko Buchenwald – imwe mu makambi manini cane hagati mu Budagi – yari "inzu yakorewemwo amahano atagira izina”.

Yanditse ati: "Sinkekeranya ko nahahamutse bikomeye ku vyo nabonye nk’uwari ajejwe amatohoza ku vyaha vyo mu ntambara vyakozwe n’Abanazi mu bigo vy’impfungwa. Ndacagerageza kutavuga canke kutiyumvira vyinshi”.

Inyuma y’intambara, Ferencz yaciye asubira i New York kugira akore ibijanye n’amategeko, ariko inyuma y’akanya gaho yaciye agenwa kugira afashe gucira imanza Abanazi mu manza za Nuremberg, n’aho ata burambe yari bwaronke mu bijanye no guca imanza.

Yagizwe umushikirizamanza mukuru mu rubanza rw’abari mu murwi Einsatzgruppen, umurwi w’abicanyi wari uzwi nka SS wakorera mu karere kari kigaruriwe n’Abanazi mu buseruko bwa Bulaya ubwi ko wagandaguye abarenga umuriyoni w’abantu.

Mu bagabo 22 baburanishijwe, bose baragiriwe nibura n’icaha kimwe, aho 14 baciriwe igihano co gupfa, bikaza kurangira bane banyonzwe.

Imanza zimaze kurangira, Ferencz – yari asanzwe avuga indimi zine, harimwo n’ikidagi – yagumye mu Budagi bw’Uburengero aranafasha imihari y’Abayahudi kuronka indishi z’akababaro zatangwa na reta nshasha.

Mu myaka yiwe ya nyuma, yarabaye umwigisha w’amtegeko mpuzamakungu, akaba yaranaharaniye ishingwa rya sentare mpuzamakungu yo gucira imanza abategetsi b’ibihugu bazokwagirizwa ivyaha vyo mu ntambara, akaba yarananditse ibitabo bitari bike kuri iki kibazo.

Mu 2002, Sentare Mpuzamakungu Mpanavyaha (Cour Pénale Internationale/ International Criminal Court, CPI/ICC) yarashinzwe i La Haye mu Buholande, n’aho ata kintu kinini irakora kubera ibihugu bikomakomeye bitari bike, harimwo na Amerika, vyanse kuyinjiramwo.

Ferencz asize umuhungu n’abakobwa batatu. Umugore wiwe Gertrude Fried - umukunzi wiwe wa cane kuva bakiri abana– yasandavye mu 2019.